Common Tasks in Trusted Extensions (Task Map)

The following task map describes procedures that set up a working environment for administrators of Trusted Extensions.

How to Change the Password for root

The Security Administrator role is authorized to change any account's password at any time. However, the System Administrator cannot change the password of a system account. A system account is an account whose UID is below 100. root is a system account because its UID is 0.

1. Become superuser.

   If your site has made superuser into the root role, assume the root role.

2. Choose Change Password from the Trusted Path menu.
   1. Click the trusted symbol in the trusted stripe.

      From the trusted path menu, choose Change Password.

      
      
   2. Change the password, and confirm the change.

How to Regain Control of the Desktop's Current Focus

The “Secure Attention” key combination can be used to break a pointer grab or a keyboard grab by an untrusted application. The key combination can also be used to verify if a pointer or a keyboard has been grabbed by a trusted application. On a multiheaded system that has been spoofed to display more than one trusted stripe, this key combination warps the pointer to the authorized trusted stripe.

1. To regain control of a Sun keyboard, use the following key combination.

   Press the keys simultaneously to regain control of the current desktop focus. On the Sun keyboard, the diamond is the Meta key.

   <Meta> <Stop>

   If the grab, such as a pointer, is not trusted, the pointer moves to the stripe. A trusted pointer does not move to the trusted stripe.

2. If you are not using a Sun keyboard, use the following key combination.

   <Alt> <Break>

   Press the keys simultaneously to regain control of the current desktop focus on your laptop.

Example 11-1 Testing If the Password Prompt Can Be Trusted

On an x86 system that is using a Sun keyboard, the user has been prompted for a password. The cursor has been grabbed, and is in the password dialog box. To check that the prompt is trusted, the user presses the <Meta> <Stop> keys simultaneously. When the pointer remains in the dialog box, the user knows that the password prompt is trusted.

If the pointer had moved to the trusted stripe, the user would know that the password prompt could not be trusted, and contact the administrator.

Example 11-2 Forcing the Pointer to the Trusted Stripe

In this example, a user is not running any trusted processes but cannot see the mouse pointer. To bring the pointer to the center of the trusted stripe, the user presses the <Meta> <Stop> keys simultaneously.

How to Obtain the Hexadecimal Equivalent for a Label

This procedure provides an internal hexadecimal representation of a label. This representation is safe for storing in a public directory. For more information, see the atohexlabel(1M) man page.

Before You Begin

You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone. For details, see How to Enter the Global Zone in Trusted Extensions.

• To obtain a hexadecimal value for a label, do one of the following.
  • To obtain the hexadecimal value for a sensitivity label, pass the label to the command.

    $ atohexlabel "CONFIDENTIAL : NEED TO KNOW"
    0x0004-08-68

  • To obtain the hexadecimal value for a clearance, use the -c option.

    $ atohexlabel -c "CONFIDENTIAL NEED TO KNOW"
    0x0004-08-68

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    Note - Human readable sensitivity labels and clearance labels are formed according to rules in the label_encodings file. Each type of label uses rules from a separate section of this file. When a sensitivity label and a clearance label both express the same underlying level of sensitivity, the labels have identical hexadecimal forms. However, the labels can have different human readable forms. System interfaces that accept human readable labels as input expect one type of label. If the text strings for the label types differ, these text strings cannot be used interchangeably.

    In the default label_encodings file, the text equivalent of a clearance label does not include a colon (:).

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Example 11-3 Using the atohexlabel Command

When you pass a valid label in hexadecimal format, the command returns the argument.

$ atohexlabel 0x0004-08-68
0x0004-08-68

When you pass an administrative label, the command returns the argument.

$ atohexlabel admin_high
ADMIN_HIGH
atohexlabel admin_low
ADMIN_LOW

Troubleshooting

The error message atohexlabel parsing error found in <string> at position 0 indicates that the <string> argument that you passed to atohexlabel was not a valid label or clearance. Check your typing, and check that the label exists in your installed label_encodings file.

How to Obtain a Readable Label From Its Hexadecimal Form

This procedure provides a way to repair labels that are stored in internal databases. For more information, see the hextoalabel(1M) man page.

Before You Begin

You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone.

• To obtain the text equivalent for an internal representation of a label, do one of the following.
  • To obtain the text equivalent for a sensitivity label, pass the hexadecimal form of the label.

    $ hextoalabel 0x0004-08-68
    CONFIDENTIAL : NEED TO KNOW

  • To obtain the text equivalent for a clearance, use the -c option.

    $ hextoalabel -c 0x0004-08-68
    CONFIDENTIAL NEED TO KNOW

How to Prevent Password Prompting at a Change in Workspace Label

Because ZFS datasets carry their own labels, users are required to be authenticated when they change to a workspace at a different label. This procedure removes the password prompt and allows users to change workspace labels without authentication.

Before You Begin

You must be root in the global zone, and have access to every non-global zone.

• In every zone where the user will not be prompted for a password, prevent per-zone authentication.

  Comment out the tsoljds-userlogin entry in the /etc/pam.conf file.

  ## /etc/pam.conf file
  ...
  # GDM Autologin (explicit because of pam_allow).  These need to be
  ...
  tsoljds-userlogin   auth   sufficient   pam_allow.so.1 
  .
  .
  .
  # Default definitions for Authentication management
  ...
  tsoljds-userlogin   auth   sufficient   pam_allow.so.1 
  ...

How to Change Security Defaults in System Files

In Trusted Extensions, the security administrator changes or accesses default security settings on a system.

Files in the /etc/security and /etc/default directories contain security settings. On an Oracle Solaris system, superuser can edit these files. For Oracle Solaris security information, see Chapter 3, Controlling Access to Systems (Tasks), in System Administration Guide: Security Services.

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Caution - Relax system security defaults only if site security policy allows you to.

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Before You Begin

You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone.

• Edit the system file.

  The following table lists the security files and what security parameters to change in the files.

  
  

  File Task For More Information /etc/default/login Reduce the allowed number of password tries. See the example under How to Monitor All Failed Login Attempts in System Administration Guide: Security Services. passwd(1) man page /etc/default/kbd Disable keyboard shutdown. How to Disable a System’s Abort Sequence in System Administration Guide: Security Services Note - On hosts that are used by administrators for debugging, the default setting for KEYBOARD_ABORT allows access to the kadb kernel debugger. For more information about the debugger, see the kadb(1M) man page. /etc/security/policy.conf Require a more powerful algorithm for user passwords. Remove a basic privilege from all users of this host. Restrict users of this host to Basic Solaris User authorizations. policy.conf(4) man page /etc/default/passwd Require users to change passwords frequently. Require users to create maximally different passwords. Require a longer user password. Require a password that cannot be found in your dictionary. passwd(1) man page