System Environment
This section describes locale environment variables, TTY environment setup, 32–bit and 64–bit STREAMS modules , and terminal support.
Locale Environment Variable
Be sure you have the en_US.UTF-8 locale installed on your system. To check current locale settings in various categories, use the locale(1) utility.
system% locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8" LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8" LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8" LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8" LC_ALL=
To use the en_US.UTF-8 locale desktop environment, choose the locale first. In a TTY environment, choose the locale first by setting the LANG environment variable to en_US.UTF-8, as in the following C-shell example:
system% setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8
Make sure that the LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_NUMERIC, LC_MONETARY, and LC_TIME categories are not set, or are set to en_US.UTF-8. If any of these categories is set, they override the lower-priority LANG environment variable. See the setlocale(3C) man page for more details about the hierarchy of environment variables.
You can also start the en_US.UTF-8 environment from the CDE desktop. At the CDE login screen's Options -> Language menu, choose en_US.UTF-8.
TTY Environment Setup
Depending on the terminal and terminal emulator that you are using, you might need to push certain codeset-specific STREAMS modules onto your streams.
For more information on STREAMS modules and streams in general, see the STREAMS Programming Guide.
The following table shows STREAMS modules supported by the en_US.UTF-8 locale in the terminal environment.
Table 5–7 32–bit STREAMS Modules Supported by en_US.UTF-8
The following table lists the 64–bit STREAMS modules supported by en_US.UTF-8.
Table 5–8 64–bit STREAMS Modules Supported by en_US.UTF-8|
64-bit STREAMS module |
Description |
|---|---|
|
/usr/kernel/strmod/sparcv9/u8lat1 |
Code conversion STREAMS module between UTF-8 and ISO8859-1 (Western European) |
|
/usr/kernel/strmod/sparcv9/u8lat2 |
Code conversion STREAMS module between UTF-8 and ISO8859-2 (Eastern European) |
|
/usr/kernel/strmod/sparcv9/u8koi8 |
Code conversion STREAMS module between UTF-8 and KOI8-R (Cyrillic) |
Loading a STREAMS Module at Kernel
To load a STREAMS module at kernel, first become root.
To determine whether you are running a 64-bit Solaris or 32-bit Solaris system, use the isainfo(1) utility as follows:
system# isainfo -v 64-bit sparcv9 applications 32-bit sparc applications
If the command returns this information, you are running the 64-bit Solaris system. If you are running the 32-bit Solaris system, the utility shows the following:
system# isainfo -v 32-bit sparc applications
Use modinfo(1M) to be certain that your system has not already loaded the STREAMS module:
system# modinfo | grep modulename
If the STREAMS module, such as u8lat1, is already installed, the output looks as follows:
system# modinfo | grep u8lat1 89 ff798000 4b13 18 1 u8lat1 (UTF-8 <--> ISO 8859-1 module)
If the module is already installed, you do not need to load it. However, if the module has not yet been loaded, use modload(1M) as follows:
system# modload /usr/kernel/strmod/u8lat1
This command loads the 32–bit u8lat1 STREAMS module at the kernel so you can push it onto a stream. If you are running the 64–bit Solaris product, use modload(1M) as follows:
system# modload /usr/kernel/strmod/sparcv9/u8lat1
The STREAMS module is loaded at the kernel and you can now push it onto a stream.
To unload a module from the kernel, use modunload(1M), as shown below. In this example, the u8lat1 module is being unloaded.
system# modinfo | grep u8lat1 89 ff798000 4b13 18 1 u8lat1 (UTF-8 <--> ISO 8859-1 module) system# modunload -i 89
dtterm and Terminals Capable of Input and Output of UTF-8 Characters
Unlike in previous releases of the Solaris operating environment, the dtterm(1) Terminal and any other terminals that support input and output of the UTF-8 codeset do not need to have any additional STREAMS modules in their stream. ldterm(7M) module is now codeset independent and supports Unicode/UTF-8 as well.
To set up the proper terminal environment for the Unicode locales, use the stty(1) utility. To query the current settings use the -a option of the stty(1) utility, as shown below:
system% /bin/stty -a
Note –
Because /usr/ucb/stty is not internationalized, use /bin/stty instead.
Terminal Support for Latin-1, Latin-2, or KOI8-R
For terminals that support only Latin-1 (ISO8859-1), Latin-2 (ISO8859-2), or KOI8-R, you should have the following STREAMS configuration:
head <-> ttcompat <-> ldterm <-> u8lat1 <-> TTY
This configuration is only for terminals that support Latin-1. For Latin-2 terminals, replace the STREAMS module u8lat1 with u8lat2. For KOI8-R terminals, replace the module with u8koi8.
Make sure you already have the STREAMS module loaded into the kernel.
To set up the STREAMS configuration shown above, use strchg(1M), as shown in the second command line of the example:
system% cat > tmp/mystreams ttcompat ldterm u8lat1 ptem ^D system% strchg -f /tmp/mystreams
Be sure that you are either root or the owner of the device when you use strchg(1). To see the current configuration, use strconf(1) as follows:
system% strconf ttcompat ldterm u8lat1 ptem pts system%
To reset the original configuration, set the STREAMS configuration as follows:
system% cat > /tmp/orgstreams ttcompat ldterm ptem ^D system% strchg -f /tmp/orgstreams
Saving the Settings in ~/.cshrc
Assuming the necessary STREAMS modules are already loaded with the kernel, you can save the following lines in your .cshrc file (C shell example) for convenience:
setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8
if ($?USER != 0 && $?prompt != 0) then
cat >! /tmp/mystreams$$ << _EOF
ttcompat
ldtterm
u8lat1
ptem
_EOF
/bin/strchg -f /tmp/mystreams$$
/bin/rm -f /tmp/mystreams$$
/bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw
endif
With these lines in your.cshrc file, you do not have to type all of the commands each time you use the STREAMS module. Note that the second _EOF should start from the first column of the file.
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