MySQL 8.4 Reference Manual Including MySQL NDB Cluster 8.4
Some features in the optimizer can be invoked many times during statement optimization and execution, and thus can make the trace grow beyond reason. They are:
          Greedy search: With an
          N-table join, this could explore
          factorial(N) plans.
        
Range optimizer
          Dynamic range optimization: Shown as
          range checked for each record in
          EXPLAIN output; each outer row
          causes a re-run of the range optimizer.
        
          Subqueries: A subquery in which the
          WHERE clause may be executed once per row.
        
      Those features can be excluded from tracing by setting one or more
      switches of the
      optimizer_trace_features system
      variable to OFF. These switches are listed
      here:
    
          greedy_search: Greedy search is not traced.
        
          range_optimizer: The range optimizer is not
          traced.
        
          dynamic_range: Only the first call to the
          range optimizer on this
          JOIN_TAB::SQL_SELECT is traced.
        
          repeated_subselect: Only the first
          execution of this Item_subselect is traced.