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Solaris 11 Security
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Writing PAM Applications and Services
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Writing Applications That Use PAM Services
Updated: July 2014
Developer's Guide to Oracle
®
Solaris 11 Security
Document Information
Using This Documentation
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Chapter 1 Oracle Solaris Security for Developers (Overview)
Overview of Oracle Solaris Security Features for Developers
System Security
Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR)
Debugging and ASLR
Network Security Architecture
Chapter 2 Developing Privileged Applications
Privileged Applications
About Privileges
How Administrators Assign Privileges
How Privileges Are Implemented
Permitted Privilege Set
Inheritable Privilege Set
Limit Privilege Set
Effective Privilege Set
Compatibility Between the Superuser and Privilege Models
Privilege Categories
Programming with Privileges
Privilege Data Types
Privilege Interfaces
setppriv: for Setting Privileges
priv_str_to_set for Mapping Privileges
Privilege Coding Example
Privilege Bracketing in the Superuser Model
Privilege Bracketing in the Least Privilege Model
Guidelines for Developing Privileged Applications
About Authorizations
Chapter 3 Writing PAM Applications and Services
Introduction to the PAM Framework
PAM Service Modules
Changes to PAM Modules in This Release
PAM Library
PAM Authentication Process
Requirements for PAM Consumers
PAM Configuration
Configuring PAM Through /etc/pam.d
Writing Applications That Use PAM Services
A Simple PAM Consumer Example
Other Useful PAM Functions
Writing Conversation Functions
Writing Modules That Provide PAM Services
Requirements for PAM Service Providers
Sample PAM Provider Service Module
Chapter 4 Writing Applications That Use GSS-API
Introduction to GSS-API
Application Portability With GSS-API
Security Services in GSS-API
Available Mechanisms in GSS-API
Remote Procedure Calls With GSS-API
Limitations of GSS-API
Language Bindings for GSS-API
Where to Get More Information on GSS-API
Important Elements of GSS-API
GSS-API Data Types
GSS-API Integers
Strings and Similar Data in GSS-API
Names in GSS-API
Comparing Names in GSS-API
GSS-API OIDs
Mechanisms and QOPs in GSS-API
Name Types in GSS-API
GSS-API Status Codes
GSS-API Tokens
Interprocess Tokens in GSS-API
Developing Applications That Use GSS-API
Generalized GSS-API Usage
Working With Credentials in GSS-API
Acquiring Credentials in GSS-API
Working With Contexts in GSS-API
Initiating a Context in GSS-API
Accepting a Context in GSS-API
Using Other Context Services in GSS-API
Delegating a Credential in GSS-API
Performing Mutual Authentication Between Peers in GSS-API
Performing Anonymous Authentication in GSS-API
Using Channel Bindings in GSS-API
Exporting and Importing Contexts in GSS-API
Obtaining Context Information in GSS-API
Sending Protected Data in GSS-API
Tagging Messages With gss_get_mic
Wrapping Messages With gss_wrap
Handling Wrap Size Issues in GSS-API
Detecting Sequence Problems in GSS-API
Confirming Message Transmission in GSS-API
Cleaning Up a GSS-API Session
Chapter 5 GSS-API Client Example
GSSAPI Client Example Overview
GSSAPI Client Example Structure
Running the GSSAPI Client Example
GSSAPI Client Example: main Function
Opening a Connection With the Server
Establishing a Security Context With the Server
Translating a Service Name into GSS-API Format
Establishing a Security Context for GSS-API
Miscellaneous GSSAPI Context Operations on the Client Side
Wrapping and Sending a Message
Reading and Verifying a Signature Block From a GSS-API Client
Deleting the Security Context
Chapter 6 GSS-API Server Example
GSSAPI Server Example Overview
GSSAPI Server Example Structure
Running the GSSAPI Server Example
GSSAPI Server Example: main Function
Acquiring Credentials
Checking for inetd
Receiving Data From a Client
Accepting a Context
Unwrapping the Message
Signing and Returning the Message
Using the test_import_export_context Function
Cleanup in the GSSAPI Server Example
Chapter 7 Writing Applications That Use SASL
Introduction to Simple Authentication Security Layer (SASL)
SASL Library Basics
SASL Architecture
