22 Patching Oracle Database

This chapter explains how you can patch Oracle Database. In particular, this chapter covers the following:

Getting Started
Deployment Procedures
Supported Releases
Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Online Mode
Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Offline Mode

Getting Started

This section helps you get started with this chapter by providing an overview of the steps involved in patching Oracle Database. Consider this section to be a documentation map to understand the sequence of actions you must perform to successfully patch Oracle Database. Click the reference links provided against the steps to reach the relevant sections that provide more information.

Table 22-1 Getting Started with Patching Oracle Database

Step	Description	Reference Links
Step 1	Understanding the Deployment Procedure Understand the Deployment Procedure that is offered by Enterprise Manager Grid Control for patching Oracle Database. Know how the Deployment Procedure functions, what use cases it covers, and so on.	To learn about the Deployment Procedure, see Deployment Procedures.
Step 2	Knowing About the Supported Releases Know what releases of Oracle Database can be patched by the Deployment Procedure.	To learn about the releases supported by the Deployment Procedure, see Supported Releases.
Step 3	Selecting the Patching Mode Identify whether the host that runs Enterprise Manager Grid Control has an Internet connection to connect to My Oracle Support. If it has, then choose to patch in online mode. Otherwise, choose to patch in offline mode.	To learn about patching a standalone Oracle Database in online mode, see Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Online Mode. To learn about patching standalone Oracle Database in offline mode, see Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Offline Mode.
Step 4	Meeting the Prerequisites Before you run any Deployment Procedure, you must meet the prerequisites, such as setting up of the environment for online or offline patching, applying mandatory patches, setting up of Oracle Software Library, and so on.	To learn about the prerequisites for patching a standalone Oracle Database in online mode, see Prerequisites. To learn about the prerequisites for patching a standalone Oracle Database in offline mode, see Prerequisites.
Step 5	Running the Deployment Procedure Run the Deployment Procedure to successfully patch Oracle Database.	To patch a standalone Oracle Database in online mode, follow the steps explained in Patching Procedure. To patch a standalone Oracle Database in offline mode, follow the steps explained in Patching Procedure.

Deployment Procedures

Enterprise Manager Grid Control offers the following Deployment Procedures for patching Oracle Database:

Patch Oracle Database

Note:

If the Oracle home of the database you are patching also has an ASM installed, then the Deployment Procedure patches only the database instance, but appropriately shuts down the ASM instance before patching the database and restarts it after the operation is complete.
The Deployment Procedure leaves several .log and .lst files per database instance in the Oracle home of the database being patched. For example, with a databases named UPGRD1, the following files will be left in the oracle home after patching:

-rw-r----- 1 oraets92 oinstall 0 Mar 27 12:19 UPGRD1_is_running.lst-rw-r----- 1 oraets92 oinstall 86 Mar 27 12:18 UPGRD1_shutdown.log-rw-r----- 1 oraets92 oinstall 401 Mar 27 12:19 UPGRD1_shutdown.lst

You cannot avoid the creation of these log files. If you want to delete them, you can either navigate to the Oracle home directory and manually delete them or customize the Deployment Procedure to include a step to automatically delete them.

Supported Releases

Using this Deployment Procedure, you can patch the following releases of Oracle Database:

Oracle Database 9i Release 2 (9.2.0.8)
Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1.x.x)
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2.x.x)
Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1.x.x)
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.x.x)

Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Online Mode

This section describes how you can patch a standalone Oracle Database in online mode, that is, by connecting to My Oracle Support. This option is best suited when you have an Internet connection on the host where Enterprise Manager Grid Control is running.

This section covers the following:

Prerequisites
Patching Procedure

Prerequisites

Before running the Deployment Procedure, meet the following prerequisites:

Prerequisites for Designers

Ensure that you meet the prerequisites described in the following sections:
Ensure that you run the patchability report to understand whether the Oracle Database you want to patch is suitable for this patching operation. In the report, if the Oracle Database you want to patch appears as a target that cannot be patched, then fix the target configuration issues to make it a target that can be patched. For more information about the patchability report, and to understand how you can diagnose the issues with an Oracle Database target and take corrective actions, see Appendix H, "About Patching Automation Reports".
Ensure that you run the Deployment Procedure in the Analyze mode.

