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Trusted Extensions Administrator's Procedures Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Information Library |
1. Trusted Extensions Administration Concepts
2. Trusted Extensions Administration Tools
3. Getting Started as a Trusted Extensions Administrator (Tasks)
4. Security Requirements on a Trusted Extensions System (Overview)
5. Administering Security Requirements in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
6. Users, Rights, and Roles in Trusted Extensions (Overview)
7. Managing Users, Rights, and Roles in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
8. Remote Administration in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
9. Trusted Extensions and LDAP (Overview)
10. Managing Zones in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
11. Managing and Mounting Files in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
12. Trusted Networking (Overview)
13. Managing Networks in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
Managing the Trusted Network (Task Map)
Configuring Trusted Network Databases (Task Map)
How to Determine If You Need Site-Specific Security Templates
How to Open the Trusted Networking Tools
How to Construct a Remote Host Template
How to Add Hosts to the System's Known Network
How to Assign a Security Template to a Host or a Group of Hosts
How to Limit the Hosts That Can Be Contacted on the Trusted Network
Configuring Routes and Checking Network Information in Trusted Extensions (Task Map)
How to Configure Routes With Security Attributes
How to Check the Syntax of Trusted Network Databases
How to Compare Trusted Network Database Information With the Kernel Cache
How to Synchronize the Kernel Cache With Trusted Network Databases
Troubleshooting the Trusted Network (Task Map)
How to Verify That a Host's Interfaces Are Up
How to Debug the Trusted Extensions Network
How to Debug a Client Connection to the LDAP Server
14. Multilevel Mail in Trusted Extensions (Overview)
15. Managing Labeled Printing (Tasks)
16. Devices in Trusted Extensions (Overview)
17. Managing Devices for Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
18. Trusted Extensions Auditing (Overview)
19. Software Management in Trusted Extensions (Tasks)
A. Quick Reference to Trusted Extensions Administration
Trusted Extensions software includes the tnrhtp and tnrhdb databases. These databases provide labels for remote hosts that contact the system. The Solaris Management Console provides the GUI that you use to administer these databases.
The following task map describes tasks to create security templates and apply them to hosts.
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Before You Begin
You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone.
Read the tnrhtp file on a local host. The comments in the file are helpful. You can also view the security attribute values in the Security Templates tool in the Solaris Management Console.
The default templates match any installation. The label range for each template is ADMIN_LOW to ADMIN_HIGH.
The cipso template defines a CIPSO host type whose DOI is 1. The label range for the template is ADMIN_LOW to ADMIN_HIGH.
The admin_low template defines an unlabeled host whose DOI is 1. The template's default label is ADMIN_LOW. The label range for the template is ADMIN_LOW to ADMIN_HIGH. In the default configuration, the address 0.0.0.0 is assigned to this template. Therefore, all non-CIPSO hosts are treated as hosts that operate at the ADMIN_LOW security label.
For support purposes, do not delete or modify the default templates. You can change the host that is assigned these default templates. For an example, see How to Limit the Hosts That Can Be Contacted on the Trusted Network.
Limit the label range of a host or a group of hosts.
Create a single-label host.
Create a host that recognizes a few discrete labels.
Use a different DOI than 1.
Require a default label for unlabeled hosts that is not ADMIN_LOW.
For details, see How to Construct a Remote Host Template.
Before You Begin
You must be in the global zone in a role that can modify network security. For example, roles that are assigned the Information Security or Network Security rights profile can modify security settings. The Security Administrator role includes these profiles.
To use the LDAP toolbox, you must have completed Configuring the Solaris Management Console for LDAP (Task Map) in Trusted Extensions Configuration Guide.
For details, see Initialize the Solaris Management Console Server in Trusted Extensions in Trusted Extensions Configuration Guide.
To modify a template, use the Security Templates tool.
All currently defined templates display in the right pane. When you select or create a template, online help is available in the left pane.
To assign a host to a template, use the Security Templates tool.
To create a host that can be assigned to a template, use the Computers and Networks tool.
To assign a label to a zone, use the Trusted Network Zones tool. For more information about zones in Trusted Extensions, see Chapter 10, Managing Zones in Trusted Extensions (Tasks).
