Oracle Maps is the name for a suite of technologies for developing high-performance interactive web-based mapping applications. Oracle Maps is included with the map visualization component.
This chapter contains the following major sections:
The Oracle Maps JavaScript client is a browser-based map visualization engine that works on top of the map tile server and that uses HTML5 technology. It implements the following functions:
Fetching map tiles from the map tile server and displaying them as a map tile layer in the web browser.
Controlling user interaction, such as dragging for map navigation, clicking features, drawing rectangles, and redlining.
Drawing a rectangle refers to the application user creating a rectangle by clicking and holding the mouse button at one corner of the rectangle, dragging the mouse to the diagonally opposite corner, and releasing the mouse button.
Redlining refers to the application user creating a polygon or polyline by clicking the mouse button and then moving the mouse and clicking multiple times, with each click extending the redline by a straight line. (Redline drawings are often rendered in red, although you can specify a line style that uses any color.)
To access these functions, use the JavaScript API, which consists of several JavaScript classes. For detailed information about all classes in the Oracle Maps JavaScript API ), see the Javadoc-style reference documentation, which is included in the mvdemo.ear file and is available at the following location: http://host:port/mvdemo/api/oracle_maps_html5_api.jsp
Tutorials and demos for the API are available as a standalone packaged application with the root context path /mvdemo. The tutorials start with the basics (display a map tile layer, add a navigation panel, display interactive features and information windows) and move on to more complex topics such as registering event listeners, programmatically creating and using styles, and spatial filtering.
The tutorials are all based on the MVDEMO sample data set (available from the map visualization component page on the Oracle Technology Network) and assume a data source named mvdemo. The tutorial page has three panels. The left one lists the sample code, or demo, titles. Click on one and a map, or the result of executing that sample code, is displayed in the top right panel. The bottom panel has tabs titled JavaScript and HTML, which respectively show the JavaScript and HTML code fragments for the selected demo.
The Oracle Maps JavaScript API takes advantage of the capabilities of modern browsers and HTML5. Some of its features include:
Built-in support of various third party map tile services, such as maps.oracle.com, Nokia Maps, Bing Maps, OpenStreet Maps, and other mapping service providers
Rich client side rendering of geospatial data with on-the-fly application of rendering styles and effects such as gradients, animation, and drop-shadows
Autoclustering of large number of points and client side heat map generation
Client side feature filtering based on attribute values as well as spatial predicates (query windows)
A rich set of built-in map controls and tools, including a customizable navigation bar and information windows, configurable layer control, and red-lining and distance measurement tools
Existing server-side predefined styles and themes will work with the API. For example, the following code snippet creates an interactive vector layer based on a predefined theme mvdemo.customers, which has an associated predefined style:
var baseURL = "http://"+document.location.host+"/mapviewer";
var layer = new OM.layer.VectorLayer("layer1",
{
def:{
type:OM.layer.VectorLayer.TYPE_PREDEFINED,
dataSource:"mvdemo",
theme:"customers",
url: baseURL
}
});
The API has the following top-level classes and subpackages, all of which are in the namespace OM:
The Map class is the main class of the API.
The Feature class represents individual geo features.
The MapContext class a top-level class encapsulating some essential contextual information, such as the current map center point and zoom level. It is typically passed into event listeners.
The control package contains all the map controls, such as navigation bar and overview map.
The event package contains all the map and layer event classes.
The filter package contains all the client-side filters (spatial or relational) for selecting, or subsetting, the displayed vector layer features.
The geometry package contains various geometry classes.
The layer package contains various tile and vector layer classes. The tile layer classes include access to a few online map services such as Oracle, Nokia, Bing, and OpenStreetMap. The vector layers are interactive feature layers.
The infowindow package contains the customizable information windows and their styles.
The style package contains styles applicable to vector data on the client side. It also includes visual effects such as animation, gradients, and drop shadows.
