This chapter describes how to configure Oracle Net Services. It contains the following sections:
See Also:
Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle Net ServicesOracle Net Services configuration files are typically, but not always, located in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
directory. Depending on the type of file, Oracle Net uses a different search order to locate the file.
The search order for the sqlnet.ora
and ldap.ora
files is as follows:
The directory specified by the TNS_ADMIN
environment variable, if this environment variable is set
The $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
directory
The search order for the cman.ora
, listener.ora
, and tnsnames.ora
files is as follows:
The directory specified by the TNS_ADMIN
environment variable, if this environment variable is set
One of the following directories:
On Solaris:
/var/opt/oracle
On other platforms:
/etc
The $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
directory
For some system-level configuration files, users may have a corresponding user-level configuration file stored in their home directory. The settings in the user-level file override the settings in the system-level file. The following table lists the system-level configuration files and the corresponding user-level configuration files.
System-Level Configuration File | User-Level Configuration File |
---|---|
sqlnet.ora |
$HOME/.sqlnet.ora |
tnsnames.ora |
$HOME/.tnsnames.ora |
The $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/samples
directory contains samples of the cman.ora
, listener.ora
, sqlnet.ora
, and tnsnames.ora
configuration files.
Note:
Thecman.ora
file is installed only if you select Connection Manager as part of a custom installation.Use the adapters
utility to display the transport protocols, naming methods, and Oracle Advanced Security options that Oracle Database supports on your system. To use the adapters
utility, run the following commands:
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ adapters ./oracle
On an Oracle Database Client system, the adapters
utility displays output similar to the following:
Oracle Net transport protocols linked with ./oracle are IPC BEQ TCP/IP SSL RAW Oracle Net naming methods linked with ./oracle are: Local Naming (tnsnames.ora) Oracle Directory Naming Oracle Host Naming NIS Naming Oracle Advanced Security options linked with ./oracle are: RC4 40-bit encryption RC4 128-bit encryption RC4 256-bit encryption DES40 40-bit encryption DES 56-bit encryption 3DES 112-bit encryption 3DES 168-bit encryption AES 128-bit encryption AES 192-bit encryption SHA crypto-checksumming (for FIPS) SHA-1 crypto-checksumming Kerberos v5 authentication RADIUS authentication ENTRUST authentication
See Also:
Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about theadapters
utilityOracle protocol support is a component of Oracle Net. It includes the following:
The IPC, TCP/IP, and TCP/IP with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol supports each have an address specification that is used in Oracle Net Services configuration files and in the DISPATCHER
initialization parameter. The following sections describe the address specifications for each of the protocol supports.
See Also:
On HP-UX (PA-RISC) and Tru64 UNIX systems, you can use DCE as an Oracle Net protocol, if it is installed. For more information about configuring the DCE protocol support, refer to Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide
Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle protocol support
The IPC protocol support can be used only when the client program and Oracle Database are installed on the same system. This protocol support requires a listener. It is installed and linked to all client tools and the oracle
executable.
The IPC protocol support requires an address specification in the following format:
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=key))
The following table describes the parameters used in this address specification.
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
PROTOCOL | The protocol to be used. The value is IPC. It is not case-sensitive. |
KEY | Any name that is different from any other name used for an IPC KEY on the same system. |
The following is a sample IPC protocol address:
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC))
TCP/IP is the standard communication protocol used for client/server communication over a network. The TCP/IP protocol support enables communication between client programs and Oracle Database, whether they are installed on the same or different systems. If the TCP/IP protocol is installed on your system, then the TCP/IP protocol support is installed and linked to all client tools and to the oracle
executable.
The TCP/IP protocol support requires an address specification in the following format:
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hostname)(PORT=port))
The following table describes the parameters used in this address specification.
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
PROTOCOL | The protocol support to be used. The value is TCP. It is not case-sensitive. |
HOST | The host name or the host IP address. |
PORT | The TCP/IP port. Specify the port as either a number or the alias name mapped to the port in the /etc/services file. Oracle recommends a value of 1521. |
The following is a sample TCP/IP protocol address:
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=MADRID)(PORT=1521))
The TCP/IP with SSL protocol support enables an Oracle application on a client to communicate with remote Oracle Database instances through TCP/IP and SSL. To use TCP/IP with SSL, you must install Oracle Advanced Security.
The TCP/IP with SSL protocol support requires an address specification in the following format:
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=TCPS)(HOST=hostname)(PORT=port))
The following table describes the parameters used in this address specification.
Parameter | Description |
---|---|
PROTOCOL | The protocol to be used. The value is TCPS. It is not case-sensitive. |
HOST | The host name or the host IP address. |
PORT | The TCP/IP with SSL port. Specify the port as either a number or the alias name mapped to the port in the /etc/services file. Oracle recommends a value of 2484. |
The following is a sample TCP/IP with SSL protocol address:
(ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=TCPS)(HOST=MADRID)(PORT=2484))
Oracle recommends that you reserve a port for the listener in the /etc/services
file of each Oracle Net Services node on the network. The default port is 1521. The entry lists the listener name and the port number. For example:
oraclelistener 1521/tcp
In this example, oraclelistener
is the name of the listener as defined in the listener.ora
file. Reserve more than one port if you intend to start more than one listener.
If you intend to use SSL, then you should define a port for TCP/IP with SSL in the /etc/services
file. Oracle recommends a value of 2484. For example:
oraclelistenerssl 2484/tcps
In this example, oraclelistenerssl
is the name of the listener as defined in the listener.ora
file. Reserve more than one port if you intend to start more than one listener.
When you install Oracle Advanced Security, three .bak
files are created: naeet.o.bak
, naect.o.bak
, and naedhs.o.bak
. These files are located in the $ORACLE_HOME/lib
directory. They are required for relinking if you decide to remove Oracle Advanced Security. Do not delete them.