示例:定位异常(打印地址)并中止:
demo% cat LocExcHan.F
#include "floatingpoint.h"
EXTERNAL Exhandler
INTEGER Exhandler, i, ieee_handler
REAL:: r = 14.2 , s = 0.0 , t
C Detect division by zero
i = ieee_handler( ’set’, ’division’, Exhandler )
t = r/s
END
INTEGER FUNCTION Exhandler( sig, sip, uap)
INTEGER sig
STRUCTURE /fault/
INTEGER address
END STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE /siginfo/
INTEGER si_signo
INTEGER si_code
INTEGER si_errno
RECORD /fault/ fault
END STRUCTURE
RECORD /siginfo/ sip
WRITE (*,10) sip.si_signo, sip.si_code, sip.fault.address
10 FORMAT(’Signal ’,i4,’ code ’,i4,’ at hex address ’, Z8 )
Exhandler=1
CALL abort()
END
demo% f95 -g LocExcHan.F
demo% a.out
Signal 8 code 3 at hex address 11230
Abort
demo%
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在 64 位 SPARC 环境中,请用 INTEGER*8 替换每个 STRUCTURE 中的 INTEGER 声明,用 i8 替换 i4 格式。(注意,该例接受 VAX Fortran STRUCTURE 语句,依靠的是 f95 编译器的扩展。)
大多数情况下,知道异常的实际地址并无太大用处,但对于 dbx 除外:
demo% dbx a.out
(dbx) stopi at 0x11230 Set breakpoint at address
(2) stopi at &MAIN+0x68
(dbx) run Run program
Running: a.out
(process id 18803)
stopped in MAIN at 0x11230
MAIN+0x68: fdivs %f3, %f2, %f2
(dbx) where Shows the line number of the exception
=>[1] MAIN(), line 7 in "LocExcHan.F"
(dbx) list 7 Displays the source code line
7 t = r/s
(dbx) cont Continue after breakpoint, enter handler routine
Signal 8 code 3 at hex address 11230
abort: called
signal ABRT (Abort) in _kill at 0xef6e18a4
_kill+0x8: bgeu _kill+0x30
Current function is exhandler
24 CALL abort()
(dbx) quit
demo%
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当然,还有更容易的方法来确定引起错误的源码行。但是,本例确实足以展示异常处理的基本内容。