International Language Environments Guide

Chapter 3 Localization in the Solaris 9 Environment

This section discusses several localization features contained in the Solaris 9 environment.

Software Support for Localization

This section contains information about the Solaris 9 locale packages, localization content on the Solaris 9 CD-ROMs, localization functions in the interfaces, and script enabling.

Summary of the Solaris 9 Locale Packages

All Solaris 9 locale packages are classified into two categories.

The first category is for partial locales, which are the enablers of the locales. With partial locales installed on the system, users can input, display, print text and run applications on the target locales, while the OS/GUI messages from Solaris are English. All partial locale packages are available on the Solaris Software CDs. Japanese and Asian pertial locales are packaged according to the language and the other partial locales are packaged according to the geographic region.

The second category is for full locale packages. These packages include translations of software messages, online help files, optional fonts, and language-specific features. Full locale packages provide the full set of language features to many languages. All locales based on the following languages are full locales:

German
French
Spanish
Swedish
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Simplified Chinese
Traditional Chinese

Full locale packages are packaged according to the language and are available on the Language CD.

Note –

Partial locale packages (locale enablers) must be installed in order for the full locales to be functional.

During the Solaris installation process, you are prompted to choose which geographic regions require your support. The locale support available after installation completes depends on the choices made at this stage. Partial locales are installed from the Solaris Software CD-ROMs with the Solaris 9 Operating Environment and full locales are installed from the Languages CD. If you do not need full locale support, you can skip the installation from the Languages CD-ROM during the installation process. Note that the English locale is installed as the default.

Additional Locales in This Release

The new partial locales for this release are the addition of UTF–8 locales for Russian and Polish, two new locales for Catalan, a new Thai locale, a new Indic locale, two new Traditional Chinese locales, and a new Simplified Chinese locale. The locale names are:

ar_EG.UTF-8
ca_ES.ISO8859–1
ca_ES.ISO8859–15
fi_FI.UTF-8
fr_BE.UTF-8
pl_PL.UTF-8
pt_BR.UTF-8
ru_RU.UTF-8
tr_TR.UTF-8
th_TH.UTF-8
hi_IN.UTF-8
zh_HK.BIG5HK

This is a Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong) Big5–HKSCS locale. It is a full locale if the Traditional Chinese message packages are installed from the Languages CD.
zh_HK.UTF-8

This is a Traditional Chinese (Hong Kong) UTF—8 locale. It is a full locale if the Traditional Chinese message packages are installed from the Languages CD.
zh_CN.GB18030

This is a Simplified Chinese GB18030 locale. It is a full locale if the Simplified Chinese message packages are installed from the Languages CD.

Supported Locales

The following tables list all the locales supported by the Solaris 9 environment. The locale names have been updated in keeping with international naming standards.

