14.24.4 Rounding Behavior

This section discusses precision math rounding for the ROUND() function and for inserts into columns with exact-value types (DECIMAL and integer).

The ROUND() function rounds differently depending on whether its argument is exact or approximate:

For exact-value numbers, ROUND() uses the “round half up” rule: A value with a fractional part of .5 or greater is rounded up to the next integer if positive or down to the next integer if negative. (In other words, it is rounded away from zero.) A value with a fractional part less than .5 is rounded down to the next integer if positive or up to the next integer if negative. (In other words, it is rounded toward zero.)
For approximate-value numbers, the result depends on the C library. On many systems, this means that ROUND() uses the “round to nearest even” rule: A value with a fractional part exactly half way between two integers is rounded to the nearest even integer.

The following example shows how rounding differs for exact and approximate values:

mysql> SELECT ROUND(2.5), ROUND(25E-1);
+------------+--------------+
| ROUND(2.5) | ROUND(25E-1) |
+------------+--------------+
| 3          |            2 |
+------------+--------------+

For inserts into a DECIMAL or integer column, the target is an exact data type, so rounding uses “round half away from zero,” regardless of whether the value to be inserted is exact or approximate:

mysql> CREATE TABLE t (d DECIMAL(10,0));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(2.5),(2.5E0);
Query OK, 2 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 2

mysql> SHOW WARNINGS;
+-------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message                                |
+-------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Note  | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'd' at row 1 |
| Note  | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'd' at row 2 |
+-------+------+----------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT d FROM t;
+------+
| d    |
+------+
|    3 |
|    3 |
+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

The SHOW WARNINGS statement displays the notes that are generated by truncation due to rounding of the fractional part. Such truncation is not an error, even in strict SQL mode (see Section 14.24.3, “Expression Handling”).