Release 8.1.5 for Windows NT
A68694-01
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Enterprise Edition for Windows NT Getting Started
Release 8.1.5 for Windows NT A68694-01 |
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A file that contains important information about error messages
and exceptions that occur during database operations.
To verify the identity of a user, device, or other entity
in a computer system, often as a prerequisite for allowing access to resources
in a system.
Permission given to a user, program, or process to access
an Oracle database.
A representative copy of data. This copy includes important
parts of your database such as the control file, redo log files, and data
files.
A backup is a safeguard against unexpected data loss; if
you lose your original data, you can use the backup to make the data available
again. A backup is also a safeguard against an application error; if an
application makes incorrect changes, you can restore the backup.
See "net service name".
A file that records the physical structure of a database
and contains the database name, the names and locations of associated databases
and online redo log files, the timestamp of the database creation, the
current log sequence number, and checkpoint information.
A standard that enables distributed objects to communicate
with each other, independent of programming language, operating system,
and location.
A set of read-only tables that provide information about
a database.
See "net service name".
To transform an installed version of an Oracle database from
a later release back into an earlier release.
An executable file that a Windows application can load when
needed.
A server-side component model for Java.
A function written in a third-generation language (3GL),
such as C, and callable from within PL/SQL or SQL as if it were a PL/SQL
function or procedure.
Represents a unique registry subkey for each Oracle home
directory in which you install products. A new HOMEID is created
and incremented each time you install products to a different Oracle home
directory on one computer. Each HOMEID contains its own configuration
parameter settings for installed Oracle products.
Represents the name of an Oracle home.
In release 8.1.5, all Oracle homes have a unique
HOME_NAME.
An ASCII text file that contains information needed to initialize
a database and instance.
Every running Oracle database is associated with an Oracle
instance. When a database is started on a database server (regardless of
the type of computer), Oracle allocates a memory area called the System
Global Area (SGA) and starts one or more Oracle processes. This combination
of the SGA and the Oracle processes is called an instance. The memory and
processes of an instance manage the associated database's data efficiently
and serve the one or more users of the database.
Producing a more defined version of some object by replacing
variables with values (or other variables).
In object-oriented programming, producing a particular object
from its class template. This involves allocation of a structure with the
types specified by the template, and initialization of instance variables
with either default values or those provided by the constructor function
of the class.
A standard that enables Object Request Brokers (ORBs) from
different vendors to communicate with each other using TCP/IP.
The server process that listens for and accepts incoming
connection requests from client applications. Oracle listener processes
start up Oracle database processes to handle subsequent communications
with the client.
A configuration file that describes one or more Transparent
Network Substrate (TNS) listeners on a server.
An application that serves as a host for administrative tools
called snap-ins. By itself, Microsoft Management Console does not provide
any functionality.
A COM-based transaction processing system that runs on an
Internet or network server.
To transform an installed version of an Oracle database into
a later version. The term is also used in this guide to refer to the transformation
of a Microsoft Access database to an Oracle database. Compare with "upgrade".
To associate an instance with a database
that has been started.
The capability of having more than one Oracle
home on a computer.
The Oracle architecture that ensures that database utilities,
error messages, sort order, date, time, monetary, numeric, and calendar
conventions automatically adapt to the native language and locale.
The name used by clients to identify a Net8 server. A net
service name is mapped to a port number and protocol. Also known as a connect
string, database alias, or service name.
The Oracle network interface that enables Oracle tools running
on network workstations and servers to access, modify, share, and store
data on other servers.
A listener on a server that listens for connection requests
for one or more databases on one or more protocols. See
"listener".
In an Oracle application network, a service performs tasks
for its service consumers. For example, a Names Server provides name resolution
services for clients.
See "National Language Support (NLS)".
A software component that serves as the middleware between
distributed objects. The distributed objects must comply with the Common
Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard.
A set of file naming and placement guidelines for Oracle
software and databases.
An application programming interface that enables you to
manipulate data and schemas in an Oracle database. You compile and link
an Oracle Call Interface program in the same way that you compile and link
a non-database application. There is no need for a separate preprocessing
or precompilation step.
Corresponds to the environment in which Oracle products run.
This environment includes the location of installed product files, the
PATH variable pointing to the products' binary files, registry entries,
net service names, and program groups.
If you install an OFA-compliant database, using Oracle Universal
Installer defaults, Oracle home (known as \ORACLE_HOME in this guide)
is located beneath X:\ORACLE_BASE. It contains subdirectories for
Oracle software executables and network files. If you install Oracle8i
Enterprise Edition on a clean computer and use the default settings, the
first Oracle home directory you create is called \ORA81.
