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man pages section 1: User Commands     Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 Information Library
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Preface

Introduction

User Commands

acctcom(1)

adb(1)

addbib(1)

admin(1)

aedplot(1B)

alias(1)

allocate(1)

amt(1)

appcert(1)

apptrace(1)

apropos(1)

ar(1)

arch(1)

as(1)

asa(1)

at(1)

atoplot(1B)

atq(1)

atrm(1)

audioconvert(1)

audioplay(1)

audiorecord(1)

auths(1)

auto_ef(1)

awk(1)

banner(1)

basename(1)

basename(1B)

batch(1)

bc(1)

bdiff(1)

bfs(1)

bg(1)

bgplot(1B)

biff(1B)

break(1)

cal(1)

calendar(1)

cancel(1)

case(1)

cat(1)

cc(1B)

cd(1)

cdc(1)

cdrw(1)

chdir(1)

checkeq(1)

checknr(1)

chgrp(1)

chkey(1)

chmod(1)

chown(1)

chown(1B)

ckdate(1)

ckgid(1)

ckint(1)

ckitem(1)

ckkeywd(1)

ckpath(1)

ckrange(1)

ckstr(1)

cksum(1)

cktime(1)

ckuid(1)

ckyorn(1)

clear(1)

cmp(1)

cocheck(1F)

cocreate(1F)

codestroy(1F)

col(1)

comb(1)

comm(1)

command(1)

compress(1)

continue(1)

coproc(1F)

coreceive(1F)

cosend(1F)

cp(1)

cpio(1)

cpp(1)

cputrack(1)

crle(1)

crontab(1)

crtplot(1B)

crypt(1)

csh(1)

csplit(1)

ct(1C)

ctags(1)

ctrun(1)

ctstat(1)

ctwatch(1)

cu(1C)

cut(1)

date(1)

dc(1)

deallocate(1)

decrypt(1)

delta(1)

deroff(1)

df(1B)

dhcpinfo(1)

diff(1)

diff3(1)

diffmk(1)

digest(1)

digestp(1)

dircmp(1)

dirname(1)

dirs(1)

dis(1)

disable(1)

dispgid(1)

dispuid(1)

dos2unix(1)

download(1)

dpost(1)

dtappsession(1)

du(1)

du(1B)

dumbplot(1B)

dump(1)

dumpcs(1)

dumpkeys(1)

echo(1)

echo(1B)

echo(1F)

ed(1)

edit(1)

egrep(1)

eject(1)

elfdump(1)

elfedit(1)

elfsign(1)

elfwrap(1)

enable(1)

encrypt(1)

enhance(1)

env(1)

eqn(1)

errange(1)

errdate(1)

errgid(1)

errint(1)

erritem(1)

error(1)

errpath(1)

errstr(1)

errtime(1)

erruid(1)

erryorn(1)

eval(1)

ex(1)

exec(1)

exit(1)

expand(1)

export(1)

exportfs(1B)

expr(1)

expr(1B)

exstr(1)

face(1)

factor(1)

false(1)

fastboot(1B)

fasthalt(1B)

fc(1)

fdformat(1)

fg(1)

fgrep(1)

file(1)

file(1B)

filep(1)

filesync(1)

filofaxp(1)

find(1)

finger(1)

fmlcut(1F)

fmlexpr(1F)

fmlgrep(1F)

fmli(1)

fmt(1)

fmtmsg(1)

fold(1)

for(1)

foreach(1)

franklinp(1)

from(1B)

ftp(1)

ftpcount(1)

ftpwho(1)

function(1)

gcore(1)

gencat(1)

geniconvtbl(1)

genlayouttbl(1)

genmsg(1)

get(1)

getconf(1)

getfacl(1)

getfrm(1F)

getitems(1F)

getlabel(1)

getopt(1)

getoptcvt(1)

getopts(1)

gettext(1)

gettxt(1)

getzonepath(1)

gigiplot(1B)

glob(1)

goto(1)

gprof(1)

graph(1)

grep(1)

groups(1)

groups(1B)

grpck(1B)

hash(1)

hashcheck(1)

hashmake(1)

hashstat(1)

head(1)

help(1)

helpdate(1)

helpgid(1)

helpint(1)

helpitem(1)

helppath(1)

helprange(1)

helpstr(1)

helptime(1)

helpuid(1)

helpyorn(1)

history(1)

hostid(1)

hostname(1)

hp7221plot(1B)

hpplot(1B)

i286(1)

i386(1)

i486(1)

i860(1)

iAPX286(1)

iconv(1)

idnconv(1)

if(1)

implot(1B)

indicator(1F)

indxbib(1)

install(1B)

ipcrm(1)

ipcs(1)

isainfo(1)

isalist(1)

jobs(1)

join(1)

jsh(1)

kbd(1)

kdestroy(1)

keylogin(1)

keylogout(1)

kill(1)

kinit(1)

klist(1)

kmdb(1)

kmfcfg(1)

kpasswd(1)

krb5-config(1)

ksh(1)

ktutil(1)

lari(1)

last(1)

