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Sun Studio 12: Fortran Programming Guide

7.6.3 Obscure Optimizations

Legacy codes may contain source-code restructurings of ordinary computational DO loops intended to cause older vectorizing compilers to generate optimal code for a particular architecture. In most cases, these restructurings are no longer needed and may degrade the portability of a program. Two common restructurings are strip-mining and loop unrolling.

7.6.3.1 Strip-Mining

Fixed-length vector registers on some architectures led programmers to manually “strip-mine” the array computations in a loop into segments:


  REAL TX(0:63)
  ...
  DO IOUTER = 1,NX,64
     DO IINNER = 0,63
        TX(IINNER) = AX(IOUTER+IINNER) * BX(IOUTER+IINNER)/2.
        QX(IOUTER+IINNER) = TX(IINNER)**2
     END DO
  END DO

Strip-mining is no longer appropriate with modern compilers; the loop can be written much less obscurely as:


  DO IX = 1,N
    TX = AX(I)*BX(I)/2.
    QX(I) = TX**2
  END DO

7.6.3.2 Loop Unrolling

Unrolling loops by hand was a typical source-code optimization technique before compilers were available that could perform this restructuring automatically. A loop written as:


  DO       K = 1, N-5, 6
     DO    J = 1, N
        DO I = 1,N
           A(I,J) = A(I,J) + B(I,K  ) * C(K  ,J)
 *                         + B(I,K+1) * C(K+1,J)
 *                         + B(I,K+2) * C(K+2,J)
 *                         + B(I,K+3) * C(K+3,J)
 *                         + B(I,K+4) * C(K+4,J)
 *                         + B(I,K+5) * C(K+5,J)
        END DO
     END DO
  END DO
  DO       KK = K,N
     DO    J =1,N
        DO I =1,N
           A(I,J) = A(I,J) + B(I,KK) * C(KK,J)
        END DO
     END DO
  END DO

should be rewritten the way it was originally intended:


  DO       K = 1,N
     DO    J = 1,N
        DO I = 1,N
           A(I,J) = A(I,J) + B(I,K) * C(K,J)
        END DO
     END DO
  END DO