Prerequisites for Operators

Ensure that you use an operating system user that has the privileges to run the Deployment Procedure, and that can switch to root user and run all commands on the target hosts. For example, commands such as mkdir, ls, and so on.

If you do not have the privileges to do so, that is, if you are using a locked account, then request your administrator (a designer) to either customize the Deployment Procedure to run it as another user or ignore the steps that require special privileges.

For example, user account A might have the root privileges, but you might use user account B to run the Deployment Procedure. In this case, you can switch from user account B to A by customizing the Deployment Procedure.

For information about customization, see Chapter 31, "Customizing Steps to Run as Another User".
Ensure that you are the owner of the Oracle home of the targets being patched. If you are not the owner or if you do not have direct access to those targets, then customize the Deployment Procedure to run as another user.

For information about customization, see Chapter 31, "Customizing Steps to Run as Another User".

Patching Procedure

To patch a standalone Oracle Database, follow these steps:

In Grid Control, click the Deployments tab.
On the Deployments page, in the Patching section, click Patching through Deployment Procedures.
On the Deployment Procedure Manager page, in the Procedures subtab, from the table, select Patch Oracle Database. Then click Schedule Deployment.

Enterprise Manager Grid Control displays the Software Updates page of the Deployment Procedure.
On the Software Updates page, do the following:
1. In the Select Stage Location section, you can retain the default selection, that is, Enter Stage Location that has the value %emd_root%/EMStage.
  
  This default value refers to a location on the target host where the database to be patched is running. The software updates are downloaded from My Oracle Support to Oracle Software Library, and then staged in this location on the target hosts.
  
  You can modify the location if you want to, and click Save. If you save multiple custom locations, then the Select Stage Location option gets enabled and allows you to select any of the saved custom locations the next time you visit the same page.
  
  Instead of %emd_root%, you can also specify %oracle_home% to indicate the current home location being patched.
2. In the Standalone Database Updates section, click Add to search and select software updates from My Oracle Support. Alternatively, if you have a text file that contains details about the patches, then click Upload From File to select and upload that text file.
  
  On clicking Add, Enterprise Manager Grid Control displays the Search and Select Software Updates page. On this page, select Search My Oracle Support, specify the details of the patches you want to search, and click Go.
  
  Enterprise Manager Grid Control connects to My Oracle Support, searches the patches, and displays details about them on the Search and Select Software Updates page. Select the ones you want to apply using the Deployment Procedure, and click Select.
  
  Note:
  Selection of multiple patches is supported.
  
  On clicking Upload From File, Enterprise Manager Grid Control displays the Upload File page. On this page, select Upload from Local Machine or Upload from Software Library depending on where the text file is available, click Browse to search and select that file, and then click Upload.
3. (Optional) In the Apply SQL Script section, retain the default selection so that the default SQL script that is packaged with the patch is used for modifying the schemas.
  
  If you want to run any custom script, then select Enter the script to apply SQL and specify the full path to the location where the custom script is available. For example, %oracle_home%/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql.
  
  Enterprise Manager Grid Control automatically runs certain scripts such as Catcpu.sql, utlrp.sql for CPUs; Catpsu.sql, utlrp.sql for PSUs; and catupgrade.slq for Patch Sets. However, some scripts mentioned in the ReadMe of a patch might have to be run manually. To run those scripts, you can select Enter the script to apply SQL and specify the full path to the location where the custom scripts are available.
  
  The variables you can use for the directory location are %emd_root% to indicate a location on the target host, %oracle_home% to indicate the current home location being patched, or %perlbin% to indicate the location of perl binary used by the Management Agent.
  
  You have an option of running both the scripts by selecting both these options or one of the scripts by selecting only one of these options. If you select both these options, then both the scripts are run, that is, the default script runs first and then the custom script runs.
4. (Optional) In the Upgrade OPatch section, retain the default selection so that the OPatch software on the target hosts are upgraded before the patches are applied on the database targets.
  
