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Managing System Information, Processes, and Performance in Oracle Solaris 11.1 Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library |
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Managing System Information, Processes, and Performance in Oracle Solaris 11.1 Oracle Solaris 11.1 Information Library |
1. Managing System Information (Tasks)
2. Managing System Processes (Tasks)
What's New in Managing System Processes
Managing System Processes (Task Map)
Commands for Managing System Processes
Using the /proc File System and Commands
Managing Processes by Using Process Commands (/proc)
How to Display Information About Processes
Terminating a Process (pkill, kill)
How to Terminate a Process (pkill)
How to Terminate a Process (kill)
Debugging a Process (pargs, preap)
Managing Process Class Information
Managing Process Class Information (Task Map)
Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes (priocntl)
How to Display Basic Information About Process Classes (priocntl)
How to Display the Global Priority of a Process
How to Designate a Process Priority (priocntl)
How to Change Scheduling Parameters of a Timesharing Process (priocntl)
How to Change the Class of a Process (priocntl)
Troubleshooting Problems With System Processes
3. Monitoring System Performance (Tasks)
4. Scheduling System Tasks (Tasks)
5. Managing the System Console, Terminal Devices, and Power Services (Tasks)
The following list identifies the process scheduling classes that can be configured on your system. Also included is the user priority range for the timesharing class.
The possible process scheduling classes are as follows:
Fair share (FSS)
Fixed (FX)
System (SYS)
Interactive (IA)
Real-time (RT)
The priority of a process is inherited from the parent process. This priority is referred to as the user-mode priority.
The system looks up the user-mode priority in the timesharing dispatch parameter table. Then, the system adds in any nice or priocntl (user-supplied) priority and ensures a 0–59 range to create a global priority.
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The scheduling priority of a process is the priority assigned by the process scheduler, according to scheduling policies. The dispadmin command lists the default scheduling policies. For more information, see the dispadmin(1M) man page.
You can use the priocntl command to assign processes to a priority class and to manage process priorities. For instructions on using the priocntl command to manage processes, see How to Designate a Process Priority (priocntl).
Example 2-4 Displaying Basic Information About Process Classes (priocntl)
The following example shows output from the priocntl -l command.
# priocntl -l
CONFIGURED CLASSES
==================
SYS (System Class)
TS (Time Sharing)
Configured TS User Priority Range: -60 through 60
FX (Fixed priority)
Configured FX User Priority Range: 0 through 60
IA (Interactive)
Configured IA User Priority Range: -60 through 60
$ ps -ecl
