GNOME 2.2 Desktop on Linux User Guide

Chapter 1 Basic Skills

This chapter introduces you to the basic skills that you need to work with the GNOME Desktop.

Mouse Skills

Even if you are very familiar with mouse devices, you should still familiarize yourself with the button conventions and action terminology used in this manual. This section also describes the mouse pointers.

Mouse Button Conventions

All the instructions in this manual are for the following types of mouse devices:

Devices that are configured for right-hand users.
Three button devices. If you have a two-button mouse device, then you press the two buttons simultaneously to simulate the effect of a middle mouse button.

The mouse button conventions used in this manual are as follows:

Mouse Button	Definition
Left mouse button	The button on the left side of a mouse device configured for normal right-hand use.
Middle mouse button	The middle button of a mouse device configured for normal right-hand use.
Right mouse button	The button on the right side of a mouse device configured for normal right-hand use.

To reverse the handedness of your mouse device, start the Mouse preference tool, then select the options that you require. If you do reverse the handedness of your mouse device, then you must reverse the mouse button conventions used in this manual.

Mouse Actions

The following table describes the actions that you can perform with the mouse:

Mouse Button	Usage
Left mouse button	Use to perform the following actions: Select text. Choose items. Drag items.
Middle mouse button	Use to perform the following actions: Paste text. Move items.
Right mouse button	Opens a menu for the selected object, if a menu applies.

Mouse Button

Usage

Left mouse button

Use to perform the following actions:

Select text.
Choose items.
Drag items.

Middle mouse button

Use to perform the following actions:

Paste text.
Move items.

Right mouse button

Opens a menu for the selected object, if a menu applies.

For example, if you want to copy text then perform the following steps:

Select the text with the left mouse button.
Move the mouse pointer to the location where you want to copy the text.
Click on the middle mouse button.

You can also right-click on the desktop to open the Desktop menu.

Mouse Action Terminology

The conventions used in this manual to describe actions that you take with the mouse are as follows:

Action	Definition
Click	Press and release the left mouse button, without moving the mouse.
Click-and-hold	Press and do not release the left mouse button.
Left-click	Same as click. Left-click clarifies the action when there might be confusion with right-click.
Middle-click	Press and release the middle mouse button, without moving the mouse.
Right-click	Press and release the right mouse button, without moving the mouse.
Double-click	Press and release the left mouse button twice in rapid succession without moving the mouse.
Drag	Click-and-hold a mouse button, then move an object. For example, you can drag a window or an icon. The left and middle mouse buttons can perform drag actions.
Drag-and-drop	Click-and-hold a mouse button, then move an object. For example, you can drag-and-drop a window or an icon. Release the mouse button to place the object in a new location.
Grab	Point to an item that you can move, and click-and-hold on the mouse button. For example, you can grab the titlebar of a window, then drag the window to a new location.

Mouse Pointers

As you use the mouse, the appearance of the mouse pointer can change. The appearance of the pointer can provide feedback about a particular operation, location, or state. The following table lists and describes some of the mouse pointers.

Pointer	Associated Action	Description
	Point to an item, choose a menu item	Normal pointer. The pointer that appears during normal use of the mouse.
	Drag-and-drop	Move pointer. Indicates that when you drop the object, the object is moved from the old location to the new location.
	Drag-and-drop	Copy pointer. Indicates that when you drop the object, a copy of the object is created where you drop the object.
	Drag-and-drop	Symbolic link pointer. Indicates that when you drop the object, a symbolic link to the object is created where you drop the object. A symbolic link is a special type of file that points to another file or folder.
	Drag-and-drop	Ask pointer. Indicates that when you drop the object, a menu opens. You can choose to move or copy the object, or to create a symbolic link to the object.
	Drag-and-drop	Not available pointer. Indicates that you cannot drop the object at the current location.
	Move panel object	Move panel object pointer. Indicates that you have selected a panel object to move.
	Resize window horizontally	Horizontal resize pointer. Indicates that you have selected a vertical window border to resize the window horizontally.
	Resize window vertically	Vertical resize pointer. Indicates that you have selected a horizontal window border to resize the window vertically.
	Resize window horizontally and vertically	Corner resize pointer. Indicates that you have selected a corner of a window border to resize the window horizontally and vertically.
	Resize window pane or resize table column	Window pane or table column resize pointer. Indicates that you have selected a column in a table to resize.

Keyboard Skills

For almost every task that you can perform with the mouse, you can use the keyboard to perform the same task. Shortcut keys are keys that provide you with a quick way to perform a task.

You can use shortcut keys to perform general GNOME Desktop tasks and to work with interface items such as panels and windows. You can also use shortcut keys in applications. To customize your shortcut keys, use the Shortcuts preference tool.

You can also modify the GNOME Desktop preferences to use keyboard accessibility features.

The following sections describe the shortcut keys that you can use.

General Shortcut Keys

General shortcut keys enable you to use the keyboard to perform general GNOME Desktop tasks. The following table lists some general shortcut keys:

Default Shortcut Keys	Function
Ctrl + Esc	Opens the Main Menu.
Super + R	Displays the Run Application dialog.
Print Screen	Takes a screenshot.
Alt + Print Screen	Takes a screenshot of the window that has focus.
Ctrl + Alt + right arrow	Switches to the workspace to the right of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + left arrow	Switches to the workspace to the left of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + up arrow	Switches to the workspace above the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + down arrow	Switches to the workspace below the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + d	Minimizes all windows, and gives focus to the desktop.
F1	Starts the online help browser, and displays appropriate online Help.

