In MySQL 8.4, it is possible to log partial updates to JSON documents (see Partial Updates of JSON Values). The logging behavior depends on the format used, as described here:

Statement-based replication.  JSON partial updates are always logged as partial updates. This cannot be disabled when using statement-based logging.

Row-based replication.  JSON partial updates are not logged as such by default, but instead are logged as complete documents. To enable logging of partial updates, set binlog_row_value_options=PARTIAL_JSON. If a replication source has this variable set, partial updates received from that source are handled and applied by a replica regardless of the replica's own setting for the variable.