Table 3–1 Asia


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`hi_IN.UTF-8`	English	India	UTF-8 [UTF-8 is the UTF-8 defined in ISO/IEC 10646–1:2000 and also Unicode 3.1.]	Hindi (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`ja`	Japanese	Japan	eucJP [eucJP signifies the Japanese EUC codeset. Specification of `ja_JP.eucJP` locale conforms to UI_OSF Japanese Environment Implementation Agreement Version 1.1 and `ja` locale conforms to the traditional specification from the past Solaris releases. ]	Japanese (EUC)
				JIS X 0201-1976
				JIS X 0208-1990
				JIS X 0212-1990
`ja_JP.eucJP`	Japanese	Japan	eucJP	Japanese (EUC)
				JIS X 0201-1976
				JIS X 0208-1990
				JIS X 0212-1990
`ja_JP.PCK`	Japanese	Japan	PCK [PCK is also known as Shift_JIS (SJIS).]	Japanese (PC kanji)
				JIS X 0201-1976
				JIS X 0208-1990
`ja_JP.UTF-8`	Japanese	Japan	UTF-8	Japanese (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`ko_KR.EUC`	Korean	Korea	1001	Korean (EUC) KS X 1001
`ko_KR.UTF-8`	Korean	Korea	UTF-8	Korean (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`th_TH.UTF-8`	English	Thailand	UTF-8	Thai (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`th_TH.TIS620`	English	Thailand	TIS620.2533	Thai TIS620.2533
`zh_CN.EUC`	Simplified Chinese	PRC	gb2312 [gb2312 signifies Simplified Chinese EUC codeset, which contains GB 1988–80 and GB 2312–80.]	Simplified Chinese (EUC) GB2312-1980
`zh_CN.GBK`	Simplified Chinese	PRC	GBK [GBK signifies GB extensions. This includes all GB 2312–80 characters and all Unified Han characters of ISO/IEC 10646–1, as well as Japanese Hiragana and Katakana characters. It also includes many characters of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean character sets and of ISO/IEC 10646–1]	Simplified Chinese (GBK)
`zh_CN.GB18030`	Simplified Chinese	PRC	GB18030–2000	Simplified Chinese (GB18030–2000) GB18030–2000
`zh_CN.UTF-8`	Simplified Chinese	PRC	UTF-8	Simplified Chinese (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`zh_HK.BIG5HK`	Traditional Chinese	Hong Kong	Big5+HKSCS	Traditional Chinese (BIG5+HKSCS)
`zh_HK.UTF-8`	Traditional Chinese	Hong Kong	UTF-8	Traditional Chinese (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1
`zh_TW.EUC`	Traditional Chinese	Taiwan	cns11643	Traditional Chinese (EUC) CNS 11643-1992
`zh_TW.BIG5`	Traditional Chinese	Taiwan	BIG5	Traditional Chinese (BIG5)
`zh_TW.UTF-8`	Traditional Chinese	Taiwan	UTF-8	Traditional Chinese (UTF-8) Unicode 3.1

Table 3–2 Australasia


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`en_AU.ISO8859-1`	English	Australia	ISO8859-1	English (Australia)
`en_NZ.ISO8859-1`	English	New Zealand	ISO8859-1	English (New Zealand)

Table 3–3 Central America


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`es_CR.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Costa Rica	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Costa Rica)
`es_GT.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Guatemala	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Guatemala)
`es_NI.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Nicaragua	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Nicaragua)
`es_PA.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Panama	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Panama)
`es_SV.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	El Salvador	ISO8859-1	Spanish (El Salvador)

Table 3–4 Central Europe


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`cs_CZ.ISO8859-2`	English	Czech Republic	ISO8859-2	Czech (Czech Republic)
`de_AT.ISO8859-1`	German	Austria	ISO8859-1	German (Austria)
`de_AT.ISO8859-15`	German	Austria	ISO8859-15	German (Austria, ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`de_CH.ISO8859-1`	German	Switzerland	ISO8859-1	German (Switzerland)
`de_DE.UTF-8`	German	Germany	UTF-8	German (Germany, Unicode 3.1)
`de_DE.ISO8859-1`	German	Germany	ISO8859-1	German (Germany)
`de_DE.ISO8859-15`	German	Germany	ISO8859-15	German (Germany, ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`fr_CH.ISO8859-1`	French	Switzerland	ISO8859-1	French (Switzerland)
`hu_HU.ISO8859-2`	English	Hungary	ISO8859-2	Hungarian (Hungary)
`pl_PL.ISO8859-2`	English	Poland	ISO8859-2	Polish (Poland)
`pl_PL.UTF-8`	English	Poland	UTF-8	Polish (Poland, Unicode 3.1)
`sk_SK.ISO8859-2`	English	Slovakia	ISO8859-2	Slovak (Slovakia)