The tool package contains various map tools such as for distance measuring, red-lining, and geometry drawing.
The universe package contains built-in, or predefined, map universes. A map universe defines the bounding box and set of zoom level definitions for the map content.
The util package contains various utility classes.
The visualfilter package provides an interface for the various visual effects, such as gradients and drop shadows.
OM.Map is the main entry class for all map operations inside the web browser. This and other classes provide interfaces for adding application-specific logic, operations, and interactivity in web mapping applications. The application logic and operations can include the following:
Create a map client instance and associate it with the map container DIV object created in the web page.
Configure map parameters such as map center and map zoom level.
Optionally, create and manipulate map tile layers. A map tile layer is not required. An application can have only interactive vector layers using a custom Universe that programmatically defines the zoom levels and scales.
Create and manipulate vector layers.
Display an information window on the map.
Create fixed map decorations, such as a map title, a copyright note, and map controls.
Access built-in utilities such as a navigation panel, rectangle or circle tool, scale bar, and overview map panel.
Use event listeners to customize event handling and thus map interactions.
Other notes and considerations on using the Oracle Maps API:
The "FOI server" in a previous version of the API is now a data server that streams the vector geometries and attributes for features to the client for local rendering. Therefore, the "FOI layers" in a previous version are now called vector layers.
A background map tile layer is not required in order to display interactive vector layers. For example, an application can display a thematic map of states (such as color-filled by population quintile) with no background tile layer.
The API depends on and includes JQuery and JQueryUI. So, oraclemapsv2.js includes jquery-1.7.2.min.js and jquery-ui-1.8.16.min.js. If your application also uses JQuery and JQueryUI and includes them already, then use the file oraclemapsv2_core.js in the <script> tag instead to load the Oracle Maps library. That is, use the following:
<script src="/mapviewer/jslib/v2/oraclemapsv2_core.js"></script>
instead of:
<script src="/mapviewer/jslib/v2/oraclemapsv2.js"></script>
For information about developing applications using the API, see Section 4.2 and the Oracle-supplied tutorials and demos.
If the underlying base map and layers are managed in an Oracle database, each map tile layer displayed in the client application must have a corresponding database metadata entry in the USER_SDO_CACHED_MAPS metadata view (described in Section 2.9.4) . Similarly, if an interactive layer is based on database content, it must have a metadata entry in the USER_SDO_THEMES view (described in Section 2.9, especially Section 2.9.2). These tile and interactive layers, and the styles and styling rules for them, can be defined using the Map Builder tool (described in Chapter 5).
To develop Oracle Maps applications using the API, follow these basic steps:
Import the oraclemapsv2.js library.
The API is provided in a single JavaScript library packaged as part of the map visualization component EAR archive.
After the map visualization component is deployed and started, load the library through a <script> tag, for example:
<script type="text/javascript" url="http://localhost:8080/mapviewer/jslib/v2/oraclemapsv2.js"/>
Create a <DIV> tag in the HTML page, which will contain the interactive map.
Create a client-side map instance that will handle all map display functions.
The class is named OM.Map and is the main entry point of the API.
Set up a map universe (unless you also do the optional next step).
A map universe basically defines the overall map extent, the number of zoom levels, and optionally the resolution (in map units per pixel) at each zoom level. Note that a predefined tile layer is not necessary in order to display interactive vector layers or themes. For example, an interactive thematic map of sales by region does not need to have a background map, or tile layer.
(Optional) Add a tile layer that serves as the background map.
The tile layer can be from the database, such as mvdemo.demo_map, or from a supported service, such as Nokia Maps. Adding a tile layer also implicitly defines a map universe, and therefore the preceding step (setting up a map universe) is not necessary in this case.
Add one or more interactive vector layers.
OM.VectorLayer uses HTML5 (Canvas or SVG) technology to render all the data in the browser. So, unless specified otherwise, all vector layer content is loaded once and there are no subsequent database queries, or data fetching, on map zoom or pan operations.
