This chapter discusses the executables shipped with Oracle Text. The following topics are discussed:
Use ctxload
to do the following with a thesaurus:
import a thesaurus file into the Oracle Text thesaurus tables.
export a loaded thesaurus to a user-specified operating-system file.
An import file is an ASCII flat file that contains entries for synonyms, broader terms, narrower terms, or related terms which can be used to expand queries.
See Also: For examples of import files for thesaurus importing, see "Structure of ctxload Thesaurus Import File" in Appendix C, "Text Loading Examples for Oracle Text". |
The ctxload
program no longer supports the loading of text columns. To load files to a text column in batch, Oracle recommends that you use SQL*Loader.
ctxload -user username[/password][@sqlnet_address] -name object_name -file file_name [-thes] [-thescase y|n] [-thesdump] [-log file_name] [-trace] [-pk] [-export] [-update]
Specify the user name and password of the user running ctxload.
The user name and password can be followed immediately by @sqlnet_address to permit logon to remote databases. The value for sqlnet_address is a database connect string. If the TWO_TASK
environment variable is set to a remote database, you do not have to specify a value for sqlnet_address to connect to the database.
When you use ctxload
to export/import a thesaurus, use object_name to specify the name of the thesaurus to be exported/imported.
You use object_name
to identify the thesaurus in queries that use thesaurus operators.
Note: Thesaurus name must be unique. If the name specified for the thesaurus is identical to an existing thesaurus,ctxload returns an error and does not overwrite the existing thesaurus. |
When you use ctxload
to update/export a text field, use object_name to specify the index associated with the text column.
When ctxload
is used to import a thesaurus, use file_name to specify the name of the import file which contains the thesaurus entries.
When ctxload
is used to export a thesaurus, use file_name to specify the name of the export file created by ctxload
.
Note: If the name specified for the thesaurus dump file is identical to an existing file,ctxload overwrites the existing file. |
Import a thesaurus. Specify the source file with the -file argument. You specify the name of the thesaurus to be imported with -name.
Specify y to create a case-sensitive thesaurus with the name specified by -name and populate the thesaurus with entries from the thesaurus import file specified by -file. If -thescase is y (the thesaurus is case-sensitive), ctxload
enters the terms in the thesaurus exactly as they appear in the import file.
The default for -thescase is n (case-insensitive thesaurus)
Note: -thescase is valid for use with only the -thes argument. |
Export a thesaurus. Specify the name of the thesaurus to be exported with the -name argument. Specify the destination file with the -file argument.
Specify the name of the log file to which ctxload
writes any national-language supported (Globalization Support) messages generated during processing. If you do not specify a log file name, the messages appear on the standard output.
Enables SQL statement tracing using ALTER
SESSION
SET
SQL_TRACE
TRUE
. This command captures all processed SQL statements in a trace file, which can be used for debugging. The location of the trace file is operating-system dependent and can be modified using the USER_DUMP_DEST
initialization parameter.
See Also: For more information about SQL trace and theUSER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter, see Oracle Database Administrator's Guide |
Specify the primary key value of the row to be updated or exported.
When the primary key is compound, you must enclose the values within double quotes and separate the keys with a comma.
Exports the contents of a CLOB
or BLOB
column in a database table into the operating system file specified by -file. ctxload
exports the CLOB
or BLOB
column in the row specified by -pk.
When you use the -export, you must specify a primary key with -pk.
Updates the contents of a CLOB
or BLOB
column in a database table with the contents of the operating system file specified by -file. ctxload updates the CLOB
or BLOB column in for the row specified by -pk.
When you use -update, you must specify a primary key with -pk.
This section provides examples for some of the operations that ctxload
can perform.
