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System Administration Guide: Security Services

Swapping a Master KDC and a Slave KDC

You should use the procedures in this section to make the swap of a master KDC with a slave KDC easier. You should swap the master KDC with a slave KDC only if the master KDC server fails for some reason, or if the master KDC needs to be re-installed (for example, because new hardware is installed).

ProcedureHow to Configure a Swappable Slave KDC

Perform this procedure on the slave KDC server that you want to have available to become the master KDC. This procedure assumes that you are using incremental propagation.

  1. Use alias names for the master KDC and the swappable slave KDC during the KDC installation.

    When you define the host names for the KDCs, make sure that each system has an alias included in DNS. Also, use the alias names when you define the hosts in the /etc/krb5/krb5.conf file.

  2. Follow the steps to install a slave KDC.

    Prior to any swap, this server should function as any other slave KDC in the realm. See How to Manually Configure a Slave KDC for instructions.

  3. Move the master KDC commands.

    To prevent the master KDC commands from being run from this slave KDC, move the kprop, kadmind, and kadmin.local commands to a reserved place.


    kdc4 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kprop /usr/lib/krb5/kprop.save
kdc4 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind.save
kdc4 # mv /usr/sbin/kadmin.local /usr/sbin/kadmin.local.save

ProcedureHow to Swap a Master KDC and a Slave KDC

In this procedure, the master KDC server that is being swapped out is named kdc1. The slave KDC that will become the new master KDC is named kdc4. This procedure assumes that you are using incremental propagation.

Before You Begin

This procedure requires that the slave KDC server has been set up as a swappable slave. For more information, see How to Configure a Swappable Slave KDC).

  1. On the new master KDC, start kadmin.


    kdc4 # /usr/sbin/kadmin -p kws/admin
Enter password: <Type kws/admin password>
kadmin:

    1. Create new principals for the kadmind service.

      The following example shows the first addprinc command on two lines, but it should be typed on one line.


      kadmin: addprinc -randkey -allow_tgs_req +password_changing_service -clearpolicy \
       changepw/kdc4.example.com
Principal "changepw/kdc4.example.com@ENG.SUN.COM" created.
kadmin: addprinc -randkey -allow_tgs_req -clearpolicy kadmin/kdc4.example.com
Principal "kadmin/kdc4.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM" created.
kadmin:

    2. Create a keytab file.


      kadmin: ktadd -k /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab kadmin/kdc4.example.com
Entry for principal kadmin/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-256 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-128 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type Triple DES cbc
          mode with HMAC/sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type ArcFour
          with HMAC/md5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type DES cbc mode
          with RSA-MD5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
kadmin: ktadd -k /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab changepw/kdc4.example.com
Entry for principal changepw/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-256 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal changepw/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-128 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal changepw/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type Triple DES cbc
          mode with HMAC/sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal changepw/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type ArcFour
          with HMAC/md5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal changepw/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type DES cbc mode
          with RSA-MD5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
kadmin: ktadd -k /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab kadmin/changepw
Entry for principal kadmin/changepw with kvno 3, encryption type AES-256 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/changepw with kvno 3, encryption type AES-128 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/changepw with kvno 3, encryption type Triple DES cbc
          mode with HMAC/sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/changepw with kvno 3, encryption type ArcFour
          with HMAC/md5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kadmin/changepw with kvno 3, encryption type DES cbc mode
          with RSA-MD5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
kadmin:

    3. Quit kadmin.


      kadmin: quit

  2. On the new master KDC, force synchronization.

    The following steps force a full KDC update on the slave server.


    kdc4 # svcadm disable network/security/krb5kdc
kdc4 # rm /var/krb5/principal.ulog

  3. On the new master KDC, verify that the update is complete.


    kdc4 # /usr/sbin/kproplog -h

  4. On the new master KDC, restart the KDC service.


    kdc4 # svcadm enable -r network/security/krb5kdc

  5. On the new master KDC, clear the update log.

    These steps reinitialize the update log for the new master KDC server.


    kdc4 # svcadm disable network/security/krb5kdc
kdc4 # rm /var/krb5/principal.ulog

  6. On the old master KDC, kill the kadmind and krb5kdc processes.

    When you kill the kadmind process, you prevent any changes from being made to the KDC database.


    kdc1 # svcadm disable network/security/kadmin
kdc1 # svcadm disable network/security/krb5kdc

  7. On the old master KDC, specify the poll time for requesting propagations.

    Comment out the sunw_dbprop_master_ulogsize entry in /etc/krb5/kdc.conf and add an entry defining sunw_dbprop_slave_poll. The entry sets the poll time to 2 minutes.