The global priority is listed under the PRI column.
Example 2-5 Displaying the Global Priority of a Process
The following example shows ps -ecl command output. The values in the PRI column show the priority for each process.
$ ps -ecl F S UID PID PPID CLS PRI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME CMD 1 T 0 0 0 SYS 96 ? 0 ? 0:11 sched 1 S 0 5 0 SDC 99 ? 0 ? ? 0:01 zpool-rp 0 S 0 1 0 TS 59 ? 688 ? ? 0:00 init 1 S 0 2 0 SYS 98 ? 0 ? ? 0:00 pageout 1 S 0 3 0 SYS 60 ? 0 ? ? 2:31 fsflush 1 S 0 6 0 SDC 99 ? 0 ? ? 0:00 vmtasks 0 S 16 56 1 TS 59 ? 1026 ? ? 0:01 ipmgmtd 0 S 0 9 1 TS 59 ? 3480 ? ? 0:04 svc.star 0 S 0 11 1 TS 59 ? 3480 ? ? 0:13 svc.conf 0 S 0 162 1 TS 59 ? 533 ? ? 0:00 pfexecd 0 S 0 1738 1730 TS 59 ? 817 ? pts/ 1 0:00 bash 0 S 1 852 1 TS 59 ? 851 ? ? 0:17 rpcbind 0 S 17 43 1 TS 59 ? 1096 ? ? 0:01 netcfgd 0 S 15 47 1 TS 59 ? 765 ? ? 0:00 dlmgmtd 0 S 0 68 1 TS 59 ? 694 ? ? 0:01 in.mpath 0 S 1 1220 1 FX 60 ? 682 ? ? 0:00 nfs4cbd 0 S 16 89 1 TS 59 ? 1673 ? ? 0:02 nwamd 0 S 0 146 1 TS 59 ? 629 ? ? 0:01 dhcpagen 0 S 1 129 1 TS 59 ? 1843 ? ? 0:00 kcfd 0 S 1 1215 1 FX 60 ? 738 ? ? 0:00 lockd 0 S 0 829 828 TS 59 ? 968 ? ? 0:00 hald-run 0 S 0 361 1 TS 59 ? 1081 ? ? 0:01 devfsadm 0 S 0 879 1 TS 59 ? 1166 ? ? 0:01 inetd 0 O 119764 1773 880 TS 59 ? 557 cons ole 0:00 ps 0 S 0 844 829 TS 59 ? 996 ? ? 0:00 hald-add 0 S 0 895 866 TS 59 ? 590 ? ? 0:00 ttymon 0 S 0 840 1 TS 59 ? 495 ? ? 0:00 cron 0 S 0 874 1 TS 59 ? 425 ? ? 0:00 utmpd 0 S 0 1724 956 TS 59 ? 2215 ? ? 0:00 sshd 0 S 119764 880 9 TS 59 ? 565 ? cons ole 0:00 csh 0 S 0 210 1 TS 59 ? 1622 ? ? 0:00 sysevent 0 S 0 279 1 TS 59 ? 472 ? ? 0:00 iscsid 0 S 1 1221 1 TS 59 ? 1349 ? ? 0:00 nfsmapid 1 S 0 374 0 SDC 99 ? 0 ? ? 0:00 zpool-us 0 S 0 1207 1 TS 59 ? 1063 ? ? 0:00 rmvolmgr 0 S 0 828 1 TS 59 ? 1776 ? ? 0:03 hald 0 S 0 853 829 TS 59 ? 896 ? ? 0:02 hald-add 0 S 0 373 1 TS 59 ? 985 ? ? 0:00 picld 0 S 0 299 1 TS 59 ? 836 ? ? 0:00 dbus-dae 0 S 12524 1730 1725 TS 59 ? 452 ? pts/ 1 0:00 csh 0 S 0 370 1 TS 59 ? 574 ? ? 0:00 powerd 0 S 0 264 1 FX 60 ? 637 ? ? 0:00 zonestat 0 S 0 866 9 TS 59 ? 555 ? ? 0:00 sac 0 S 0 851 829 TS 59 ? 998 ? ? 0:00 hald-add 0 S 12524 1725 1724 TS 59 ? 2732 ? ? 0:00 sshd 0 S 1 1211 1 TS 59 ? 783 ? ? 0:00 statd 0 S 0 1046 1 TS 59 ? 1770 ? ? 0:13 intrd 0 S 0 889 1 TS 59 ? 1063 ? ? 0:00 syslogd 0 S 0 1209 1 TS 59 ? 792 ? ? 0:00 in.ndpd 0 S 0 1188 1186 TS 59 ? 951 ? ? 0:15 automoun 0 S 0 1172 829 TS 59 ? 725 ? ? 0:00 hald-add 0 S 0 1186 1 TS 59 ? 692 ? ? 0:00 automoun 0 S 101 1739 1738 TS 59 ? 817 ? pts/ 1 0:00 bash 0 S 0 1199 1 TS 59 ? 1495 ? ? 0:02 sendmail 0 S 0 956 1 TS 59 ? 1729 ? ? 0:00 sshd 0 S 25 1192 1 TS 59 ? 1528 ? ? 0:00 sendmail 0 S 0 934 1 TS 59 ? 6897 ? ? 0:14 fmd 0 S 0 1131 1 TS 59 ? 1691 ? ? 0:07 nscd 0 S 1 1181 1 TS 59 ? 699 ? ? 0:00 ypbind
# priocntl -e -c class -m user-limit -p pri command-name
Executes the command.
Specifies the class within which to run the process. The valid classes are TS (timesharing), RT (real time), IA (interactive), FSS (fair share), and FX (fixed priority).
