- Book Information
- Index
- Preface
- Chapter 1 Introduction to the C Compiler
- Chapter 2 C-Compiler Information Specific
to Sun’s Implementation
- 2.1 Constants
- 2.2 Linker Scoping Specifiers
- 2.3 Thread Local Storage Specifier
- 2.4 Floating Point, Nonstandard Mode
- 2.5 Labels as Values
- 2.6 long long Data Type
- 2.7 Case Ranges in Switch Statements
- 2.8 Assertions
- 2.9 Pragmas
- 2.9.1 align
- 2.9.2 c99
- 2.9.3 does_not_read_global_data
- 2.9.4 does_not_return
- 2.9.5 does_not_write_global_data
- 2.9.6 error_messages
- 2.9.7 fini
- 2.9.8 hdrstop
- 2.9.9 ident
- 2.9.10 init
- 2.9.11 inline
- 2.9.12 int_to_unsigned
- 2.9.13 MP serial_loop
- 2.9.14 MP serial_loop_nested
- 2.9.15 MP taskloop
- 2.9.16 nomemorydepend
- 2.9.17 no_side_effect
- 2.9.18 opt
- 2.9.19 pack
- 2.9.20 pipeloop
- 2.9.21 rarely_called
- 2.9.22 redefine_extname
- 2.9.23 returns_new_memory
- 2.9.24 unknown_control_flow
- 2.9.25 unroll
- 2.9.26 warn_missing_parameter_info
- 2.9.27 weak
- 2.10 Predefined Names
- 2.11 The Value of errno
- 2.12 Extensions
- 2.13 Environment Variables
- 2.14 How to Specify Include Files
- Chapter 3 Parallelizing C Code
- 3.1 Overview
- 3.2 Parallelizing for OpenMP
- 3.3 Environment Variables
- 3.4 Data Dependence and Interference
- 3.5 Speedups
- 3.6 Load Balance and Loop Scheduling
- 3.7 Loop Transformations
- 3.8 Aliasing and Parallelization
- Chapter 4 lint Source
Code Checker
- 4.1 Basic and Enhanced lint Modes
- 4.2 Using lint
- 4.3 The lint Options
- 4.3.1 -#
- 4.3.2 -###
- 4.3.3 -a
- 4.3.4 -b
- 4.3.5 -C filename
- 4.3.6 -c
- 4.3.7 -dirout=dir
- 4.3.8 -err=warn
- 4.3.9 -errchk=l(, l)
- 4.3.10 -errfmt=f
- 4.3.11 -errhdr=h
- 4.3.12 -erroff=tag(, tag)
- 4.3.13 -errsecurity=v
- 4.3.14 -errtags=a
- 4.3.15 -errwarn=t
- 4.3.16 -F
- 4.3.17 -fd
- 4.3.18 -flagsrc=file
- 4.3.19 -h
- 4.3.20 -Idir
- 4.3.21 -k
- 4.3.22 -Ldir
- 4.3.23 -lx
- 4.3.24 -m
- 4.3.25 -m32|-m64
- 4.3.26 -Ncheck=c
- 4.3.27 -Nlevel=n
- 4.3.28 -n
- 4.3.29 -ox
- 4.3.30 -p
- 4.3.31 -Rfile
- 4.3.32 -s
- 4.3.33 -u
- 4.3.34 -V
- 4.3.35 -v
- 4.3.36 -Wfile
- 4.3.37 -XCC=a
- 4.3.38 -Xalias_level[=l]
- 4.3.39 -Xarch=amd64
- 4.3.40 -Xarch=v9
- 4.3.41 -Xc99[=o]
- 4.3.42 -Xexplicitpar=a
- 4.3.43 -Xkeeptmp=a
- 4.3.44 -Xtemp=dir
- 4.3.45 -Xtime=a
- 4.3.46 -Xtransition=a
- 4.3.47 -Xustr={ascii_utf16_ushort|no}
- 4.3.48 -x
- 4.3.49 -y
- 4.4 lint Messages
- 4.5 lint Directives
- 4.6 lint Reference and Examples
- Chapter 5 Type-Based Alias Analysis
- 5.1 Introduction to Type-Based Analysis
- 5.2 Using Pragmas for Finer Control
- 5.2.1 #pragma alias_level level (list)
- 5.2.1.1 #pragma alias (type, type [, type]…)
- 5.2.1.2 #pragma alias (pointer, pointer [, pointer]…)
- 5.2.1.3 #pragma may_point_to (pointer, variable [, variable]…)
- 5.2.1.4 #pragma noalias (type, type [, type]…)
