-C H A P T E R

C H A P T E R 1

Overview of the Performance Analyzer

Developing high performance applications requires a combination of compiler features, libraries of optimized functions, and tools for performance analysis. The Performance Analyzer manual describes the tools that are available to help you assess the performance of your code, identify potential performance problems, and locate the part of the code where the problems occur.

Starting the Performance Analyzer From the Integrated Development Environment

For information on starting the Performance Analyzer from the Integrated Development Environment (IDE), see the Performance Analyzer Readme, which is available through the documentation index at the default installation directory: file:/opt/SUNWspro/docs/index.html. If the Sun Studio 8 compilers and tools are not installed in the /opt directory, ask your system administrator for the equivalent path on your system.

The Tools of Performance Analysis

This manual deals primarily with the Collector and Performance Analyzer, a pair of tools that you use to collect and analyze performance data for your application. Both tools can be used from the command line or from a graphical user interface.

The Collector and Performance Analyzer are designed for use by any software developer, even if performance tuning is not the developer's main responsibility. These tools provide a more flexible, detailed, and accurate analysis than the commonly used profiling tools prof and gprof, and are not subject to an attribution error in gprof.

These two tools help to answer the following kinds of questions:

How much of the available resources does the program consume?

Which functions or load objects are consuming the most resources?

Which source lines and instructions are responsible for resource consumption?

How did the program arrive at this point in the execution?

Which resources are being consumed by a function or load object?

The Collector Tool

The Collector tool collects performance data using a statistical method called profiling and by tracing function calls. The data can include call stacks, microstate accounting information, thread-synchronization delay data, hardware-counter overflow data, Message Passing Interface (MPI) function call data, memory allocation data and summary information for the operating system and the process. The Collector can collect all kinds of data for C, C++ and Fortran programs, and it can collect profiling data for applications written in the Java programming language. It can collect data for dynamically-generated functions and for descendant processes. See Chapter 2 for information about the data collected and Chapter 3 for detailed information about the Collector. The Collector can be run from the Performance Analyzer GUI, from the IDE, from the dbx command line tool, and using the collect command.

The Performance Analyzer Tool

The Performance Analyzer tool displays the data recorded by the Collector, so that you can examine the information. The Performance Analyzer processes the data and displays various metrics of performance at the level of the program, the functions, the source lines, and the instructions. These metrics are classed into five groups:

Timing metrics

Hardware counter metrics

Synchronization delay metrics

Memory allocation metrics

MPI tracing metrics.

The Performance Analyzer also displays the raw data in a graphical format as a function of time. The Performance Analyzer can create a mapfile that you can use to improve the order of function loading in the program's address space.

See the online help in the IDE or the Performance Analyzer GUI for detailed information about the Performance Analyzer, and Chapter 4 for information about the command-line analysis tool, er_print.

Chapter 5 discusses topics related to understanding the performance analyzer and its data, including: how data collection works, interpreting performance metrics, call stacks and program execution, and annotated code listings. Annotated source code listings and disassembly code listings that include compiler commentary but do not include performance data can be viewed with the er_src utility (see Chapter 6 for more information).

The `er_print` Command

The er_print command presents in plain text all the displays that are presented by the Performance Analyzer, with the exception of the Timeline display.

The `prof`, `gprof`, and `tcov` Tools

This manual also includes information about the following performance tools:

prof and gprof

prof and gprof are UNIX^® tools for generating profile data and are included with the Solaris 7, Solaris 8, and Solaris 9 Operating System (SPARC^® Platform Edition). Both tools are also provided and supported on the x86 platform.

tcov

tcov is a code coverage tool that reports the number of times each function is called and each source line is executed.

For more information about prof, gprof, and tcov, see Appendix A.

The Performance Analyzer Window

Note - The following is a brief overview of the Performance Analyzer window. See the online help for a complete and detailed discussion of the functionality and features of the tabs discussed below.

The Performance Analyzer window consists of a multi-tabbed display, with a menu bar and a toolbar. The tab that is displayed when the Performance Analyzer is started shows a list of functions for the program with exclusive and inclusive metrics for each function. The list can be filtered by load object, by thread, by Light Weight Process (LWP), and by time slice.

For a selected function, another tab displays the callers and callees of the function. This tab can be used to navigate the call tree--in search of high metric values, for example.

Two other tabs display source code that is annotated line-by-line with performance metrics and interleaved with compiler commentary, and disassembly code that is annotated with metrics for each instruction and interleaved with both source code and compiler commentary if they are available.

The performance data is displayed as a function of time in another tab.

Other tabs show details of the experiments and load objects, summary information for a function, and statistics for the process.

You can navigate the Performance Analyzer from the keyboard as well as a mouse.