Add one or more map controls, tools, and other application-specific UI controls so that users can set the displayed layers, styling, and visual effects.
If you need to prevent themes from being streamed by default, you must protect them is by adding authentication, that is, by adding a security constraint in the map visualization component web.xml file and by configuring the mds.xml file to authorize access to various themes. For information, see Section 1.5.2.14, "Configuring and Securing the Map Data Server for the HTML5 API".
For detailed instructions and related information about using the API, see the Oracle-supplied tutorials and demos.
Related subtopic:
Oracle Maps applications run inside web browsers and require only HTML5 (Canvas) support and JavaScript enabled. No additional plugins are required.
The source for an Oracle Maps application is typically packaged in an HTML page, which consists of the following parts:
A <script> element that loads the Oracle Maps client library into the browser's JavaScript engine. For example:
<script src="/mapviewer/jslib/v2/oraclemapsv2.js"></script>
An HTML <div> element that will contain the map. For example:
<div id="map" style="width: 600px; height: 500px"></div>
JavaScript code that creates the map client instance and sets the initial map content (tile and vector layer), the initial center and zoom, and map controls. This code should be packaged inside a function which is executed when the HTML page is loaded or ready. The function is specified in the onload attribute of the <body> element of the HTML page. For example:
function on_load_mapview()
{
var baseURL = "http://"+document.location.host+"/mapviewer";
// Create an OM.Map instance to display the map
var mapview = new OM.Map(document.getElementById("map"),
{
mapviewerURL:baseURL
});
// Add a map tile layer as background.
var tileLayer = new OM.layer.TileLayer(
"baseMap",
{
dataSource:"mvdemo",
tileLayer:"demo_map",
tileServerURL:baseURL+"/mcserver"
});
mapview.addLayer(tileLayer);
// Set the initial map center and zoom level
var mapCenterLon = -122.45;
var mapCenterLat = 37.7706;
var mapZoom = 4;
var mpoint = new OM.geometry.Point(mapCenterLon,mapCenterLat,8307);
mapview.setMapCenter(mpoint);
mapview.setMapZoomLevel(mapZoom);
// Add a theme-based FOI layer to display customers on the map
customersLayer = new OM.layer.VectorLayer("customers",
{
def:
{
type:OM.layer.VectorLayer.TYPE_PREDEFINED,
dataSource:"mvdemo", theme:"customers",
url: baseURL,
loadOnDemand: false
}
});
mapview.addLayer(customersLayer);
// Add a navigation panel on the right side of the map
var navigationPanelBar = new OM.control.NavigationPanelBar();
navigationPanelBar.setStyle(
{backgroundColor:"#FFFFFF",buttonColor:"#008000",size:12});
mapview.addMapDecoration(navigationPanelBar);
// Add a scale bar
var mapScaleBar = new OM.control.ScaleBar();
mapview.addMapDecoration(mapScaleBar);
// Display the map.
// The initialization and display is done just once.
mapview.init();
}
Additional HTML elements and JavaScript code that implement other application-specific user interface and control logic. For example, the HTML <input> element and JavaScript function setLayerVisible together implement a layer visibility control. The setLayerVisible function is coded as follows:
function setLayerVisible(checkBox)
{
// Show the customers vector layer if the check box is checked and
// hide it otherwise.
if(checkBox.checked)
customersLayer.setVisible(true) ;
else
customersLayer.setVisible(false);
}
The function is specified in the onclick attribute of the <input> element defining the checkbox. In the following example, the function is executed whenever the user clicks on the Show Customers check box:
<INPUT TYPE="checkbox" onclick="setLayerVisible(this)" checked/>Show Customers
Applications can display Google Maps tiles or Microsoft Bing Maps tiles as a built-in map tile layer, by creating and adding to the map window an instance of MVGoogleTileLayer or MVBingTileLayer, respectively. Internally, the Oracle Maps client uses the official Google Maps or Bing Maps API to display the map that is directly served by the Google Maps or Microsoft Bing Maps server.