Table 3–5 Eastern Europe


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`bg_BG.ISO8859-5`	English	Bulgaria	ISO8859-5	Bulgarian (Bulgaria)
`et_EE.ISO8859-15`	English	Estonia	ISO8859-15	Estonian (Estonia)
`hr_HR.ISO8859-2`	English	Croatia	ISO8859-2	Croatian (Croatia)
`lt_LT.ISO8859-13`	English	Lithuania	ISO8859-13	Lithuanian (Lithuania)
`lv_LV.ISO8859-13`	English	Latvia	ISO8859-13	Latvian (Latvia)
`mk_MK.ISO8859-5`	English	Macedonia	ISO8859-5	Macedonian (Macedonia)
`ro_RO.ISO8859-2`	English	Romania	ISO8859-2	Romanian (Romania)
`ru_RU.KOI8-R`	English	Russia	KOI8-R	Russian (Russia, KOI8-R)
`ru_RU.ANSI1251`	English	Russia	ansi-1251	Russian (Russia, ANSI 1251)
`ru_RU.ISO8859-5`	English	Russia	ISO8859-5	Russian (Russia)
`ru_RU.UTF-8`	English	Russia	UTF-8	Russian (Russia, Unicode 3.1)
`sh_BA.ISO8859-2`@bosnia	English	Bosnia	ISO8859-2	Bosnian (Bosnia)
`sl_SI.ISO8859-2`	English	Slovenia	ISO8859-2	Slovenian (Slovenia)
`sq_AL.ISO8859-2`	English	Albania	ISO8859-2	Albanian (Albania)
`sr_YU.ISO8859-5`	English	Serbia	ISO8859-5	Serbian (Serbia)
`tr_TR.ISO8859-9`	English	Turkey	ISO8859-9	Turkish (Turkey)
`tr_TR.UTF-8`	English	Turkey	UTF-8	Turkish (Turkey, Unicode 3.1)

Table 3–6 Middle East


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`He`	English	Israel	ISO8859-8	Hebrew (Israel)

Table 3–7 North Africa


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`ar_EG.UTF-8`	English	Egypt	UTF-8	Arabic (Egypt)
`Ar`	English	Egypt	ISO8859-6	Arabic (Egypt)

Table 3–8 North America


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`en_CA.ISO8859-1`	English	Canada	ISO8859-1	English (Canada)
`en_US.ISO8859-1`	English	USA	ISO8859-1	English (U.S.A.)
`en_US.ISO8859-15`	English	USA	ISO8859-15	English (U.S.A., ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`en_US.UTF-8`	English	USA	UTF-8	English (U.S.A., Unicode 3.1)
`fr_CA.ISO8859-1`	French	Canada	ISO8859-1	French (Canada)
`es_MX.ISO8859–1`	Spanish	Mexico	ISO8859–1	Spanish (Mexico)

Table 3–9 Northern Europe


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`da_DK.ISO8859–1`	English	Denmark	ISO8859–1	Danish (Denmark)
`da_DK.ISO8859–15`	English	Denmark	ISO8859–15	Danish (Denmark, ISO8859–15–Euro)
`fi_FI.ISO8859–1`	English	Finland	ISO8859–1	Finnish, Unicode 3.1)
`fi_FI.ISO8859–15`	English	Finland	ISO8859–15	Finnish (Finland, ISO8859–15–Euro)
`fi_FI.UTF-8`	English	Finland	UTF-8	Finnish (Finland)
`is_IS.ISO8859–1`	English	Iceland	ISO8859–1	Icelandic (Iceland)
`no_NO.ISO8859–1@bokmal`	English	Norway	ISO8859–1	Norwegian (Norway-Bokmal)
`no_NO.ISO8859–1@nyorsk`	English	Norway	ISO8859–1	Norwegian (Norway-Nynorsk)
`sv_SE.ISO8859–1`	Swedish	Sweden	ISO8859–1	Swedish (Sweden)
`sv_SE.ISO8859–15`	Swedish	Sweden	ISO8859–15	Swedish (Sweden, ISO8859–15–Euro)
`sv_SE.UTF-8`	Swedish	Sweden	UTF-8	Swedish (Sweden, Unicode 3.1)