lastcomm(1)

ld(1)

ld(1B)

ldap(1)

ldapadd(1)

ldapdelete(1)

ldaplist(1)

ldapmodify(1)

ldapmodrdn(1)

ldapsearch(1)

ldd(1)

ld.so.1(1)

let(1)

lex(1)

limit(1)

line(1)

lint(1B)

list_devices(1)

listusers(1)

llc2_autoconfig(1)

llc2_config(1)

llc2_stats(1)

ln(1)

ln(1B)

loadkeys(1)

locale(1)

localedef(1)

logger(1)

logger(1B)

login(1)

logname(1)

logout(1)

longline(1F)

look(1)

lookbib(1)

lorder(1)

lp(1)

lpc(1B)

lpq(1B)

lpr(1B)

lprm(1B)

lpstat(1)

lptest(1B)

ls(1)

ls(1B)

m4(1)

mac(1)

mach(1)

machid(1)

madv.so.1(1)

mail(1)

Mail(1B)

mail(1B)

mailcompat(1)

mailp(1)

mailq(1)

mailstats(1)

mailx(1)

make(1S)

man(1)

mconnect(1)

mcs(1)

mdb(1)

mesg(1)

message(1F)

mixerctl(1)

mkdir(1)

mkmsgs(1)

mkstr(1B)

mktemp(1)

moe(1)

more(1)

mp(1)

mpss.so.1(1)

msgfmt(1)

mt(1)

mv(1)

nawk(1)

nca(1)

ncab2clf(1)

ncakmod(1)

neqn(1)

newform(1)

newgrp(1)

news(1)

newsp(1)

newtask(1)

nice(1)

NIS+(1)

nis+(1)

nis(1)

niscat(1)

nischgrp(1)

nischmod(1)

nischown(1)

nischttl(1)

nisdefaults(1)

niserror(1)

nisgrep(1)

nisgrpadm(1)

nisln(1)

nisls(1)

nismatch(1)

nismkdir(1)

nisopaccess(1)

nispasswd(1)

nisrm(1)

nisrmdir(1)

nistbladm(1)

nistest(1)

nl(1)

nm(1)

nohup(1)

notify(1)

nroff(1)

od(1)

on(1)

onintr(1)

optisa(1)

pack(1)

page(1)

pagesize(1)

pargs(1)

passwd(1)

paste(1)

patch(1)

pathchk(1)

pathconv(1F)

pax(1)

pcat(1)

pcred(1)

pdp11(1)

perl(1)

pfcsh(1)

pfexec(1)

pfiles(1)

pfksh(1)

pflags(1)

pfsh(1)

pg(1)

pgrep(1)

pkginfo(1)

pkgmk(1)

pkgparam(1)

pkgproto(1)

pkgtrans(1)

pkill(1)

pktool(1)

plabel(1)

pldd(1)

plimit(1)

plot(1B)

plottoa(1B)

pmap(1)

popd(1)

postdaisy(1)

postdmd(1)

postio(1)

postmd(1)

postplot(1)

postprint(1)

postreverse(1)

posttek(1)

ppgsz(1)

ppriv(1)

pr(1)

praliases(1)

prctl(1)

preap(1)

prex(1)

print(1)

printenv(1B)

printf(1)

priocntl(1)

proc(1)

prof(1)

profiles(1)

projects(1)

prs(1)

prt(1)

prun(1)

ps(1)

ps(1B)

psig(1)

pstack(1)

pstop(1)

ptime(1)

ptree(1)

pushd(1)

pvs(1)

pwait(1)

pwd(1)

pwdx(1)

ranlib(1)

rcapstat(1)

rcp(1)

rdist(1)

read(1)

readfile(1F)

readonly(1)

red(1)

refer(1)

regcmp(1)

regex(1F)

rehash(1)

reinit(1F)

remote_shell(1)

remsh(1)

renice(1)

repeat(1)

reset(1B)

reset(1F)

return(1)

rksh(1)

rlogin(1)

rm(1)

rmail(1)

rmdel(1)

rmdir(1)

rmformat(1)

roffbib(1)

roles(1)

rpcgen(1)

rpm2cpio(1)

rsh(1)

run(1F)

runat(1)

rup(1)

rup(1C)

ruptime(1)

rusage(1B)

rusers(1)

rwho(1)

sact(1)

sag(1)

sar(1)

sccs(1)

sccs-admin(1)

sccs-cdc(1)

sccs-comb(1)

sccs-delta(1)

sccsdiff(1)

sccs-get(1)

sccs-help(1)

sccs-prs(1)

sccs-prt(1)

sccs-rmdel(1)

sccs-sact(1)

sccs-sccsdiff(1)

sccs-unget(1)

sccs-val(1)

scp(1)

script(1)

sdiff(1)

sed(1)

sed(1B)

select(1)

set(1)

set(1F)

setcolor(1F)

setenv(1)

setfacl(1)

setlabel(1)

setpgrp(1)

settime(1)

sftp(1)

sh(1)

shell(1F)

shell_builtins(1)

shift(1)

shutdown(1B)

