2.5 Stacks and Stack Sizes

The executing program maintains a main stack for the initial thread executing the program, as well as distinct stacks for each slave thread. Stacks are temporary memory address spaces used to hold arguments and automatic variables during invocation of a subprogram or function reference.

In general, the default main stack size is 8 megabytes. Compiling Fortran programs with the f95 -stackvar option forces the allocation of local variables and arrays on the stack as if they were automatic variables. Use of -stackvar with OpenMP programs is implied with explicitly parallelized programs because it improves the optimizer’s ability to parallelize calls in loops. (See the Fortran User’s Guide for a discussion of the -stackvar flag.) However, this may lead to stack overflow if not enough memory is allocated for the stack.

Use the limit C-shell command, or the ulimit ksh/sh command, to display or set the size of the main stack.

Each slave thread of an OpenMP program has its own thread stack. This stack mimics the initial (or main) thread stack but is unique to the thread. The thread’s PRIVATE arrays and variables (local to the thread) are allocated on the thread stack. The default size is 4 megabytes on 32-bit SPARC V8 and x86 platforms, and 8 megabytes on 64-bit SPARC V9 and x86 platforms. The size of the helper thread stack is set with the STACKSIZE environment variable.

demo% setenv STACKSIZE 16384   <-Set thread stack size to 16 Mb (C shell)

demo$ STACKSIZE=16384          <-Same, using Bourne/Korn shell
demo$ export STACKSIZE

Finding the best stack size might have to be determined by trial and error. If the stack size is too small for a thread to run it may cause silent data corruption in neighboring threads, or segmentation faults. If you are unsure about stack overflows, compile your Fortran, C, or C++ programs with the -xcheck=stkovf compiler option to force a segmentation fault on stack overflow. This stops the program before any data corruption can occur. (Note: The -xcheck=stkovf compiler option is available only on SPARC systems).