Table 3–10 South America


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`es_AR.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Argentina	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Argentina)
`es_BO.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Bolivia	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Bolivia)
`es_CL.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Chile	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Chile)
`es_CO.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Colombia	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Colombia)
`es_EC.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Ecuador	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Ecuador)
`es_PE.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Peru	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Peru)
`es_PY.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Paraguay	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Paraguay)
`es_UY.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Uruguay	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Uruguay)
`es_VE.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Venezuela	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Venezuela)
`pt_BR.ISO8859-1`	English	Brazil	ISO8859-1	Portuguese (Brazil)
`pt_BR.UTF-8`	English	Brazil	UTF-8	Portuguese (Brazil, Unicode 3.1)

Table 3–11 South Europe


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`ca_ES.ISO8859-1`	English	Spain	ISO8859-1	Catalan (Spain)
`ca_ES.ISO8859-15`	English	Spain	ISO8859-15	Catalan (Spain, ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`el_GR.ISO8859-7`	English	Greece	ISO8859-7	Greek (Greece)
`es_ES.ISO8859-1`	Spanish	Spain	ISO8859-1	Spanish (Spain)
`es_ES.ISO8859-15`	Spanish	Spain	ISO8859-15	Spanish (Spain, ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`es_ES.UTF-8`	Spanish	Spain	UTF-8	Spanish (Spain, Unicode 3.1)
`it_IT.ISO8859-1`	Italian	Italy	ISO8859-1	Italian (Italy)
`it_IT.ISO8859-15`	Italian	Italy	ISO8859-15	Italian (Italy, ISO8859-15 - Euro)
`it_IT.UTF-8`	Italian	Italy	UTF-8	Italian (Italy, Unicode 3.1)
`pt_PT.ISO8859-1`	English	Portugal	ISO8859-1	Portuguese (Portugal)
`pt_PT.ISO8859-15`	English	Portugal	ISO8859-15	Portuguese (Portugal, ISO8859-15 - Euro)

Table 3–12 Western Europe


Locale	User Interface	Territory	Codeset	Language Support
`en_GB.ISO8859-1`	English	Great Britain	ISO8859-1	English (Great Britain)
`en_IE.ISO8859-1`	English	Ireland	ISO8859-1	English (Ireland)
`fr_BE.ISO8859-1`	French	Belgium-Walloon	ISO8859-1	French (Belgium-Walloon, Unicode 3.1)
`fr_BE.UTF-8`	French	Belgium-Walloon	UTF-8	French (Belgium-Walloon, Unicode 3.1)
`fr_FR.ISO8859-1`	French	France	ISO8859-1	French (France)
`fr_FR.UTF-8`	French	France	UTF-8	French (France, Unicode 3.1)
`nl_BE.ISO8859-1`	English	Belgium-Flemish	ISO8859-1	Dutch (Belgium-Flemish)
`nl_NL.ISO8859-1`	English	Netherlands	ISO8859-1	Dutch (Netherlands)

Multiple Key Compose Sequences for Locales

Many of the Solaris locales, especially the European and Unicode locales, allow input of various characters by using so-called “dead key sequences,” which are also known as Compose key sequences.

The Compose key sequence input is used to input characters with diacritical marks and other characters that are not shown on the keyboard key caps.

The following table shows a few examples of Compose key sequences. For more complete information about the Compose key sequences, see English/European Input Mode.

Table 3–13 Diacritical Characters Created With Compose Key


Mark	Compose Key Combination	Example
Diaeresis	”	Compose A “ —> A with diaeresis
Caron	V	Compose Z v —> Z with caron
Breve	u	Compose G u —> G with breve
Ogonek	a	Compose A a —> A with Ogonek
Cedilla	,	Compose K , —> K with cedilla
Registered Sign	R O	Compose R O —> Registered sign
Inverted Exclamation Mark	! !	Compose ! ! —> Inverted Exclamation Mark

Note –

If the current locale's codeset does not have a corresponding character, a compose sequence cannot be used. For example, since there is no Z with a caron in ISO8859–1, it is not possible to input a Z with a caron in the en_US.ISO8859–1 locale.