    kdc1 # cat /etc/krb5/kdc.conf
[kdcdefaults]
        kdc_ports = 88,750

[realms]
        EXAMPLE.COM= {
                profile = /etc/krb5/krb5.conf
                database_name = /var/krb5/principal
                admin_keytab = /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab
                acl_file = /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl
                kadmind_port = 749
                max_life = 8h 0m 0s
                max_renewable_life = 7d 0h 0m 0s
                sunw_dbprop_enable = true
#               sunw_dbprop_master_ulogsize = 1000
                sunw_dbprop_slave_poll = 2m
        }

  8. On the old master KDC, move the master KDC commands and the kadm5.acl file.

    To prevent the master KDC commands from being run, move the kprop, kadmind, and kadmin.local commands to a reserved place.


    kdc1 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kprop /usr/lib/krb5/kprop.save
kdc1 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind.save
kdc1 # mv /usr/sbin/kadmin.local /usr/sbin/kadmin.local.save
kdc1 # mv /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl.save

  9. On the DNS server, change the alias names for the master KDC.

    To change the servers, edit the example.com zone file and change the entry for masterkdc.


    masterkdc IN CNAME kdc4

  10. On the DNS server, restart the Internet domain name server.

    Run the following command to reload the new alias information:


    # svcadm refresh network/dns/server

  11. On the new master KDC, move the master KDC commands and the slave kpropd.acl file.


    kdc4 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kprop.save /usr/lib/krb5/kprop
kdc4 # mv /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind.save /usr/lib/krb5/kadmind
kdc4 # mv /usr/sbin/kadmin.local.save /usr/sbin/kadmin.local
kdc4 # mv /etc/krb5/kpropd.acl /etc/krb5/kpropd.acl.save

  12. On the new master KDC, create the Kerberos access control list file (kadm5.acl).

    Once populated, the /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl file should contain all principal names that are allowed to administer the KDC. The file should also list all of the slaves that make requests for incremental propagation. See the kadm5.acl(4) man page for more information.


    kdc4 # cat /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl
kws/admin@EXAMPLE.COM   *
kiprop/kdc1.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM p

  13. On the new master KDC, specify the update log size in the kdc.conf file.

    Comment out the sunw_dbprop_slave_poll entry and add an entry defining sunw_dbprop_master_ulogsize. The entry sets the log size to 1000 entries.


    kdc1 # cat /etc/krb5/kdc.conf
[kdcdefaults]
        kdc_ports = 88,750

[realms]
        EXAMPLE.COM= {
                profile = /etc/krb5/krb5.conf
                database_name = /var/krb5/principal
                admin_keytab = /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab
                acl_file = /etc/krb5/kadm5.acl
                kadmind_port = 749
                max_life = 8h 0m 0s
                max_renewable_life = 7d 0h 0m 0s
                sunw_dbprop_enable = true
#               sunw_dbprop_slave_poll = 2m
                sunw_dbprop_master_ulogsize = 1000
        }

  14. On the new master KDC, add the kiprop principal to the kadmind keytab file.


    kdc4 # kadmin.local
kadmin.local: ktadd -k /etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab kiprop/kdc4.example.com
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-256 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-128 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type Triple DES cbc
          mode with HMAC/sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type ArcFour
          with HMAC/md5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc4.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type DES cbc mode
          with RSA-MD5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/kadm5.keytab.
kadmin.local: quit

  15. On the new master KDC, start kadmind and krb5kdc.


    kdc4 # svcadm enable -r network/security/krb5kdc
kdc4 # svcadm enable -r network/security/kadmin

  16. On the old master KDC, add the kiprop service principal.

    Adding the kiprop principal to the krb5.keytab file allows the kpropd daemon to authenticate itself for the incremental propagation service.


    kdc1 # /usr/sbin/kadmin -p kws/admin
Authenticating as pricipal kws/admin@EXAMPLE.COM with password.
Enter password: <Type kws/admin password>
kadmin: ktadd kiprop/kdc1.example.com
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc1.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-256 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/krb5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc1.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type AES-128 CTS mode
          with 96-bit SHA-1 HMAC added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/krb5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc1.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type Triple DES cbc
          mode with HMAC/sha1 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/krb5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc1.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type ArcFour
          with HMAC/md5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/krb5.keytab.
Entry for principal kiprop/kdc1.example.com with kvno 3, encryption type DES cbc mode
          with RSA-MD5 added to keytab WRFILE:/etc/krb5/krb5.keytab.
kadmin: quit

  17. On the old master KDC, add an entry for each KDC listed in krb5.conf to the propagation configuration file, kpropd.acl.


    kdc1 # cat /etc/krb5/kpropd.acl
host/kdc1.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
host/kdc2.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
host/kdc3.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM
host/kdc4.example.com@EXAMPLE.COM

  18. On the old master KDC, start kpropd and krb5kdc.

    When the krb5kdc daemon is started, kpropd also starts if the system is configured as a slave.


    kdc1 # svcadm enable network/security/krb5kdc