See Also: For more document loading examples, see Appendix C, "Text Loading Examples for Oracle Text". |
The following example imports a thesaurus named tech_doc
from an import file named tech_thesaurus.txt
:
ctxload -user jsmith/123abc -thes -name tech_doc -file tech_thesaurus.txt
The knowledge base is the information source Oracle Text uses to perform theme analysis, such as theme indexing, processing ABOUT
queries, and document theme extraction with the CTX_DOC
package. A knowledge base is supplied for English and French.
With the ctxkbtc
compiler, you can do the following:
Extend your knowledge base by compiling one or more thesauri with the Oracle Text knowledge base. The extended information can be application-specific terms and relationships. During theme analysis, the extended portion of the knowledge base overrides any terms and relationships in the knowledge base where there is overlap.
Create a new user-defined knowledge base by compiling one or more thesauri. In languages other than English and French, this feature can be used to create a language-specific knowledge base.
Note: OnlyCTXSYS can extend the knowledge base. |
See Also: For more information about the knowledge base packaged with Oracle Text, seehttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/text/
For more information about the For more information about document services, see Chapter 8, " CTX_DOC Package". |
Knowledge bases can be in any single-byte character set. Supplied knowledge bases are in WE8ISO8859P1. You can store an extended knowledge base in another character set such as US7ASCII.
ctxkbtc -user uname/passwd
[-name thesname1 [thesname2 ... thesname16]] [-revert] [-stoplist stoplistname] [-verbose] [-log filename]
Specify the user name and password for the administrator creating an extended knowledge base. This user must have write permission to the ORACLE_HOME
directory.
Specify the name(s) of the thesauri (up to 16) to be compiled with the knowledge base to create the extended knowledge base. The thesauri you specify must already be loaded with ctxload
with the "-thescase Y
" option
Reverts the extended knowledge base to the default knowledge base provided by Oracle Text.
Specify the name of the stoplist. Stopwords in the stoplist are added to the knowledge base as useless words that are prevented from becoming themes or contributing to themes. You can still add stopthemes after running this command using CTX_DLL.ADD_STOPTHEME
.
Displays all warnings and messages, including non-Globalization Support messages, to the standard output.
Specify the log file for storing all messages. When you specify a log file, no messages are reported to standard out.
Before running ctxkbtc
, you must set the NLS_LANG
environment variable to match the database character set.
The user issuing ctxkbtc
must have write permission to the ORACLE_HOME
, since the program writes files to this directory.
Before being compiled, each thesaurus must be loaded into Oracle Text case sensitive with the "-thescase Y
" option in ctxload
.
Running ctxkbtc
twice removes the previous extension.
The ctxkbtc
program has the following limitations:
When upgrading or downgrading your database to a different release, Oracle recommends that you recompile your extended knowledge base in the new environment for theme indexing and related features to work correctly.
Before extending the knowledge base, you must terminate all server processes which invoked any knowledge base related Text functions during their lifetime.
There can be only one user extension for each language for each installation. Since a user extension affects all users at the installation, only the CTXSYS
user can extend the knowledge base.
Terms are case sensitive. If a thesaurus has a term in uppercase, for example, the same term present in lowercase form in a document will not be recognized.
The maximum length of a term is 80 characters.
Disambiguated homographs are not supported.
The following constraints apply to thesaurus relations:
BTG and BTP are the same as BT. NTG and NTP are the same as NT.
Only preferred terms can have a BT, NTs or RTs.
If a term has no USE relation, it will be treated as its own preferred term.
If a set of terms are related by SYN relations, only one of them may be a preferred term.
An existing category cannot be made a top term.
There can be no cycles in BT and NT relations.
A term can have at most one preferred term and at most one BT. A term may have any number of NTs.
An RT of a term cannot be an ancestor or descendent of the term. A preferred term may have any number of RTs up to a maximum of 32.
The maximum height of a tree is 16 including the top term level.
When multiple thesauri are being compiled, a top term in one thesaurus should not have a broader term in another thesaurus.
