Sun Studio 12:Fortran 编程指南

通过处理程序定位异常

示例:定位异常(打印地址)并中止:


demo% cat LocExcHan.F
#include "floatingpoint.h"
      EXTERNAL Exhandler
      INTEGER Exhandler, i, ieee_handler
      REAL:: r = 14.2 ,  s = 0.0 , t
C  Detect division by zero
      i = ieee_handler( ’set’, ’division’, Exhandler )
      t = r/s
      END

      INTEGER FUNCTION Exhandler( sig, sip, uap)
      INTEGER sig
      STRUCTURE /fault/
                  INTEGER address
      END STRUCTURE
      STRUCTURE /siginfo/
                  INTEGER si_signo
                  INTEGER si_code
                  INTEGER si_errno
                  RECORD /fault/ fault
      END STRUCTURE
      RECORD /siginfo/ sip
      WRITE (*,10)  sip.si_signo, sip.si_code, sip.fault.address
10        FORMAT(’Signal ’,i4,’ code ’,i4,’ at hex address ’, Z8 )
      Exhandler=1
      CALL abort()
      END
demo%  f95 -g LocExcHan.F
demo%  a.out
Signal   8 code    3 at hex address    11230
Abort
demo%

在 64 位 SPARC 环境中,请用 INTEGER*8 替换每个 STRUCTURE 中的 INTEGER 声明,用 i8 替换 i4 格式。(注意,该例接受 VAX Fortran STRUCTURE 语句,依靠的是 f95 编译器的扩展。)

大多数情况下,知道异常的实际地址并无太大用处,但对于 dbx 除外:


demo% dbx a.out
(dbx) stopi at 0x11230     Set breakpoint at address
(2) stopi at &MAIN+0x68
(dbx) run               Run program
Running: a.out
(process id 18803)
stopped in MAIN at 0x11230
MAIN+0x68:      fdivs   %f3, %f2, %f2
(dbx) where           Shows the line number of the exception
=>[1] MAIN(), line 7 in "LocExcHan.F"
(dbx) list 7          Displays the source code line
    7         t = r/s
(dbx) cont            Continue after breakpoint, enter handler routine
Signal    8 code    3 at hex address    11230
abort: called
signal ABRT (Abort) in _kill at 0xef6e18a4
_kill+0x8:      bgeu    _kill+0x30
Current function is exhandler
   24         CALL abort()
(dbx) quit
demo%

当然,还有更容易的方法来确定引起错误的源码行。但是,本例确实足以展示异常处理的基本内容。