Before You Begin
You must be in the global zone in a role that can modify network security. For example, roles that are assigned the Information Security or Network Security rights profiles can modify security settings. The Security Administrator role includes these profiles.
See How to Open the Trusted Networking Tools for the steps.
The existing templates are displayed in the View pane. These templates describe the security attributes for hosts that this system can contact. These hosts include CIPSO hosts that are running Trusted Extensions and unlabeled hosts.
View which hosts and which networks are already assigned this template.
View which hosts and which networks are already assigned this template.
If the provided templates do not sufficiently describe the hosts that can be in communication with this system, choose Add Template from the Action menu.
Use the online help for assistance. Before assigning hosts to the templates, create all the templates that your site requires.
Double-click the template, and use the online help for assistance. You can change the assigned hosts or the assigned networks.
Example 13-1 Creating a Security Template With a Different DOI Value
In this example, the security administrator's network has a DOI whose value is different from 1. The team that initially configured the system has completed Configure the Domain of Interpretation in Trusted Extensions Configuration Guide.
First, the security administrator confirms the value of the DOI in the /etc/system file:
# grep doi /etc/system set default_doi = 4
Then, in the Security Templates tool, for every template that the administrator creates, the value of doi is set to 4. For the single-label system that is described in Example 13-2, the security administrator creates the following template:
template: CIPSO_PUBLIC host_type: CIPSO doi: 4 min_sl: PUBLIC max_sl: PUBLIC
Example 13-2 Creating a Security Template That Has a Single Label
In this example, the security administrator wants to create a gateway that can only pass packets at a single label, PUBLIC. Using the Security Templates tool in the Solaris Management Console, the administrator creates a template and assigns the gateway host to the template.
First, the gateway host and IP address are added to the Computers and Networks tool.
gateway-1 192.168.131.75
Then, the template is created in the Security Templates tool. The following are the values in the template:
template: CIPSO_PUBLIC host_type: CIPSO doi: 1 min_sl: PUBLIC max_sl: PUBLIC
The tool supplies the hexadecimal value for PUBLIC, 0X0002-08-08.
Finally, the gateway-1 host is assigned to the template by its name and IP address.
gateway-1 192.168.131.75
On a local host, the tnrhtp entry appears similar to the following:
cipso_public:host_type=cipso;doi=1;min_sl=0X0002-08-08;max_sl=0X0002-08-08;
On a local host, the tnrhdb entry appears similar to the following:
# gateway-1 192.168.131.75:cipso_public
Example 13-3 Creating a Security Template for an Unlabeled Router
Any IP router can forward messages with CIPSO labels even though the router does not explicitly support labels. Such an unlabeled router needs a default label to define the level at which connections to the router, perhaps for router management, need to be handled. In this example, the security administrator creates a router that can forward traffic at any label, but all direct communication with the router is handled at the default label, PUBLIC.
In the Solaris Management Console, the administrator creates a template and assigns the gateway host to the template.
First, the router and its IP address are added to the Computers and Networks tool.
router-1 192.168.131.82
Then, the template is created in the Security Templates tool. The following values are in the template:
Template Name: UNL_PUBLIC Host Type: UNLABELED DOI: 1 Default Label: PUBLIC Minimum Label: ADMIN_LOW Maximum Label: ADMIN_HIGH
The tool supplies the hexadecimal value for the labels.
Finally, the router-1 router is assigned to the template by its name and IP address.
router-1 192.168.131.82
Example 13-4 Creating a Security Template That Has a Limited Label Range
In this example, the security administrator wants to create a gateway that restricts packets to a narrow label range. In the Solaris Management Console, the administrator creates a template and assigns the gateway host to the template.
First, the host and its IP address are added to the Computers and Networks tool.
gateway-ir 192.168.131.78
Then, the template is created in the Security Templates tool. The following values are in the template:
Template Name: CIPSO_IUO_RSTRCT Host Type: CIPSO DOI: 1 Minimum Label: CONFIDENTIAL : INTERNAL USE ONLY Maximum Label: CONFIDENTIAL : RESTRICTED
The tool supplies the hexadecimal value for the labels.
Finally, the gateway-ir gateway is assigned to the template by its name and IP address.
gateway-ir 192.168.131.78
Example 13-5 Creating a Security Template That Has a Security Label Set
In this example, the security administrator wants to create a security template that recognizes two labels only. In the Solaris Management Console, the administrator creates a template and assigns the gateway host to the template.
