To develop a Java application that connects to Oracle Database XE, you must ensure that certain components are installed as required. This chapter covers the following topics:
To be able to develop the sample application, you need to install the following products and components:
The following subsections describe these requirements in detail.
To develop the Java application, you need a working installation of Oracle Database XE Server with the HR schema, which comes with the database. The installation creates an instance of Oracle Database XE and provides additional tools for managing this database. For more information, refer to the following Oracle Database XE installation guides and release notes:
Oracle Database Express Edition Installation Guide for Linux x86-64
Oracle Database Express Edition Installation Guide for Microsoft Windows
The HR user account, which owns the sample HR schema used for the Java application in this guide, is initially locked. You must log in as a user with administrative privileges (SYS) and unlock the account before you can log in as HR.
If the database is locally installed, use the Run SQL Command Line to unlock the account as follows:
To access the Run SQL Command Line, from the Start menu, select Programs (or All Programs), then Oracle Database 11g Express Edition, and then click Run SQL Command Line. Log in as a user with DBA privileges, for example:
> CONNECT SYS AS SYSDBA;
Enter password: password
Run the following command:
> ALTER USER HR ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
or,
> ALTER USER HR IDENTIFIED BY HR;
Test the connection as follows:
> CONNECT HR
Enter password: password
You should see a message indicating that you have connected to the database.
Note:
For information about creating and using secure passwords with Oracle Database XE, refer to Oracle Database Security Guide.In addition, some of the constraints and triggers present in the HR schema are not in line with the scope of the Java application created in this guide. You must remove these constraints and triggers as follows using the following SQL statements:
DROP TRIGGER HR.UPDATE_JOB_HISTORY; DROP TRIGGER HR.SECURE_EMPLOYEES; DELETE FROM JOB_HISTORY;
To create and compile Java applications, you need the full Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition, Software Development Kit (J2SE SDK), formerly known as the Java Development Kit (JDK). You also need the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).
Note:
Oracle Database XE does not support JDK 1.2, JDK 1.3, JDK 1.4, and all classes12*.* files. The oracle.jdbc.driver.* classes, the ojdbc4.jar file, and the OracleConnectionCacheImpl class are no longer supported or available.
You must use the ojdbc5.jar and the ojbc6.jar files with JDK 5.n and JDK 6.n, respectively.
See Also:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html for information about installing Javahttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/overview-141217.html for information about the JDBC API
For ease in developing the application, you can choose to develop your application in an integrated development environment (IDE). This guide uses Oracle JDeveloper to create the files for this application. For more information about installing JDeveloper, refer to Installing Oracle JDeveloper.
The sample application developed in this guide uses JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology to display information and accept input from users. To deploy these pages, you need a Web server with a servlet and JSP container, such as the Apache Tomcat application server.
This guide uses the embedded server called the Oracle WebLogic Server in JDeveloper for deploying the JSP pages. If you choose not to install Oracle JDeveloper, then any Web server that enables you to deploy JSP pages should suffice.
JDeveloper supports direct deployment to the following production application servers:
For more information about these servers, please refer to vendor-specific documentation.
Oracle Database XE installation is platform-specific. You must verify that the installation was successful before you proceed to create the sample application. This section describes the steps for verifying an Oracle Database XE installation.
Verifying a installation involves the following tasks:
Installing Oracle Java products creates the following directories:
Check if the directories described in Table 2-1 have been created and populated in the ORACLE_HOME directory.
Table 2-1 Directories and Files in the ORACLE_HOME Directory
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
|
|
The |
|
|
This file contains late-breaking and release-specific information about the drivers, which may not have been included in other documentation on the product. |
|
|
This directory contains the |
Note:
These files can also be obtained from the Sun Microsystems Web site. However, it is recommended to use the files supplied by Oracle, which have been tested with the Oracle drivers.This section describes the environment variables that must be set for the JDBC Thin Driver. You must set the classpath for your installed JDBC Thin Driver. For JDK 5, you must set the following values for the CLASSPATH variable:
ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5.jarORACLE_HOME/jlib/orai18n.jarFor JDK 6, you must set the following values for the CLASSPATH variable:
ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc6.jarORACLE_HOME/jlib/orai18n.jarEnsure that there is only one JDBC class file, such as ojdbc6.jar, and one globalization classes file, orai18n.jar, in the CLASSPATH variable.