Note: The thesaurus compiler will tolerate certain violations of the preceding rules. For example, if a term has multiple BTs, it ignores all but the last one it encounters.Similarly, BTs between existing knowledge base categories will only result in a warning message. Such violations are not recommended since they might produce undesired results. |
You can extend the supplied knowledge base by compiling one or more thesauri with the Oracle Text knowledge base. The extended information can be application-specific terms and relationships. During theme analysis, the extended portion of the knowledge base overrides any terms and relationships in the knowledge base where there is overlap.
When extending the knowledge base, Oracle recommends that new terms be linked to one of the categories in the knowledge base for best results in theme proving when appropriate.
See Also: For complete description of the supplied knowledge base, seehttp://www.oracle.com/technology/products/text/ |
If new terms are kept completely disjoint from existing categories, fewer themes from new terms will be proven. The result of this is poorer precision and recall with ABOUT
queries as well poor quality of gists and theme highlighting.
You link new terms to existing terms by making an existing term the broader term for the new terms.
You purchase a medical thesaurus medthes
containing a hierarchy of medical terms. The four top terms in the thesaurus are the following:
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Anti-Allergic and Respiratory System Agents
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antirheumatic Agents, and Inflammation Mediators
Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents
To link these terms to the existing knowledge base, add the following entries to the medical thesaurus to map the new terms to the existing health and medicine branch:
health and medicine NT Anesthesia and Analgesia NT Anti-Allergic and Respiratory System Agents NT Anti-Inflamammatory Agents, Antirheumatic Agents, and Inflamation Mediators NT Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents
Set your Globalization Support language environment variable to match the database character set. For example, if your database character set is WE8ISO8859P1 and you are using American English, set your NLS_LANG as follows:
setenv NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1
Assuming the medical thesaurus is in a file called med.thes, you load the thesaurus as medthes
with ctxload
as follows:
ctxload -thes -thescase y -name medthes -file med.thes -user ctxsys/ctxsys
To link the loaded thesaurus medthes
to the knowledge base, use ctxkbtc
as follows:
ctxkbtc -user ctxsys/ctxsys -name medthes
You can extend theme functionality to languages other than English or French by loading your own knowledge base for any single-byte whitespace delimited language, including Spanish.
Theme functionality includes theme indexing, ABOUT
queries, theme highlighting, and the generation of themes, gists, and theme summaries with the CTX_DOC
PL/SQL package.
You extend theme functionality by adding a user-defined knowledge base. For example, you can create a Spanish knowledge base from a Spanish thesaurus.
To load your language-specific knowledge base, follow these steps:
Load your custom thesaurus using ctxload
.
Set NLS_LANG so that the language portion is the target language. The charset portion must be a single-byte character set.
Compile the loaded thesaurus using ctxkbtc
:
ctxkbtc -user ctxsys/ctxsys -name my_lang_thes
This command compiles your language-specific knowledge base from the loaded thesaurus. To use this knowledge base for theme analysis during indexing and ABOUT
queries, specify the NLS_LANG
language as the THEME_LANGUAGE
attribute value for the BASIC_LEXER
preference.
The following limitations hold for adding knowledge bases:
Oracle Text supplies knowledge bases in English and French only. You must provide your own thesaurus for any other language.
You can only add knowledge bases for languages with single-byte character sets. You cannot create a knowledge base for languages which can be expressed only in multibyte character sets. If the database is a multibyte universal character set, such as UTF-8, the NLS_LANG parameter must still be set to a compatible single-byte character set when compiling the thesaurus.
Adding a knowledge base works best for whitespace delimited languages.
You can have at most one knowledge base for each Globalization Support language.
Obtaining hierarchical query feedback information such as broader terms, narrower terms and related terms does not work in languages other than English and French. In other languages, the knowledge bases are derived entirely from your thesauri. In such cases, Oracle recommends that you obtain hierarchical information directly from your thesauri.
When multiple thesauri are to be compiled, precedence is determined by the order in which thesauri are listed in the arguments to the compiler (most preferred first). A user thesaurus always has precedence over the built-in knowledge base.