Keyboard Support in the Solaris 9 Product

Solaris recognizes and supports various keyboards with different key layouts made for specific regions, and layout support for both Sun SPARC and Intel Architecture (IA) platforms. Solaris 9 supports the regional keyboards listed in the following table:

Table 3–14 Support for Regional Keyboards


Region	Country	Sun Keyboard (Type 4/5/5c)	Sun Keyboard (Type 6)	PC Keyboard
Asia	Japan	X	X	X
	Korea	X	X	X
	Taiwan	X	X	X
Europe	Belgium	X	X	X
	Czech Republic	X		X
	Denmark	X	X	X
	Finland		X
	France	X	X	X
	Germany	X	X	X
	Great Britain	X	X	X
	Greece	X		X
	Hungary	X		X
	Italy	X	X	X
	Latvia	X		X
	Lithuania	X		X
	The Netherlands	X	X	X
	Norway	X	X	X
	Poland	X		X
	Portugal	X	X	X
	Russia	X	X	X
	Spain	X	X	X
	Sweden	X	X	X
	Switzerland (French)	X	X	X
	Switzerland (German)	X	X	X
	Turkey	X	X	X
America	Canada (French)	X	X	X
	Latin America (Spanish)	X
	U.S.A.	X	X	X
Middle East	Arabic	X	X

For regions with keyboard layouts that conform to the International Standard, such as China, use the keyboard layout support provided for the U.S.A. to input the locale's characters. The underlying keyboard mappings are identical. Some countries, like Japan, Turkey, and Switzerland have multiple keyboards, because multiple languages are being used, or because multiple keyboard layouts exist.

Sun Type 4, 5, and 5c keyboards use Sun I/O interfaces through a Mini DIN 8–pin connection. Sun Type 6 keyboards have two versions of interfaces:

Sun I/O through a Mini DIN 8–pin connection
USB

Sun keyboard types are printed on the back of each Sun keyboard.

PC keyboards use various interfaces, such as PS/2 or USB, for example.

Changing Between Keyboards on SPARC Systems

Users can change keyboard layouts in the Solaris product by using the DIP switch settings under most of Sun Type 4, 5 and 5c keyboards. A list of keyboard type, names and corresponding layout ids that can be used for the DIP switch settings is in the /usr/openwin/share/etc/keytables/keytable.map file.

Note –

Users cannot change the layouts of Type 6 keyboards because there are no DIP switches at the back of the keyboards. Some Type 5 and 5c keyboards, for instance, U.S.A., U.S.A./UNIX, and Japanese keyboards have jumpers instead of DIP switches. There are no utilities or tools for both SPARC and IA platforms (apart from a standard UNIX tool, like xmodmap(1)) bundled into the Solaris 9 operating environment for switching keyboards.

The following is a table of the layout id values for Type 4, 5, and 5c keyboards. (1 = switch up, 0 = switch down).