A product that maps the functions of a given network protocol
into Oracle Transparent Network Substrate (TNS) architecture. This process
translates TNS function calls into requests to the underlying network protocol.
This allows TNS to act as an interface among all protocols. Net8 requires
Oracle protocol support.
A service that is associated with
an Oracle database.
Oracle base, known as ORACLE_BASE in this guide, is
the root of the Oracle directory tree.
If you install an OFA-compliant database using Oracle Universal
Installer defaults, ORACLE_BASE is X:\ORACLE where X
is any hard drive (for example, C:\ORACLE).
Oracle Corporation's procedural language extension to SQL.
PL/SQL enables you to mix SQL statements with procedural
constructs. You can define and execute PL/SQL program units such as procedures,
functions, and packages.
A programming tool that enables you to embed SQL statements
in a high-level source program.
A right to execute a particular type of SQL statement or
to access another user's object.
A "thread of control" or a mechanism in an operating system
that can execute a series of steps. (Some operating systems use the terms
job or task.) A process normally has its own private memory area in which
it runs.
A limit on a resource, such as a limit on the amount of database
storage used by a database user. A database administrator can set tablespace
quotas for each Oracle user name.
A portion of a physical disk that is accessed at the lowest
possible level.
To restore a physical backup is to reconstruct it
and make it available to the Oracle server. To recover a restored
backup is to update it using redo records (that is, records of changes
made to the database after the backup was taken). Recovering a backup involves
two distinct operations: rolling forward the backup to a more current time
by applying redo data, and rolling back all changes made in uncommitted
transactions to their original state.
A file that contains a record of all changes made to data
in the database buffer cache. If an instance failure occurs, the redo log
files are used to recover the modified data that was in memory.
A circular buffer in the System Global
Area (SGA) that contains information about changes made to the database.
A Windows repository that stores configuration information
for a computer.
A computer on a network other than the local computer.
A database on a computer other than the local database. The
computer is usually on the same network, but on a different node.
The process of copying and maintaining database objects in
multiple databases that make up a distributed database system.
A named group of related privileges. You can grant a role
to users or other roles.
A named collection of objects, such as tables, views, clusters,
procedures, and packages, associated with a particular user.
An executable process installed in the Windows NT registry
and administered by Windows NT. Once a service is created and started,
it can run even when no user is logged on to the computer.
See "net service name".
See "system identifier (SID)".
An administrative tool that runs within Microsoft
Management Console.
(1) Information stored in rollback segments to provide transaction
recovery and read consistency. Rollback segment information can be used
to recreate a snapshot of a row before an update.
(2) A read-only copy of a master table located on a remote
node. Snapshots can be queried, but not updated; only the master table
can be updated. Snapshots are periodically refreshed to reflect changes
made to the master table.
A preconfigured, ready-to-use database that requires minimal
user input to create.
An alias for a table, view, sequence, or program unit. A
synonym is not actually an object itself; rather, it is a direct reference
to its base object.
A special database administration role that contains all
system privileges with the ADMIN OPTION, and the SYSOPER system privilege.
SYSDBA also permits CREATE DATABASE actions and time-based recovery.
A special database administration role that permits a database
administrator to perform STARTUP, SHUTDOWN, ALTER DATABASE OPEN/MOUNT,
ALTER DATABASE BACKUP, ARCHIVE LOG, and RECOVER, and includes the RESTRICTED
SESSION privilege.
A group of shared memory structures that contain data and
control information for an Oracle instance.
A unique name for an Oracle instance.
To switch between Oracle databases, users must specify the desired SID.
The SID is included in the CONNECT DATA parts of the connect descriptors
in a TNSNAMES.ORA file, and in the definition of the network listener in
a LISTENER.ORA file.
One of two standard DBA user names automatically created
with each database. (The other user name is SYS.) SYSTEM is created with
an initial password of MANAGER. The SYSTEM user name is the preferred user
name for DBAs to use for database maintenance.
A database is divided into one or more logical storage units
called tablespaces. Tablespaces are divided into logical units of storage
called segments, which are further divided into extents.
A path of execution within a process.
A file that contains connect descriptors mapped to net service
names. The file may be maintained centrally or locally, for use by all
or individual clients.
Each server and background process
can write to an associated trace file. When a process detects an internal
error, it dumps information about the error to its trace file. Some of
the information written to a trace file is intended for the database administrator,
while other information is intended for Oracle Support Services. Trace
file information is also used to tune applications and instances.
To transform an installed version of an Oracle database release
into another release of the same version. Compare with
"migrate".
A name that can connect to and access objects in a database.
A tailored presentation of the data in one or more tables
(or other views).