To use the Google Maps tiles, your usage of the tiles must meet the terms of service specified by Google (see https://developers.google.com/readme/terms).
To use the Bing Maps tiles, you must get a Bing Maps account. Your usage must meet the licensing requirement specified by Microsoft (see http://www.microsoft.com/maps/).
If you need to overlay your own spatial data on top of the Google Maps or Microsoft Bing Maps tile layer, see also Section 4.4, "Transforming Data to a Spherical Mercator Coordinate System".)
The following sections describe the two options for using built-in map tile layers:
Section 4.3.1, "Defining Google Maps and Bing Maps Tile Layers on the Client Side"
Section 4.3.2, "Defining the Built-In Map Tile Layers on the Server Side"
To define a built-in map tile layer on the client side, you need to create a MVGoogleTileLayer or MVBingTileLayer object, and add it to the MVMapView object. (As of Oracle Fusion Middleware Release 11.1.1.6, MVGoogleTileLayer uses the Google Maps Version 3 API by default, and MVBingTileLayer uses the Bing Maps Version 7 API by default.)
For example, to use Google tiles, add the Google tile layer to your map:
mapview = new MVMapView(document.getElementById("map"), baseURL);
tileLayer = new MVGoogleTileLayer() ;
mapview.addMapTileLayer(tileLayer);
In your application, you can invoke the method MVGoogleTileLayer.setMapType or MVBingTileLayer.setMapType to set the map type to be one of the types supported by the map providers, such as road, satellite, or hybrid.
For usage examples and more information, see the JavaScript API documentation for MVGoogleTileLayer and MVBingTileLayer, and the tutorial demos Built-in Google Maps Tile Layer and Built-in Bing Maps Tile Layer.
You can define a built=-in map tile layer on the server side and use it as a regular map visualization component tile layer on the client side. To define a built-in map tile layer on the server side, follow these steps:
Log into the map visualization component administration page (explained in Section 1.5.1).
Select the Manage Map Tile Layers tab and click Create.
When you are asked to select the type of map source, choose Google Maps or Bing Maps and click Continue.
Select the data source where the tile layer is to be defined.
Set the license key that you have obtained from the map provider.
Click Submit to create the tile layer.
After you have created the built-in map tile layer on the server side, you can use it like any other tile layer served by MapViewer. You do not need to add any <script> tag to load the external JavaScript library.
The following example shows a Bing Maps tile layer defined on the server side:
mapview = new MVMapView(document.getElementById("map"), baseURL);
// The Bing tile layer is defined in data source "mvdemo".
tileLayer = new MVMapTileLayer("mvdemo.BING_MAP") ;
mapview.addMapTileLayer(tileLayer);
In your application, you can invoke the method MVMapTileLayer.setMapType to set the map type to be one of the types supported by the map providers, such as road, satellite, or hybrid.
Popular online map services such as Google Maps and Microsoft Bing Maps use a spherical Mercator projection for their maps. If you are using an Oracle Database release earlier than 11.1.0.7, and if you need to overlay your own spatial data on top of such a tile layer, such as a Google Maps or Microsoft Bing Maps tile layer, you must set up the database to properly handle coordinate system transformation between the coordinate system of that tile layer and your own data coordinate system, if the two coordinate systems are not the same.
Note:
To perform the actions in this section, your database must be Release 10.2.0.1 or later.Google Maps uses a Spherical Mercator coordinate system (EPSG: 3785), which is also widely used among commercial API providers such as Yahoo! Maps and Microsoft Bing Maps. This coordinate system (SRID 3785) was not provided with Oracle Spatial and Graph before Release 11.1.0.7. In order to enable the map visualization componentthe map visualization component and Oracle Spatial and Graph to transform your own data to this coordinate system, you must first add this coordinate system definition into your Oracle database if it is not already defined.