First, each host and IP address that is going to use this template is added to the Computers and Networks tool.
host-slset1 192.168.132.21 host-slset2 192.168.132.22 host-slset3 192.168.132.23 host-slset4 192.168.132.24
Then, the template is created in the Security Templates tool. The following values are in the template:
Template Name: CIPSO_PUB_RSTRCT Host Type: CIPSO DOI: 1 Minimum Label: PUBLIC Maximum Label: CONFIDENTIAL : RESTRICTED SL Set: PUBLIC, CONFIDENTIAL : RESTRICTED
The tool supplies the hexadecimal value for the labels.
Finally, the range of IP addresses are assigned to the template by using the Wildcard button and a prefix.
192.168.132.0/17
Example 13-6 Creating an Unlabeled Template at the Label PUBLIC
In this example, the security administrator allows a subnetwork of Oracle Solaris systems to have the PUBLIC label in the trusted network. The template has the following values:
Template Name: public Host Type: Unlabeled Default Label: Public Minimum Label: Public Maximum Label: Public DOI: 1 Wildcard Entry: 10.10.0.0 Prefix: 16
All systems on the 10.10.0.0 subnetwork are handled at the label PUBLIC.
Example 13-7 Creating a Labeled Template for Developers
In this example, the security administrator creates a SANDBOX template. This template is assigned to systems that are used by developers of trusted software. The two systems that are assigned this template create and test labeled programs. However, their tests do not affect the other labeled systems, because the label SANDBOX is disjoint from the other labels on the network.
Template Name: cipso_sandbox Host Type: CIPSO Minimum Label: SANDBOX Maximum Label: SANDBOX DOI: 1 Hostname: DevMachine1 IP Address: 196.168.129.129 Hostname: DevMachine2 IP Address: 196.168.129.102
The developers who use these systems can communicate with each other at the label SANDBOX.
The Computers tool in the Solaris Management Console is identical to the Computers tool in the Oracle Solaris OS. This procedure is provided here for your convenience. After the hosts are known, you then assign the hosts to a security template.
Before You Begin
You must be in an administrator who can manage networks. For example, roles that include the Network Management or System Administrator rights profiles can manage networks.
For details, see How to Open the Trusted Networking Tools.
You must add every host that this system might contact, including any static routers and any audit servers.
Use the online help to add groups of hosts by using a network IP address.
Before You Begin
You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone.
All hosts that you want to assign to a template must exist in the Computers and Networks tool. For details, see How to Add Hosts to the System's Known Network.
For details, see How to Open the Trusted Networking Tools.
Example 13-8 Adding an IPv4 Network as a Wildcard Entry
In the following example, a security administrator assigns several IPv4 subnetworks to the same security template. In the Hosts Assigned to Template tab, the administrator adds the following wildcard entries:
IP Address: 192.168.113.0 IP address: 192.168.75.0
Example 13-9 Adding a List of IPv4 Hosts as a Wildcard Entry
In the following example, a security administrator assigns contiguous IPv4 addresses that are not along octet boundaries to the same security template. In the Hosts Assigned to Template tab, the administrator adds the following wildcard entries:
IP Address: 192.168.113.100 Prefix Length: 25
This wildcard entry covers the address range of 192.168.113.0 to 192.168.113.127. The address includes 192.168.113.100.
Example 13-10 Adding a List of IPv6 Hosts as a Wildcard Entry
In the following example, a security administrator assigns contiguous IPv6 addresses to the same security template. In the Hosts Assigned to Template tab, the administrator adds the following wildcard entries:
IP Address: 2001:a08:3903:200::0 Prefix Length: 56
This wildcard entry covers the address range of 2001:a08:3903:200::0 to 2001:a08:3903:2ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff. The address includes 2001:a08:3903:201:20e:cff:fe08:58c.
This procedure protects labeled hosts from being contacted by arbitrary unlabeled hosts. When Trusted Extensions is installed, this default template defines every host on the network. Use this procedure to enumerate specific unlabeled hosts.
The local tnrhdb file on each system is used to contact the network at boot time. By default, every host that is not provided with a CIPSO template is defined by the admin_low template. This template assigns every system that is not otherwise defined (0.0.0.0) to be an unlabeled system with the default label of admin_low.