- 5.2.1.5 #pragma noalias (pointer, pointer [, pointer]…)
- 5.2.1.6 #pragma may_not_point_to (pointer, variable [, variable]…)
- 5.2.1 #pragma alias_level level (list)
- 5.3 Checking With lint
- 5.4 Examples of Memory Reference Constraints
- Chapter 6 Transitioning to ISO C
- 6.1 Basic Modes
- 6.2 A Mixture of Old- and New-Style Functions
- 6.3 Functions With Varying Arguments
- 6.4 Promotions: Unsigned Versus Value Preserving
- 6.5 Tokenization and Preprocessing
- 6.6 const and volatile
- 6.7 Multibyte Characters and Wide Characters
- 6.8 Standard Headers and Reserved Names
- 6.9 Internationalization
- 6.10 Grouping and Evaluation in Expressions
- 6.11 Incomplete Types
- 6.12 Compatible and Composite Types
- Chapter 7 Converting Applications for a 64-Bit Environment
- 7.1 Overview of the Data Model Differences
- 7.2 Implementing Single Source Code
- 7.3 Converting to the LP64 Data Type Model
- 7.3.1 Integer and Pointer Size Change
- 7.3.2 Integer and Long Size Change
- 7.3.3 Sign Extension
- 7.3.4 Pointer Arithmetic Instead of Integers
- 7.3.5 Structures
- 7.3.6 Unions
- 7.3.7 Type Constants
- 7.3.8 Beware of Implicit Declarations
- 7.3.9 sizeof( ) Is an Unsigned long
- 7.3.10 Use Casts to Show Your Intentions
- 7.3.11 Check Format String Conversion Operation
- 7.4 Other Considerations
- 7.5 Checklist for Getting Started
- Chapter 8 cscope: Interactively Examining
a C Program
- 8.1 The cscope Process
- 8.2 Basic Use
- 8.3 Unknown Terminal Type Error
- Appendix A Compiler Options Grouped by
Functionality
- A.1 Options Summarized by Function
- A.1.1 Optimization and Performance Options
- A.1.2 Compile-Time and Link-Time Options
- A.1.3 Data-Alignment Options
- A.1.4 Numerics and Floating Point Options
- A.1.5 Parallelization Options
- A.1.6 Source-Code Options
- A.1.7 Compiled-Code Options
- A.1.8 Compilation-Mode Options
- A.1.9 Diagnostic Options
- A.1.10 Debugging Options
- A.1.11 Linking and Libraries Options
- A.1.12 Target-Platform Options
- A.1.13 x86-Specific Options
- A.1.14 Licensing Options
- A.1.15 Obsolete Options
- A.1 Options Summarized by Function
- Appendix B C Compiler Options Reference
- B.1 Option Syntax
- B.2 The cc Options
- B.2.1 -#
- B.2.2 -###
- B.2.3 -Aname[(tokens)]
- B.2.4 -B[static|dynamic]
- B.2.5 -C
- B.2.6 -c
- B.2.7 -Dname[(arg[,arg])][=expansion]
- B.2.8 -d[y|n]
- B.2.9 -dalign
- B.2.10 -E
- B.2.11 -errfmt[=[no%]error]
- B.2.12 -errhdr[=h]
- B.2.13 -erroff[=t]
- B.2.14 -errshort[=i]
- B.2.15 -errtags[=a]
- B.2.16 -errwarn[=t]
- B.2.17 -fast
- B.2.18 -fd
- B.2.19 -features=[v]
- B.2.20 -flags
- B.2.21 -flteval[={any|2}]
- B.2.22 -fma[={none|fused}]
- B.2.23 -fnonstd
- B.2.24 -fns[={no|yes}]
- B.2.25 -fPIC
- B.2.26 -fpic
- B.2.27 -fprecision=p
- B.2.28 -fround=r
- B.2.29 -fsimple[=n]
- B.2.30 -fsingle
- B.2.31 -fstore
- B.2.32 -ftrap=t[,t...]