Table 3–15 Layouts for Type 4, 5, and 5c Keyboards


DIP Switch	Keyboard (Keytable file)	Setting in Binary
0	U.S.A. (`US4.kt`)	000000
1	U.S.A. (`US4.kt`)	000001
2	Belgium (`FranceBelg4.kt`)	000010
3	Canada (`Canada4.kt`)	000011
4	Denmark (`Denmark4.kt`)	000100
5	Germany (`Germany4.kt`)	000101
6	Italy (`Italy4.kt`)	000110
7	The Netherlands (`Netherland4.kt`)	000111
8	Norway (`Norway4.kt`)	001000
9	Portugal `(Portugal4.kt`)	001001
10 (0x0a)	Latin America/Spanish (`SpainLatAm4.kt`)	001010
11 (ox0b)	Sweden (`SwedenFin4.kt`)	001011
12 (0x0c)	Switzerland/French (`Switzer_Fr4.kt`)	001100
13 (0x0d)	Switzerland/German (`Switzer_Ge4.kt`)	001101
14 (0x0e)	Great Britain (`UK4.kt`)	001110
16 (0x10)	Korea (`Korea4.kt`)	010000
17 (0x11)	Taiwan (`Taiwan4.kt`)	010001
33 (0x21)	U.S.A. (`US5.kt`)	100001
34 (0x22)	U.S.A./UNIX (`US_UNIX5.kt`)	100010
35 (0x23)	France (`France5.kt`)	100011
36 (0x24)	Denmark (`Denmark5.kt`)	100100
37 (0x25)	Germany (`Germany5.kt`)	100101
38 (0x26)	Italy (`Italy5.kt`)	100110
39 (0x27)	The Netherlands (`Netherland5.kt`)	100111
40 (0x28)	Norway (`Norway5.kt`)	101000
41 (0x29)	Portugal (`Portugal5.kt`)	101001
42 (0x2a)	Spain (`Spain5.kt`)	101010
43 (0x2b)	Sweden (`Sweden5.kt`)	101011
44 (0x2c)	Switzerland/French (`Switzer_Fr5.kt`)	101101
45 (0x2d)	Switzerland/German (`Switzer_Ge5.kt`)	101110
46 (0x2e)	Great Britain (`UK5.kt`)	101111
47 (0x2f)	Korea (`Korea5.kt`)	101111
48 (0x30)	Taiwan (`Taiwan5.kt`)	110000
49 (0x31)	Japan (`Japan5.kt`)	110001
50 (0x32), see also 63 (0x3f)	Canada/French (`Canada_Fr5.kt`)	110010
51 0(x33)	Hungary (`Hungary5.kt`)	110011
52 (0x34	Poland (`Poland5.kt`)	110100
53 (0x35)	Czech (`Czech5.kt`)	110101
54 (0x36)	Russia (`Russia5.kt`)	110110
55 (0x37)	Latvia (`Latvia5.kt`)	110111
56 (0x38) see also 62 (0x3e)	Turkey-Q5 (`TurkeyQ5.kt`)	111000
57 (0x39)	Greece (`Greece5.kt`)	111001
58 (0x3a)	Arabic (`Arabic5.kt`)	111011
59 (0x3b)	Lithuania (`Lithuania5.kt`)	111010
60 (0x3c)	Belgium (`Belgian5.kt`)	111100
62 (0x3e)	Turkey-F5 (`TurkeyF5.kt`)	111110
63 (0x3f)	Canada/French (`Canada_Fr5_TBITS5.kt`)	111111

Keytable file names with 4 are for a Type 4 keyboard. Keytable file names with 5 are for a Type 5 keyboard.

Changing the layout from one keyboard layout to another layout (Czech for example), requires the following steps:

Find out the correct DIP switch id (or layout id) either from the table or from the /usr/openwin/share/etc/keytables/keytable.mp file. The layout id value in the keytable.mp file is a decimal value.

For Czech, the layout id is 53 in decimal (0x35 in hexadecimal).
Convert the layout id to binary, or use a proper “Setting in Binary” value from the column in the above table. For base conversion, calculator utilities such as dtcalc(1) may be used.

The correct binary value for the Czech keyboard is 110101.
Become superuser. Shut down and power off the system.
Change the DIP switch settings at the back of the keyboard by using the binary value in step 2.

The first DIP switch is on your left. Move the switch up for “1” and down for “0”.

The Czech keyboard binary value 110101, corresponds to: up up down up down up.
Power on and boot the system for use.

Note –

Unlike Type 4 keyboards, Type 5 and 5c keyboards have only five DIP switches. For the Type 5 and 5c keyboards, disregard the first binary digit. For the Czech Type 5c keyboard, for example, the correct DIP switch settings are “Up Down Up Down Up”, using only the last five digits from 10101.

Changing Between Keyboards on Intel Systems

On Intel architecture systems, a keyboard is selected during the kdmconfig(1M) part of the installation. To change this at any time after installation, first exit your GUI desktop environment to the command-line mode. As superuser, type kdmconfig to run the program. Follow the instructions to get the desired keyboard layout.