man pages section 9: DDI and DKI Driver Entry Points

devmap(9E)

Name

devmap– validate and translate virtual mapping for memory mapped device

Synopsis

#include <sys/ddi.h> 
#include <sys/sunddi.h>



int prefixdevmap(dev_t dev, devmap_cookie_t dhp, offset_t off, 
     size_t len, size_t *maplen, uint_t model);

Interface Level

Solaris DDI specific (Solaris DDI).

Parameters

dev: Device whose memory is to be mapped.
dhp: An opaque mapping handle that the system uses to describe the mapping.
off: User offset within the logical device memory at which the mapping begins.
len: Length (in bytes) of the mapping to be mapped.
maplen: Pointer to length (in bytes) of mapping that has been validated. maplen is less than or equal to len.
model: The data model type of the current thread.

Description

devmap() is a required entry point for character drivers supporting memory-mapped devices if the drivers use the devmap framework to set up the mapping. A memory mapped device has memory that can be mapped into a process's address space. The mmap(2) system call, when applied to a character special file, allows this device memory to be mapped into user space for direct access by the user applications.

As a result of a mmap(2) system call, the system calls the devmap() entry point during the mapping setup when D_DEVMAP is set in the cb_flag field of the cb_ops(9S) structure, and any of the following conditions apply:

ddi_devmap_segmap(9F) is used as the segmap(9E) entry point.
segmap(9E) entry point is set to NULL.
mmap(9E) entry point is set to NULL.

Otherwise EINVAL will be returned to mmap(2).

Device drivers should use devmap() to validate the user mappings to the device, to translate the logical offset, off, to the corresponding physical offset within the device address space, and to pass the mapping information to the system for setting up the mapping.

dhp is a device mapping handle that the system uses to describe a mapping to a memory that is either contiguous in physical address space or in kernel virtual address space. The system may create multiple mapping handles in one mmap(2) system call (for example, if the mapping contains multiple physically discontiguous memory regions).

model returns the C Language Type Model which the current thread expects. It is set to DDI_MODEL_ILP32 if the current thread expects 32-bit ( ILP32) semantics, or DDI_MODEL_LP64 if the current thread expects 64-bit ( LP64) semantics. model is used in combination with ddi_model_convert_from(9F) to determine whether there is a data model mismatch between the current thread and the device driver. The device driver might have to adjust the shape of data structures before exporting them to a user thread which supports a different data model.

devmap() should return EINVAL if the logical offset, off, is out of the range of memory exported by the device to user space. If off + len exceeds the range of the contiguous memory, devmap() should return the length from off to the end of the contiguous memory region. The system will repeatedly call devmap() until the original mapping length is satisfied. The driver sets *maplen to the validated length which must be either less than or equal to len.

The devmap() entry point must initialize the mapping parameters before passing them to the system through either devmap_devmem_setup(9F) (if the memory being mapped is device memory) or devmap_umem_setup(9F) (if the memory being mapped is kernel memory). The devmap() entry point initializes the mapping parameters by mapping the control callback structure (see devmap_callback_ctl(9S)), the device access attributes, mapping length, maximum protection possible for the mapping, and optional mapping flags. See devmap_devmem_setup(9F) and devmap_umem_setup(9F) for further information on initializing the mapping parameters.

The system will copy the driver's devmap_callback_ctl(9S) data into its private memory so the drivers do not need to keep the data structure after the return from either devmap_devmem_setup(9F) or devmap_umem_setup(9F).

For device mappings, the system establishes the mapping to the physical address that corresponds to off by passing the register number and the offset within the register address space to devmap_devmem_setup(9F).

For kernel memory mapping, the system selects a user virtual address that is aligned with the kernel address being mapped for cache coherence.

Return Values

0: Successful completion.
Non-zero: An error occurred.

Examples

Example 1 Implementing the `devmap()` Entry Point

The following is an example of the implementation for the devmap() entry point. For mapping device memory, devmap() calls devmap_devmem_setup(9F) with the register number, rnumber, and the offset within the register, roff. For mapping kernel memory, the driver must first allocate the kernel memory using ddi_umem_alloc(9F). For example, ddi_umem_alloc(9F) can be called in the attach(9E) routine. The resulting kernel memory cookie is stored in the driver soft state structure, which is accessible from the devmap() entry point. See ddi_soft_state(9F). devmap() passes the cookie obtained from ddi_umem_alloc(9F) and the offset within the allocated kernel memory to devmap_umem_setup(9F). The corresponding ddi_umem_free(9F) can be made in the detach(9E) routine to free up the kernel memory.

. . .
#define MAPPING_SIZE 0x2000        /* size of the mapping */
#define MAPPING_START 0x70000000   /* logical offset at beginning 
                                      of the mapping */
static
struct devmap_callback_ctl xxmap_ops = {
	   DEVMAP_OPS_REV,                /* devmap_ops version number */
	   xxmap_map,                     /* devmap_ops map routine */
	   xxmap_access,                  /* devmap_ops access routine */
	   xxmap_dup,                     /* devmap_ops dup routine */
	   xxmap_unmap,                   /* devmap_ops unmap routine  */
};

 
static int
xxdevmap(dev_t dev, devmap_cookie_t dhp, offset_t off, size_t len,
   size_t *maplen, uint_t model)
{
   int    instance;
   struct xxstate *xsp;
   struct ddi_device_acc_attr *endian_attr;
   struct devmap_callback_ctl *callbackops = NULL;
   ddi_umem_cookie_t cookie;
   dev_info_t *dip;
   offset_t   roff;
   offset_t   koff;
   uint_t rnumber;
   uint_t maxprot;
   uint_t flags = 0;
   size_t length;
   int    err;

   /* get device soft state */
   instance = getminor(dev);
   xsp = ddi_get_soft_state(statep, instance);
   if (xsp == NULL)
      return (-1);

   dip = xsp->dip;
   /* check for a valid offset */
   if ( off is invalid )
      return (-1);
   /* check if len is within the range of contiguous memory */
   if ( (off + len) is contiguous.)
       length = len;
   else
       length = MAPPING_START + MAPPING_SIZE - off;

   /* device access attributes */
   endian_attr = xsp->endian_attr;

   if (  off is referring to a device memory.  ) {
                                 /* assign register related parameters */
      rnumber = XXX;             /* index to register set at off */
      roff = XXX;                /* offset of rnumber at local bus */
      callbackops = &xxmap_ops;  /* do all callbacks for this mapping */
      maxprot = PROT_ALL;        /* allowing all access */
      if ((err = devmap_devmem_setup(dhp, dip, callbackops, rnumber, roff,
               length, maxprot, flags, endian_attr)) < 0)

           
          return (err);

   } else if ( off is referring to a kernel memory.) {
      cookie = xsp->cookie;      /* cookie is obtained from 
                                    ddi_umem_alloc(9F) */
      koff = XXX;                /* offset within the kernel memory. */
      callbackops = NULL;        /* don't do callback for this mapping */
      maxprot = PROT_ALL;        /* allowing all access */
      if ((err = devmap_umem_setup(dhp, dip, callbackops, cookie, koff,
               length, maxprot, flags, endian_attr)) < 0)
         return (err);
  }

	    *maplen = length;
    return (0);
}