To check if this coordinate system is defined, you can enter the following statement:
SELECT srid FROM mdsys.cs_srs WHERE srid=3785;
If the preceding statement returns a row, you do not need to perform the actions in this section. If the preceding statement does not return a row, you must perform the actions in this section in order to be able to overlay your own spatial data on top of the tile layer.
Follow these steps:
Connect to the database as a privileged user, such as one with the DBA role.
Run the csdefinition.sql script, as follows. (Replace $MAPVIEWER_HOME with the root directory of the WebLogic Server instance where your MapViewer is deployed, and enter the command on a single line.)
Linux: $MAPVIEWER_HOME/j2ee/home/applications/mapviewer/web/WEB-INF/admin/csdefinition.sql
Windows: $MAPVIEWER_HOME\j2ee\home\applications\mapviewer\web\WEB-INF\admin\csdefinition.sql
If necessary, create a transformation rule to cause Oracle Spatial and Graph to skip datum conversion when transforming data from a specified coordinate system to the Spherical Mercator system. To find out if you need to create such a transformation rule, see Section 4.4.1.
Either pre-transform your spatial data for better performance, or let the map visualization component transform the data at runtime ("on the fly"). Note that if your database release is earlier than 10.2.0.4, pre-transforming is the only option.
To pre-transform all your data into the Spherical Mercator coordinate system, use the SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER procedure on all the data, and use the transformed data for mapping. (See the SDO_CS.TRANSFORM_LAYER reference section in Oracle Spatial and Graph Developer's Guide.)
To let the map visualization component transform the data at runtime, do not transform the data before using it for mapping.
Spatial data is often in a coordinate system based on an ellipsoid datum, such as WGS84 or BNG. In such cases, Oracle Spatial and Graph by default applies datum conversion when transforming the data into the Spherical Mercator system. This will introduce a small amount of mismatch or error between your data and the Google Maps other map service tiles. If you want to address this issue, you can create transformation rules that tell Oracle Spatial and Graph to skip datum conversion when transforming data from a specified coordinate system to the Spherical Mercator system.
Example 4-1 shows SQL statements that are included in the csdefinition.sql script and that create such transformations rules. However, if the coordinate system of your spatial data is not covered by the rules shown in Example 4-1, you can create your own rule if the coordinate system of your data is not covered by these rules. (For more information about creating coordinate system transformation rules, see Oracle Spatial and Graph Developer's Guide.)
Example 4-1 Transformation Rules Defined in the csdefinition.sql Script
-- Create the tfm_plans, that is, the transformation rules. -- Note: This will result in an incorrect conversion since it ignores a datum -- datum between the ellipsoid and the sphere. However, the data will match -- up better on Google Maps. -- For wgs84 (8307) call sdo_cs.create_pref_concatenated_op( 83073785, 'CONCATENATED OPERATION 8307 3785', TFM_PLAN(SDO_TFM_CHAIN(8307, 1000000000, 4055, 19847, 3785)), NULL); -- For 4326, EPSG equivalent of 8307 call sdo_cs.create_pref_concatenated_op( 43263785, 'CONCATENATED_OPERATION_4326_3785', TFM_PLAN(SDO_TFM_CHAIN(4326, 1000000000, 4055, 19847, 3785)), NULL); -- For OS BNG, Oracle SRID 81989 call sdo_cs.create_pref_concatenated_op( 819893785, 'CONCATENATED OPERATION 81989 3785', TFM_PLAN(SDO_TFM_CHAIN(81989, -19916, 2000021, 1000000000, 4055, 19847, 3785)), NULL); -- For 27700, EPSG equivalent of 81989 call sdo_cs.create_pref_concatenated_op( 277003785, 'CONCATENATED_OPERATION_27700_3785', TFM_PLAN(SDO_TFM_CHAIN(27700, -19916, 4277, 1000000000, 4055, 19847, 3785)), NULL); commit;