Before You Begin
You must be in the Security Administrator role in the global zone.
All hosts that are to be contacted at boot time must exist in the Computers and Networks tool.
The Files scope protects the system during boot. To access the Security Templates tool, see How to Open the Trusted Networking Tools.
Every host that is added can be contacted during boot at the label ADMIN_LOW.
Every host that is added can be contacted during boot at the label ADMIN_LOW.
For details, see How to Assign a Security Template to a Host or a Group of Hosts.
Include every on-link router that is not running Trusted Extensions, through which this host must communicate.
Every host that is added can be contacted during boot.
Every host that is added can be contacted during boot at the label ADMIN_LOW.
For details, see How to Assign a Security Template to a Host or a Group of Hosts.
Include the LDAP server.
Include every on-link router that is running Trusted Extensions, through which this host must communicate
Make sure that all network interfaces are assigned to the template.
Include broadcast addresses.
Example 13-11 Changing the Label of the 0.0.0.0 tnrhdb Entry
In this example, the security administrator creates a public gateway system. The administrator removes the 0.0.0.0 entry from the admin_low template and assigns the entry to an unlabeled template that is named public. The system then recognizes any system that is not listed in its tnrhdb file as an unlabeled system with the security attributes of the public security template.
The following describes an unlabeled template that was created specifically for public gateways.
Template Name: public Host Type: Unlabeled Default Label: Public Minimum Label: Public Maximum Label: Public DOI: 1
Example 13-12 Enumerating Computers to Contact During Boot in the tnrhdb Database
The following example shows the local tnrhdb database with entries for an LDAP client with two network interfaces. The client communicates with another network and with routers.
127.0.0.1:cipso Loopback address 192.168.112.111:cipso Interface 1 of this host 192.168.113.111:cipso Interface 2 of this host 10.6.6.2:cipso LDAP server 192.168.113.6:cipso Audit server 192.168.112.255:cipso Subnet broadcast address 192.168.113.255:cipso Subnet broadcast address 192.168.113.1:cipso Router 192.168.117.0:cipso Another Trusted Extensions network 192.168.112.12:public Specific network router 192.168.113.12:public Specific network router 224.0.0.2:public Multicast address 255.255.255.255:admin_low Broadcast address
Example 13-13 Making the Host Address 0.0.0.0 a Valid tnrhdb Entry
In this example, the security administrator configures a Sun Ray server to accept initial connection requests from potential clients. The server is using a private topology and is using the defaults:
# utadm -a bge0
First, the administrator determines the Solaris Management Console domain name:
SMCserver # /usr/sadm/bin/dtsetup scopes Getting list of managable scopes... Scope 1 file:/machine1.ExampleCo.COM/machine1.ExampleCo.COM
Then, the administrator adds the entry for client initial connection to the Sun Ray server's tnrhdb database. Because the administrator is testing, the default wildcard address is still used for all unknown addresses:
SunRayServer # /usr/sadm/bin/smtnrhdb \ add -D file:/machine1.ExampleCo.COM/machine1.ExampleCo.COM \ -- -w 0.0.0.0 -p 32 -n admin_low Authenticating as user: root Please enter a string value for: password :: ... from machine1.ExampleCo.COM was successful.
After this command, the tnhrdb database appears similar to the following. The result of the smtnrhdb command is highlighted:
## tnrhdb database ## Sun Ray server address 192.168.128.1:cipso ## Sun Ray client addresses on 192.168.128 network 192.168.128.0/24:admin_low ## Initial address for new clients 0.0.0.0/32:admin_low ## Default wildcard address 0.0.0.0:admin_low Other addresses to be contacted at boot
# tnchkdb -h /etc/security/tsol/tnrhdb
After this phase of testing succeeds, the administrator makes the configuration more secure by removing the default wildcard address, checks the syntax of the tnrhdb database, and tests again. The final tnhrdb database appears similar to the following:
## tnrhdb database ## Sun Ray server address 192.168.128.1:cipso ## Sun Ray client addresses on 192.168.128 network 192.168.128.0/24:admin_low ## Initial address for new clients 0.0.0.0/32:admin_low ## 0.0.0.0:admin_low - no other systems can enter network at admin_low Other addresses to be contacted at boot