mysql_install_db fails to install the grant tables

You may find that mysql_install_db fails to install the grant tables and terminates after displaying the following messages:

Starting mysqld daemon with databases from XXXXXX
mysqld ended

In this case, you should examine the error log file very carefully. The log should be located in the directory XXXXXX named by the error message and should indicate why mysqld did not start. If you do not understand what happened, include the log when you post a bug report. See Section 1.6, “How to Report Bugs or Problems”.

There is a mysqld process running

This indicates that the server is running, in which case the grant tables have probably been created already. If so, there is no need to run mysql_install_db at all because it needs to be run only once, when you first install MySQL.

Installing a second mysqld server does not work when one server is running

This can happen when you have an existing MySQL installation, but want to put a new installation in a different location. For example, you might have a production installation, but you want to create a second installation for testing purposes. Generally the problem that occurs when you try to run a second server is that it tries to use a network interface that is in use by the first server. In this case, you should see one of the following error messages:

Can't start server: Bind on TCP/IP port:
Address already in use
Can't start server: Bind on unix socket...

For instructions on setting up multiple servers, see Section 5.7, “Running Multiple MySQL Instances on One Machine”.

You do not have write access to the /tmp directory

If you do not have write access to create temporary files or a Unix socket file in the default location (the /tmp directory) or the TMPDIR environment variable, if it has been set, an error occurs when you run mysql_install_db or the mysqld server.

You can specify different locations for the temporary directory and Unix socket file by executing these commands prior to starting mysql_install_db or mysqld, where some_tmp_dir is the full path name to some directory for which you have write permission:

TMPDIR=/some_tmp_dir/
MYSQL_UNIX_PORT=/some_tmp_dir/mysql.sock
export TMPDIR MYSQL_UNIX_PORT

Then you should be able to run mysql_install_db and start the server with these commands:

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

If mysql_install_db is located in the scripts directory, modify the first command to scripts/mysql_install_db.

See Section B.3.3.6, “How to Protect or Change the MySQL Unix Socket File”, and Section 4.9, “Environment Variables”.

If you want the initial privileges to differ from the standard defaults, use account-management statements such as CREATE USER, GRANT, and REVOKE to change the privileges after the grant tables have been set up. In other words, run mysql_install_db, and then use mysql -u root mysql to connect to the server as the MySQL root user so that you can issue the necessary statements. (See Section 13.7.1, “Account Management Statements”.)

To install MySQL on several machines with the same privileges, put the CREATE USER, GRANT, and REVOKE statements in a file and execute the file as a script using mysql after running mysql_install_db. For example:

scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
bin/mysql -u root < your_script_file

This enables you to avoid issuing the statements manually on each machine.

It is possible to re-create the grant tables completely after they have previously been created. You might want to do this if you are just learning how to use CREATE USER, GRANT, and REVOKE and have made so many modifications after running mysql_install_db that you want to wipe out the tables and start over.

To re-create the grant tables, stop the server if it is running and remove the mysql database directory. Then run mysql_install_db again.