  Enterprise Manager Grid Control uses OPatch software to apply the one-off patches. It is assumed that this software is already available on the target hosts managed by Oracle Management Agents (Management Agent), but Oracle recommends you to retain the selection so that the existing software is upgraded to the latest release.
5. (Optional) In the Black Out Associated Targets section, retain the default selection so that all targets associated with the database to be patched are blacked out while the patching is in progress.
  
  For example, if the Oracle Database to be patched is running in an Oracle home location where Oracle ASM is running, then before patching that Oracle Database, all associated targets such as Oracle Listener and Oracle ASM instances will be blacked out.
6. (Optional) In the Clean Up Backup Files section, select the option if you want to clean up all patching backup files after the patches are applied. The backup files are cleaned up by running OPatch utility cleanup command. Select this option depending on the space available on the target Oracle home.
7. (Optional) In the Advanced OPatch Options section, specify any opatch-related options you want to pass while running this Deployment Procedure. Typically, you can use this section when you have patch conflicts or when inventory location is not default for the target Oracle home being patched. For example, after running the Deployment Procedure in Analyze Mode, if you identified any patch conflicts, then you can pass options to rectify the patch conflicts.
  
  The following are the options you can specify:
  
  -skip_duplicate, skips duplicate patches
  
  -skip_conflict, skips conflicting patches
  
  -skip_missing_component, skips patches whose components are missing
  
  -invPtrLoc, the location of oraInst.loc file
  
  -force_conflict, applies patches even if there are conflicts
  
  Note:
  If you want to specify multiple options, then separate the list with a white space. For example, -skip_duplicate -skip_conflict
8. Click Next.
On the Target List page, in the Database Targets to be Patched section, click Add to add the database targets you want to patch. Then click Next.

Note:
Selection of multiple targets to be patched in a single operation is supported. Typically, this procedure orchestrates patching in parallel across multiple hosts and does a sequential operation across the Oracle homes within a host. Within a given Oracle home, the procedure patches all of the Databases simultaneously.
On the Library Step Properties page (appears only if you had customized the Deployment Procedure and marked some steps to be prompted at runtime), specify values for the library steps.
(Optional) On the Oracle Configuration Manager page, specify an e-mail address to configure Oracle Configuration Manager. If you had already set up My Oracle Support credentials for the Enterprise Manager user account being used, then the fields are pre- filled with those details. If you have a proxy server, then provide details about the proxy server, and click Next.

If you do not want to configure Oracle Configuration Manager, then delete the details appearing on this screen, and click Next.
On the Credentials page, in the Home Credentials section, specify the Oracle home credentials required to patch database Oracle homes, and in the Host Credentials section, specify the operating system credentials to log in to the hosts where the databases are present. Then click Next.

Note:
When there are Oracle home active steps, the Home Credentials section appears. When there are host-level active steps, the Host Credentials section appears. When Oracle home active steps and host-level active steps are present, both the sections appear.

For both sections, choose to use the preferred credentials so that the credentials stored in the Management Repository can be used.

Of course, you can always override the preferred credentials with a new set of credentials. If you choose to do so, you can specify either a common set of credentials to be used across Oracle homes and hosts, or a unique set of credentials for each Oracle home and host.

After specifying a new set of credentials to override the preferred credentials, click Save OH Credential if you want to store the new credentials in the Management Repository.
On the Schedule page, schedule the Deployment Procedure to run either immediately or later.

For Instance Name, specify a unique name for this Deployment Procedure instance so that it can be tracked later and reused with the same settings.
On the Review page, review the details and do one of the following:
- If you want to check for prerequisites, then click Analyze.
- If you have already checked for prerequisites or if you do not want to check for prerequisites, then click Deploy to patch the selected databases.

Patching Standalone Oracle Database in Offline Mode

This section describes how you can patch a standalone Oracle Database in offline mode, that is, without connecting to My Oracle Support. This option is best suited when you do not have an Internet connection on the host where Enterprise Manager Grid Control is running.