- B.2.33 -G
- B.2.34 -g
- B.2.35 -H
- B.2.36 -h name
- B.2.37 -I[-|dir]
- B.2.38 -i
- B.2.39 -include filename
- B.2.40 -KPIC
- B.2.41 -Kpic
- B.2.42 -keeptmp
- B.2.43 -Ldir
- B.2.44 -lname
- B.2.45 -m32|-m64
- B.2.46 -mc
- B.2.47 -misalign
- B.2.48 -misalign2
- B.2.49 -mr[,string]
- B.2.50 -mt
- B.2.51 -native
- B.2.52 -nofstore
- B.2.53 -O
- B.2.54 -o filename
- B.2.55 -P
- B.2.56 -p
- B.2.57 -Q[y|n]
- B.2.58 -qp
- B.2.59 -Rdir[:dir]
- B.2.60 -S
- B.2.61 -s
- B.2.62 -Uname
- B.2.63 -V
- B.2.64 -v
- B.2.65 -Wc,arg
- B.2.66 -w
- B.2.67 -X[c|a|t|s]
- B.2.68 -x386
- B.2.69 -x486
- B.2.70 -xa
- B.2.71 -xaddr32[=yes|no]
- B.2.72 -xalias_level[=l]
- B.2.73 -xannotate[=yes|no]
- B.2.74 -xarch=isa
- B.2.75 -xautopar
- B.2.76 -xbinopt={prepare|off}
- B.2.77 -xbuiltin[=(%all|%none)]
- B.2.78 -xCC
- B.2.79 -xc99[=o]
- B.2.80 -xcache[=c]
- B.2.81 –xcg[89|92]
- B.2.82 -xchar[=o]
- B.2.83 -xchar_byte_order[=o]
- B.2.84 -xcheck[=o]
- B.2.85 -xchip[=c]
- B.2.86 -xcode[=v]
- B.2.87 -xcrossfile
- B.2.88 -xcsi
- B.2.89 -xdebugformat=[stabs|dwarf]
- B.2.90 -xdepend=[yes|no]
- B.2.91 -xdryrun
- B.2.92 -xe
- B.2.93 -xexplicitpar
- B.2.94 -xF[=v[,v...]]
- B.2.95 -xhelp=f
- B.2.96 -xhwcprof
- B.2.97 -xinline=list
- B.2.98 -xinstrument=[no%]datarace
- B.2.99 -xipo[=a]
- B.2.100 -xipo_archive=[a]
- B.2.101 -xjobs=n
- B.2.102 -xldscope={v}
- B.2.103 -xlibmieee
- B.2.104 -xlibmil
- B.2.105 -xlibmopt
- B.2.106 -xlic_lib=sunperf
- B.2.107 -xlicinfo
- B.2.108 -xlinkopt[=level]
- B.2.109 -xloopinfo
- B.2.110 -xM
- B.2.111 -xM1
- B.2.112 -xMD
- B.2.113 -xMF filename
- B.2.114 -xMMD
- B.2.115 -xMerge
- B.2.116 -xmaxopt[=v]
- B.2.117 -xmemalign=ab
- B.2.118 -xmodel=[a]
- B.2.119 -xnolib
- B.2.120 -xnolibmil
- B.2.121 -xnolibmopt
- B.2.122 -xnorunpath
- B.2.123 -xO[1|2|3|4|5]
- B.2.124 -xopenmp[=i]
- B.2.125 -xP
- B.2.126 -xpagesize=n
- B.2.127 -xpagesize_heap=n
- B.2.128 -xpagesize_stack=n
- B.2.129 -xparallel
- B.2.130 -xpch=v
- B.2.130.1 Creating a Precompiled-Header File Automatically
- B.2.130.2 Creating a Precompiled-Header File Manually
- B.2.130.3 How the Compiler Handles an Existing Precompiled-Header File
- B.2.130.4 Directing the Compiler to Use a Specific Precompiled-Header File
- B.2.130.5 The Viable Prefix
- B.2.130.6 Screening a Header File for Problems
- B.2.130.7 The Precompiled-Header File Cache
- B.2.130.8 Warnings
- B.2.130.9 Precompiled-Header File Dependencies and make Files
- B.2.131 -xpchstop=[file|<include>]
- B.2.132 -xpec[={yes|no}]
- B.2.133 -xpentium
- B.2.134 -xpg
- B.2.135 -xprefetch[=val[,val]]
- B.2.136 -xprefetch_auto_type=a
- B.2.137 -xprefetch_level=l
- B.2.138 -xprofile=p
- B.2.139 -xprofile_ircache[=path]
- B.2.140 -xprofile_pathmap
- B.2.141 -xreduction
- B.2.142 -xregs=r[,r…]
- B.2.143 -xrestrict[=f]
- B.2.144 -xs
- B.2.145 -xsafe=mem
- B.2.146 -xsb
- B.2.147 -xsbfast
- B.2.148 -xsfpconst
- B.2.149 -xspace
- B.2.150 -xstrconst
- B.2.151 -xtarget=t
- B.2.152 -xtemp=dir
- B.2.153 -xthreadvar[=o]
- B.2.154 -xtime
- B.2.155 -xtransition
- B.2.156 -xtrigraphs
- B.2.157 -xunroll=n
- B.2.158 -xustr={ascii_utf16_ushort|no}
- B.2.159 -xvector[=a]
- B.2.160 -xvis
- B.2.161 -xvpara
- B.2.162 -Yc, dir
- B.2.163 -YA, dir
- B.2.164 -YI, dir
- B.2.165 -YP, dir
- B.2.166 -YS, dir
- B.2.167 -Zll
- B.3 Options Passed to the Linker
- Appendix C Implementation-Defined ISO/IEC
C99 Behavior
- C.1 Implementation-defined Behavior (J.3 )
- C.1.1 Translation (J.3.1 )
- C.1.2 Environment (J.3.2)
- C.1.3 Identifiers (J.3.3)