Starting from Oracle Database XE 11g Release 2, you can get details about the JDBC support in the database as follows:
> java -jar ojdbc6.jar Oracle 11.1.0.0. JDBC 4.0 compiled with JDK6
In addition, you can determine the version of the JDBC driver that you installed by calling the getDriverVersion method of the OracleDatabaseMetaData class.
Note:
The JDBC Thin Driver requires a TCP/IP listener to be running on the computer where the database is installed.Example 2-1 illustrates how to determine the driver version:
Example 2-1 Determining the JDBC Driver Version
import java.sql.*;
import oracle.jdbc.*;
import oracle.jdbc.pool.OracleDataSource;
class JDBCVersion
{
public static void main (String args[]) throws SQLException
{
OracleDataSource ods = new OracleDataSource();
ods.setURL("jdbc:oracle:thin:hr/hr@localhost:1521/XE");
Connection conn = ods.getConnection();
// Create Oracle DatabaseMetaData object
DatabaseMetaData meta = conn.getMetaData();
// gets driver info:
System.out.println("JDBC driver version is " + meta.getDriverVersion());
}
}
In this guide, the integrated development environment (IDE) that is used to create the sample Java application using JDBC is Oracle JDeveloper release 11.1.1. This release of JDeveloper is supported on the Microsoft Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows 2000, Linux, and Mac OS X operating systems. Installation of JDeveloper is described in detail in Installation Guide for Oracle JDeveloper Release 11.1.1.0.0, which is available online on the Oracle Technology Network at
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12839_01/install.1111/e13666/toc.htm
This guide gives a detailed description of the JDeveloper system requirements, and all the details about installing JDeveloper on the supported platforms. You should also read JDeveloper 11g Release Notes, which is available online on the Oracle Technology Network at
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/jdev/overview/index.html
JDeveloper 11.1.1 is available in two editions. The Studio Edition includes Oracle ADF, which is required for developing the master-detail application created in this guide.
You can install either the base installation or the full installation of the JDeveloper Studio Edition. In addition to JDeveloper, the full installation includes the required version of Java, the specialized Oracle Java Virtual Machine for JDeveloper (OJVM), and the online documentation, so the download file size is larger. For quicker downloading, you can install the JDeveloper base installation.
If you are installing the base installation, you must have J2EE version 1.6.0_05 on your system. If you are installing the full installation, then J2EE is included. In outline, the installation process is as follows:
Download JDeveloper version 11.1.1 Studio Edition from the Oracle Technology Network at
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/jdev/downloads/index.html
Download the base installation (jdevjavabase11110.zip), or the full installation (jdevstudio11110install.exe). It is recommended that you download the Studio Edition to avail all features.
To launch the installer for the base installation, enter the following command at the command line:
java -jar jdevstudio11110install.jar
To launch the installer for the full installation, double click jdevstudio11110install.exe and follow the instructions.
Note:
When choosing the Middleware Home directory, ensure that you choose a directory that does not contain spaces. For example, do not useC:\Program Files as the Middleware Home.To change a JDK location that you have previously specified, you have to modify the jdev.conf file. Set the variable SetJavaHome in the file <install_dir>/jdeveloper/jdev/bin/jdev.conf to the location of your Java installation. Here, Middleware Home directory has been represented by <install_dir>.For example, in a UNIX environment, if the location of your JDK is in a directory called /usr/local/java, your entry in jdev.conf would be as follows:
SetJavaHome /usr/local/java
Other tasks that you must perform include setting the permissions for all JDeveloper files to read, and giving all users write and execute permissions to files in a range of JDeveloper directories.
If you are using the base installation, there are some additional setup tasks, such as setting the location of your Java installation in the JDeveloper configuration file, optionally installing OJVM, and downloading the online documentation so that it is locally available.
See Also:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E12839_01/install.1111/e13666/toc.htm for the JDeveloper Installation GuideTo start JDeveloper on Windows, click Start, select All Programs, then select Oracle Fusion Middleware 11.1.1.4.0 and select JDeveloper Studio 11.1.1.4.0. You can also run the <install_dir>\jdeveloper\jdev\bin\jdevw.exe file. To use a console window for displaying internal diagnostic information, run the jdev.exe file in the same directory instead of jdevw.exe.
To start JDeveloper on other platforms, run the <install_dir>/jdeveloper/jdev/bin/jdev file.