When you use the -p option with this option, the maximum amount you can raise or lower your priority is also specified.
Enables you specify the relative priority in the RT class for a real-time thread. For a timesharing process, the -p option lets you specify the user-supplied priority, which ranges from -60 to +60.
# ps -ecl | grep command-name
Example 2-6 Designating a Process Priority (priocntl)
The following example shows how to start the find command with the highest possible user-supplied priority.
# priocntl -e -c TS -m 60 -p 60 find . -name core -print # ps -ecl | grep find
# priocntl -s -m user-limit [-p user-priority] -i idtype idlist
Lets you set the upper limit on the user priority range and change the current priority.
When you use the -p option, specifies the maximum amount you can raise or lower the priority.
Allows you to designate a priority.
Uses a combination of xidtype and xidlist to identify the process or processes. The xidtype specifies the type of ID, such as the process ID or the user ID. Use xidlist to identify a list of process IDs or user IDs.
# ps -ecl | grep idlist
Example 2-7 Changing Scheduling Parameters of a Timesharing Process (priocntl)
The following example shows how to execute a command with a 500-millisecond time slice, a priority of 20 in the RT class, and a global priority of 120.
# priocntl -e -c RT -m 500 -p 20 myprog # ps -ecl | grep myprog
# priocntl -s -c class -i idtype idlist
Lets you set the upper limit on the user priority range and change the current priority.
Specifies the class, TS for time-sharing or RT for real-time, to which you are changing the process.
Uses a combination of xidtype and xidlist to identify the process or processes. The xidtype specifies the type of ID, such as the process ID or user ID. Use xidlist to identify a list of process IDs or user IDs.
Note - You must assume the root role or be working in a real-time shell to change a process from, or to, a real-time process. If, as root, you change a user process to the real-time class, the user cannot subsequently change the real-time scheduling parameters by using the priocntl -s command.
# ps -ecl | grep idlist
Example 2-8 Changing the Class of a Process (priocntl)
The following example shows how to change all the processes that belong to user 15249 to real-time processes.
# priocntl -s -c RT -i uid 15249 # ps -ecl | grep 15249
The nice command is only supported for backward compatibility to previous releases. The priocntl command provides more flexibility in managing processes.
The priority of a process is determined by the policies of its scheduling class and by its nice number. Each timesharing process has a global priority. The global priority is calculated by adding the user-supplied priority, which can be influenced by the nice or priocntl commands, and the system-calculated priority.
The execution priority number of a process is assigned by the operating system. The priority number is determined by several factors, including the process's scheduling class, how much CPU time it has used, and in the case of a timesharing process, its nice number.
Each timesharing process starts with a default nice number, which it inherits from its parent process. The nice number is shown in the NI column of the ps report.
A user can lower the priority of a process by increasing its user-supplied priority. However, only superuser can lower a nice number to increase the priority of a process. This restriction prevents users from increasing the priorities of their own processes, thereby monopolizing a greater share of the CPU.
The nice numbers range from 0 to +39, with 0 representing the highest priority. The default nice value for each timesharing process is 20. Two versions of the command are available: the standard version, /usr/bin/nice, and the C shell built-in command.
Using this procedure, a user can lower the priority of a process. However, the root role can raise or lower the priority of a process.
The following nice command executes command-name with a lower priority by raising the nice number by 5 units.
$ /usr/bin/nice -5 command-name
In the preceding command, the minus sign designates that what follows is an option. This command could also be specified as follows:
$ /usr/bin/nice -n 5 command-name
The following nice command lowers the priority of command-name by raising the nice number by the default increment of 10 units, but not beyond the maximum value of 39.
$ /usr/bin/nice command-name
The following nice command raises the priority of command-name by lowering the nice number by 10 units, but not below the minimum value of 0.
# /usr/bin/nice --10 command-name
In the preceding command, the first minus sign designates that what follows is an option. The second minus sign indicates a negative number.
The following nice command lowers the priority of command-name by raising the nice number by 5 units, but not beyond the maximum value of 39.
# /usr/bin/nice -5 command-name
See Also
For more information, see the nice(1) man page.
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