- C.1.4 Characters (J.3.4)
- C.1.5 Integers (J.3.5)
- C.1.6 Floating point (J.3.6)
- C.1.7 Arrays and Pointers (J.3.7)
- C.1.8 Hints (J.3.8)
- C.1.9 Structures, Unions, Enumerations, and Bit-fields (J.3.9)
- C.1.10 Qualifiers (J.3.10)
- C.1.11 Preprocessing Directives (J.3.11)
- C.1.12 Library Functions (J.3.12)
- C.1.13 Architecture (J.3.13)
- C.1.14 Locale-specific Behavior (J.4)
- C.1 Implementation-defined Behavior (J.3 )
- Appendix D Supported Features of C99
- D.1 Discussion and Examples
- D.1.1 Precision of Floating Point Evaluators
- D.1.2 C99 Keywords
- D.1.3 __func__ Support
- D.1.4 Universal Character Names (UCN)
- D.1.5 Commenting Code With //
- D.1.6 Disallowed Implicit int and Implicit Function Declarations
- D.1.7 Declarations Using Implicit int
- D.1.8 Flexible Array Members
- D.1.9 Idempotent Qualifiers
- D.1.10 inline Functions
- D.1.11 Static and Other Type Qualifiers Allowed in Array Declarators
- D.1.12 Variable Length Arrays (VLA):
- D.1.13 Designated Initializers
- D.1.14 Mixed Declarations and Code
- D.1.15 Declaration in for-Loop Statement
- D.1.16 Macros With a Variable Number of Arguments
- D.1.17 _Pragma
- D.1 Discussion and Examples
- Appendix E Implementation-Defined ISO/IEC C90 Behavior
- E.1 Implementation Compared to the ISO Standard
- E.1.1 Translation (G.3.1)
- E.1.2 Environment (G.3.2)
- E.1.3 Identifiers (G.3.3)
- E.1.4 Characters (G.3.4)
- E.1.4.1 (5.2.1) The members of the source and execution character
sets, except as explicitly specified in the Standard:
- (5.2.1.2) The shift states used for the encoding of multibyte characters:
- (5.2.4.2.1) The number of bits in a character in the execution character set:
- (6.1.3.4) The mapping of members of the source character set (in character and string literals) to members of the execution character set:
- (6.1.3.4) The value of an integer character constant that contains a character or escape sequence not represented in the basic execution character set or the extended character set for a wide character constant:
- (3.1.3.4) The value of an integer character constant that contains more than one character or a wide character constant that contains more than one multibyte character:
- (6.1.3.4) The current locale used to convert multibyte characters into corresponding wide characters (codes) for a wide character constant:
- (6.2.1.1) Whether a plain char has the same range of values as signed char or unsigned char:
- E.1.4.1 (5.2.1) The members of the source and execution character
sets, except as explicitly specified in the Standard:
- E.1.5 Integers (G.3.5)
- E.1.5.1 (6.1.2.5) The representations and sets of values
of the various types of integers:
- (6.2.1.2) The result of converting an integer to a shorter signed integer, or the result of converting an unsigned integer to a signed integer of equal length, if the value cannot be represented:
- (6.3) The results of bitwise operations on signed integers:
- (6.3.5) The sign of the remainder on integer division:
- (6.3.7) The result of a right shift of a negative-valued signed integral type:
- E.1.5.1 (6.1.2.5) The representations and sets of values
of the various types of integers:
- E.1.6 Floating-Point (G.3.6)
- E.1.7 Arrays and Pointers (G.3.7)
- E.1.8 Registers (G.3.8)
- E.1.9 Structures, Unions, Enumerations, and Bit-Fields
(G.3.9)
- E.1.9.1 (6.3.2.3) A member of a union object is accessed
using a member of a different type:
- (6.5.2.1) The padding and alignment of members of structures.