size(1)

sleep(1)

snca(1)

snmpstatus(1)

soelim(1)

sort(1)

sortbib(1)

sotruss(1)

source(1)

sparc(1)

spell(1)

spellin(1)

spline(1)

split(1)

srchtxt(1)

ssh(1)

ssh-add(1)

ssh-agent(1)

ssh-http-proxy-connect(1)

ssh-keygen(1)

ssh-keyscan(1)

ssh-socks5-proxy-connect(1)

stop(1)

strchg(1)

strconf(1)

strings(1)

strip(1)

stty(1)

stty(1B)

sum(1)

sum(1B)

sun(1)

suspend(1)

svcprop(1)

svcs(1)

switch(1)

symorder(1)

sysV-make(1)

t300(1)

t300(1B)

t300s(1)

t300s(1B)

t4013(1B)

t4014(1)

t450(1)

t450(1B)

tabs(1)

tail(1)

talk(1)

tar(1)

tbl(1)

tcopy(1)

tee(1)

tek(1)

tek(1B)

telnet(1)

test(1)

test(1B)

test(1F)

tftp(1)

time(1)

timemanp(1)

times(1)

timesysp(1)

timex(1)

tip(1)

tnfdump(1)

tnfxtract(1)

touch(1)

touch(1B)

tplot(1)

tput(1)

tr(1)

tr(1B)

trap(1)

troff(1)

true(1)

truss(1)

tset(1B)

tsort(1)

tty(1)

type(1)

typeset(1)

u370(1)

u3b(1)

u3b15(1)

u3b2(1)

u3b5(1)

ucblinks(1B)

ul(1)

ulimit(1)

umask(1)

unalias(1)

uname(1)

uncompress(1)

unexpand(1)

unget(1)

unhash(1)

unifdef(1)

uniq(1)

units(1)

unix2dos(1)

unlimit(1)

unpack(1)

unset(1)

unset(1F)

unsetenv(1)

until(1)

uptime(1)

users(1B)

uucp(1C)

uudecode(1C)

uuencode(1C)

uuglist(1C)

uulog(1C)

uuname(1C)

uupick(1C)

uustat(1C)

uuto(1C)

uux(1C)

vacation(1)

val(1)

valdate(1)

valgid(1)

valint(1)

valpath(1)

valrange(1)

valstr(1)

valtime(1)

valuid(1)

valyorn(1)

vax(1)

vc(1)

vedit(1)

ver(1)

vgrind(1)

vi(1)

view(1)

vipw(1B)

volcancel(1)

volcheck(1)

volmissing(1)

volrmmount(1)

vplot(1B)

vsig(1F)

w(1)

wait(1)

wc(1)

what(1)

whatis(1)

whence(1)

whereis(1B)

which(1)

while(1)

who(1)

whoami(1B)

whocalls(1)

whois(1)

write(1)

xargs(1)

xgettext(1)

xstr(1)

yacc(1)

yes(1)

ypcat(1)

ypmatch(1)

yppasswd(1)

ypwhich(1)

zcat(1)

zlogin(1)

zonename(1)

file

- determine the type of a file by examining its contents

Synopsis

/usr/ucb/file [-f ffile] [-cL] [-m mfile] filename...

Description

file performs a series of tests on each filename in an attempt to determine what it contains. If the contents of a file appear to be ASCII text, file examines the first 512 bytes and tries to guess its language.

file uses the file /etc/magic to identify files that have some sort of magic number, that is, any file containing a numeric or string constant that indicates its type.

Options

-c

Check for format errors in the magic number file. For reasons of efficiency, this validation is not normally carried out. No file type-checking is done under -c.

-f ffile

Get a list of filenames to identify from ffile.

-L

If a file is a symbolic link, test the file the link references rather than the link itself.

-m mfile

Use mfile as the name of an alternate magic number file.

Examples

Example 1 Using file on all the files in a specific user's directory.

This example illustrates the use of file on all the files in a specific user's directory:

example% pwd /usr/blort/misc
example% /usr/ucb/file *

code:           mc68020 demand paged executable
code.c:         c program text
counts:         ascii text
doc:            roff,nroff, or eqn input text
empty.file:     empty
libz:           archive random library
memos:          directory
project:        symboliclink to /usr/project
script:         executable shell script
titles:         ascii text
s5.stuff:       cpio archive


example%

Environment Variables

The environment variables LC_CTYPE, LANG, and LC_default control the character classification throughout file. On entry to file, these environment variables are checked in the following order: LC_CTYPE, LANG, and LC_default. When a valid value is found, remaining environment variables for character classification are ignored. For example, a new setting for LANG does not override the current valid character classification rules of LC_CTYPE. When none of the values is valid, the shell character classification defaults to the POSIX.1 “C” locale.

Files

/etc/magic

Attributes

See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:

ATTRIBUTE TYPE
ATTRIBUTE VALUE
Availability
SUNWscpu

See Also

magic(4), attributes(5)

Bugs

file often makes mistakes. In particular, it often suggests that command files are C programs.

file does not recognize Pascal or LISP.