Window Shortcut Keys

Window shortcut keys enable you to use the keyboard to perform window tasks. The following table lists some window shortcut keys:

Default Shortcut Keys	Function
Alt + Tab	Switches between windows. When you use these shortcut keys, a list of windows that you can select is displayed. Release the keys to select a window.
Alt + Esc	Switches between windows in reverse order. Release the keys to select a window.
F10	Opens the first menu on the left side of the menubar.
Alt + spacebar	Opens the Window Menu.
Arrow keys	Moves the focus between items in a menu.
Return	Chooses a menu item.
Esc	Closes an open menu.
Ctrl + Alt + right arrow	Switches to the workspace to the right of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + left arrow	Switches to the workspace to the left of the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + up arrow	Switches to the workspace above the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + down arrow	Switches to the workspace below the current workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + d	Minimizes all windows, and gives focus to the desktop.

Panel Shortcut Keys

Panel shortcut keys enable you to use the keyboard to perform panel tasks. The following table lists panel shortcut keys:

Default Shortcut Keys	Function
Ctrl + Alt + Tab	Switches the focus between the panels and the desktop. When you use these shortcut keys, a list of items that you can select is displayed. Release the keys to select an item.
Ctrl + Alt + Esc	Switches the focus between the panels and the desktop. Release the keys to select an item.
Ctrl + F10	Opens the popup menu for the selected panel.
Tab	Switches the focus between objects on a panel.
Return	Chooses the selected panel object or menu item.
Shift + F10	Opens the popup menu for the selected panel object.
Arrow keys	Moves the focus between items in a menu. Moves the focus between interface items in an applet also.
Esc	Closes an open menu.
F10	Opens the Applications menu from the `Menu Bar`, if the `Menu Bar` is in a panel.

Application Shortcut Keys

Application shortcut keys enable you to perform application tasks. You can use shortcut keys to perform application tasks more quickly than if you use a mouse. The following table lists some application shortcut keys:

Shortcut Keys	Command
Ctrl + N	New
Ctrl + X	Cut
Ctrl + C	Copy
Ctrl + V	Paste
Ctrl + Z	Undo
Ctrl + S	Save
Ctrl + Q	Quit

Access Keys

A menubar is a bar at the top of a window that contains the menus for the application. An access key is an underlined letter in a menubar, menu, or dialog that you can use to perform an action. On a menubar, the access key for each menu is underlined.

To open a menu, press Alt, then press the access key. In the menu, the access key for each menu item is underlined. To choose a menu item, press the access key for the menu item. The following table shows example access keys from the Text Editor application:

Access Keys	Function
Alt + F	Opens the File menu.
N	Chooses the New item on the File menu.

You can also use access keys to access elements in a dialog. In a dialog, one letter in most dialog elements is underlined. To access a particular dialog element, press Alt, then press the access key. The following table shows an example access key from the Preferences dialog in the Text Editor application:

Access Key	Function
Alt + U	Gives focus to the Use default theme font check box.

You can use also other keys to navigate within a window or dialog.

Key	Function
Tab	Moves the focus from element to element in a window or dialog.
Arrow keys	Use the arrow keys to perform the following actions: In a menubar, move the focus from one menu to the next menu. In an open menu, move the focus from one menu item to the next menu item. Move the focus from one option to the next option to make your selection, for example, within a group of radio buttons in a dialog. Change the value that a spin box displays.

Key

Function

Tab

Moves the focus from element to element in a window or dialog.

Arrow keys

Use the arrow keys to perform the following actions:

In a menubar, move the focus from one menu to the next menu. In an open menu, move the focus from one menu item to the next menu item.
Move the focus from one option to the next option to make your selection, for example, within a group of radio buttons in a dialog.
Change the value that a spin box displays.

Using Windows

This section provides information on how to use windows.

To Resize Panes

Some windows contain more than one pane. A pane is a subdivision of a window. For example, the Nautilus file manager window contains a side pane and a view pane. A window that contains panes has a resize handle on the edge between the panes. To resize the pane, grab the resize handle, then drag the edge to the size you require.

Using Tables

Some windows contain information that is organized in a table. This section describes how to work with tables.

To change the width of a column, drag one of the vertical edges of the column.

In some tables, you can sort the information by a particular column. To sort information in a table, click on the heading on top of the column by which you want to sort the information. An up arrow is displayed in the column heading by which the table is sorted. The following figure shows the up arrow.

To reverse the sort order, click on the column heading again. The up arrow changes to a down arrow. The down arrow indicates that the information in the column is sorted in reverse order.

In some tables, you can select multiple items. The following table describes how to select items in tables.

Task	Action
Select an item	Click on the item.
Select a group of contiguous items	Press-and-hold Shift. Click on the first item in the group, then click on the last item in the group.
Select multiple items	Press-and-hold Ctrl. Click on the items that you want to select.