Security Mechanisms
SASL Security Strength Factor
Communication in SASL
SASL Connection Contexts
Steps in the SASL Cycle
libsasl Initialization
SASL Session Initialization
SASL Authentication
SASL Confidentiality and Integrity
Releasing SASL Sessions
libsasl Cleanup
SASL Example
SASL for Service Providers
SASL Plug-in Overview
Important Structures for SASL Plug-ins
Client Plug-ins
Server Plug-ins
User Canonicalization Plug-ins
Auxiliary Property (auxprop) Plug-ins
SASL Plug-in Development Guidelines
Error Reporting in SASL Plug-ins
Memory Allocation in SASL Plug-ins
Setting the SASL Negotiation Sequence
Chapter 8 Introduction to the Oracle Solaris Cryptographic Framework
Oracle Solaris Cryptography Terminology
Overview of the Cryptographic Framework
Components of the Cryptographic Framework
What Cryptography Developers Need to Know
Requirements for Developers of User-Level Consumers
Requirements for Developers of Kernel-Level Consumers
Chapter 9 Writing User???Level Cryptographic Applications
Overview of the Cryptoki Library
PKCS #11 Function List
Functions for Using PKCS #11
PKCS #11 Functions: C_Initialize
PKCS #11 Functions: C_GetInfo
PKCS #11 Functions: C_GetSlotList
PKCS #11 Functions: C_GetTokenInfo
PKCS #11 Functions: C_OpenSession
PKCS #11 Functions: C_GetMechanismList
Extended PKCS #11 Functions
Extended PKCS #11 Functions: SUNW_C_GetMechSession
Extended PKCS #11 Functions: SUNW_C_KeyToObject
User-Level Cryptographic Application Examples
Message Digest Example
Symmetric Encryption Example
Sign and Verify Example
Random Byte Generation Example
Chapter 10 Introduction to the Oracle Solaris Key Management Framework
Oracle Solaris Key Management Framework Features
Oracle Solaris Key Management Framework Components
KMF Key Management Tool
KMF Policy Enforcement Mechanisms
KMF Application Programming Interfaces
Oracle Solaris Key Management Framework Example Application
KMF Headers and Libraries
KMF Basic Data Types
KMF Application Results Verification
Complete KMF Application Source Code
Appendix A Secure Coding Guidelines for Developers
Appendix B Sample C???Based GSS-API Programs
Client-Side Application
Server-Side Application
Miscellaneous GSS-API Sample Functions
Appendix C GSS-API Reference
GSS-API Functions
Functions From Previous Versions of GSS-API
Functions for Manipulating OIDs
Renamed Functions
GSS-API Status Codes
GSS-API Major Status Code Values
Displaying Status Codes
Status Code Macros
GSS-API Data Types and Values
Basic GSS-API Data Types
OM_uint32
gss_buffer_desc
gss_OID_desc
gss_OID_set_desc
gss_channel_bindings_struct
Name Types
Address Types for Channel Bindings
Implementation-Specific Features in GSS-API
Oracle Solaris-Specific Functions
Human-Readable Name Syntax
Format of Anonymous Names
Implementations of Selected Data Types
Deletion of Contexts and Stored Data
Protection of Channel-Binding Information
Context Exportation and Interprocess Tokens
Types of Credentials Supported
Credential Expiration
Context Expiration
Wrap Size Limits and QOP Values
Use of minor_status Parameter
Kerberos v5 Status Codes
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 1
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 2
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 3
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 4
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 5
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 6
Messages Returned in Kerberos v5 for Status Code 7
Appendix D Specifying an OID
Files with OID Values
/etc/gss/mech File
/etc/gss/qop File
gss_str_to_oid Function
Constructing Mechanism OIDs
createMechOid Function
Specifying a Non-Default Mechanism
Appendix E Source Code for SASL Example
SASL Client Example
SASL Server Example
Common Code
Appendix F SASL Reference Tables
SASL Interface Summaries
Appendix G Security Considerations When Using C Functions
Glossary
Index
Index A
Index C
Index D
Index E
Index F
Index G
Index H
Index I
Index J
Index K
Index L
Index M
Index N
Index O
Index P
Index Q
Index R
Index S
Index T
Index U
Index V
Index W
Language:
English
Writing Applications That Use PAM Services
This section provides a sample application that uses several PAM functions.
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