Table 14-1 lists the size limits associated with creating and compiling an extended knowledge base:
Table 14-1 Size Limit for the Extended Knowledge Base
Description of Parameter | Limit |
---|---|
Number of RTs (from + to) for each term | 32 |
Number of terms for each single hierarchy (for example, all narrower terms for a given top term) | 64000 |
Number of new terms in an extended knowledge base | 1 million |
Number of separate thesauri that can be compiled into a user extension to the KB | 16 |
The Lexical Compiler (ctxlc
) is a command-line utility that enables you to create your own Chinese and Japanese lexicons (dictionaries). Such a lexicon may either be generated from a user-supplied word list or from the merging of a word list with the system lexicon for that language.
ctxlc
creates the new lexicon in your current directory. The new lexicon consists of three files, drold.dat
, drolk.dat
, and droli.dat
. To change your system lexicon for Japanese or Chinese, overwrite the system lexicon with these files.
The Lexical Compiler can also generate wordlists from the system lexicons for Japanese and Chinese, enabling you to see their contents. These word lists go to the standard output and thus can be redirected into a file of your choice.
After overwriting the system lexicon, you need to re-create your indexes before querying them.
ctxlc
has the following syntax:
ctxlc -ja | -zh [ -n ] -ics character_set -i input_file ctxlc -ja | -zh -ocs character_set [ > output_file ]
Specify the language of the lexicon to modify or create. -ja
indicates the Japanese lexicon; -zh
indicates the Chinese lexicon.
Specify the character set of the input file denoted by -i
input_file. input_file is the list of words, one word to a line, to use in creating the new lexicon.
Specify the file containing words to use in creating a new lexicon.
Specify the character set of the text file to be output.
Specify -n
to create a new lexicon that consists only of user-supplied words taken from input_file. If -n
is not specified, then the new lexicon consists of a merge of the system lexicon with input_file. Also, when -n
is not selected, a text file called drolt.dat
, is created in the current directory to enable you to inspect the contents of the merged lexicon without having to issue another ctxlc
command.
You can add up to 1,000,000 new words to a lexicon. However, creating a very large lexicon can cause a performance hit in indexing and querying. Performance is best when the lexicon character set is UTF-8. There is no performance impact on the Chinese or Japanese V-gram lexers, as they do not use lexicons.
Oracle recommends the following practices with regard to ctxlc
:
Save your plain text dictionary file in your environment for emergency use.
When upgrading or downgrading your database to a different release, recompile your plain text dictionary file in the new environment so that the user lexicon will work correctly.
In this example, you create a new Japanese lexicon from the file jadict.txt
, a word list that uses the JA16EUC character set. Because you are not specifying -n
, the new lexicon is the result of merging jadict.txt
with the system Japanese lexicon. You then replace the existing Japanese lexicon with the new, merged one.
% ctxlc -ja -ics JA16EUC -i jadict.txt
This creates new files in the current directory:
% ls drold.dat drolk.dat droli.dat drolt.dat
The system lexicon files for Japanese and Chinese are named drold
xx
.dat
drolk
xx
.dat
, and droli
xx
.dat
, where xx is either JA
(for Japanese) or ZH
(for Chinese). Rename the three new files and copy them to the directory containing the system Japanese lexicon.
% mv drold.dat droldJA.dat % mv drolk.dat drolkJA.dat % mv droli.dat droliJA.dat % cp *dat $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/data/jalx
This replaces the system Japanese lexicon with one that is a merge of the old system lexicon and your wordlist from jadict.txt
.
You can also use ctxlc
to get a dump of a system lexicon. This example dumps the Chinese lexicon to a file called new_chinese_dict.txt
in the current directory:
% ctxlc -zh -ocs UTF8 > new_chinese_dict.txt
This creates a file, new_japanese.dict.txt
, using the UTF8 character set, in the current directory.