- (6.5.2.1) Whether a plain int bit-field is treated as a signed int bit-field or as an unsigned int bit-field:
- (6.5.2.1) The order of allocation of bit-fields within an int:
- (6.5.2.1) Whether a bit-field can straddle a storage-unit boundary:
- (6.5.2.2) The integer type chosen to represent the values of an enumeration type:
- E.1.9.1 (6.3.2.3) A member of a union object is accessed
using a member of a different type:
- E.1.10 Qualifiers (G.3.10)
- E.1.11 Declarators (G.3.11)
- E.1.12 Statements (G.3.12)
- E.1.13 Preprocessing Directives (G.3.13)
- E.1.13.1 (6.8.1) Whether the value of a single-character character
constant in a constant expression that controls conditional inclusion matches
the value of the same character constant in the execution character set:
- (6.8.1) Whether such a character constant may have a negative value:
- (6.8.2) The method for locating includable source files:
- (6.8.2) The support of quoted names for includable source files:
- (6.8.2) The mapping of source file character sequences:
- (6.8.6) The behavior on each recognized #pragma directive:
- (6.8.8) The definitions for __DATE__ and __TIME__ when, respectively, the date and time of translation are not available:
- E.1.13.1 (6.8.1) Whether the value of a single-character character
constant in a constant expression that controls conditional inclusion matches
the value of the same character constant in the execution character set:
- E.1.14 Library Functions (G.3.14)
- E.1.14.1 (7.1.6) The null pointer constant to which the macro NULL expands:
- (7.2) The diagnostic printed by and the termination behavior of the assert function:
- (7.3.1) The sets of characters tested for by the isalnum, isalpha, iscntrl, islower, isprint, and isupper functions:
- (7.5.1) The values returned by the mathematics functions on domain errors:
- (7.5.1) Whether the mathematics functions set the integer expression errno to the value of the macro ERANGE on underflow range errors:
- (7.5.6.4) Whether a domain error occurs or zero is returned when the fmod function has a second argument of zero:
- (7.7.1.1) The set of signals for the signal function:
- (7.7.1.1) The default handling and the handling at program startup for each signal recognized by the signal function:
- (7.7.1.1) If the equivalent of signal(sig, SIG_DFL); is not executed prior to the call of a signal handler, the blocking of the signal that is performed:
- (7.7.1.1) Whether the default handling is reset if the SIGILL signal is received by a handler specified to the signal function:
- (7.9.2) Whether the last line of a text stream requires a terminating new-line character:
- (7.9.2) Whether space characters that are written out to a text stream immediately before a new-line character appear when read in:
- (7.9.2) The number of null characters that may be appended to data written to a binary stream:
- (7.9.3) Whether the file position indicator of an append mode stream is initially positioned at the beginning or end of the file:
- (7.9.3) Whether a write on a text stream causes the associated file to be truncated beyond that point:
- (7.9.3) The characteristics of file buffering:
- (7.9.3) Whether a zero-length file actually exists:
- (7.9.3) The rules for composing valid file names:
- (7.9.3) Whether the same file can be open multiple times:
- (7.9.4.1) The effect of the remove function on an open file:
- (7.9.4.2) The effect if a file with the new name exists prior to a call to the rename function:
- (7.9.6.1) The output for %p conversion in the fprintf function:
- (7.9.6.2) The input for %p conversion in the fscanf function:
- (7.9.6.2) The interpretation of a- character that is neither the first nor the last character in the scan list for %[ conversion in the fscanf function:
- E.1.14.1 (7.1.6) The null pointer constant to which the macro NULL expands:
- E.1.15 Locale-Specific Behavior (G.4)
- E.1.15.1 (7.12.1) The local time zone and Daylight Savings
Time:
- (7.12.2.1) The era for the clock function
- (5.2.1) The content of the execution character set, in addition to the required members:
- (5.2.2) The direction of printing:
- (7.1.1) The decimal-point character:
- (7.3) The implementation-defined aspects of character testing and case mapping functions:
- (7.11.4.4) The collation sequence of the execution character set:
- (7.12.3.5) The formats for time and date:
- E.1.15.1 (7.12.1) The local time zone and Daylight Savings
Time:
- E.1 Implementation Compared to the ISO Standard
- Appendix F ISO C Data Representations
- Appendix G Performance Tuning (SPARC)
- Appendix H The Differences Between K&R Sun C and Sun ISO C