The following list identifies the process scheduling classes that can be configured on your system. Also included is the user priority range for the timesharing class.
The possible process scheduling classes are as follows:
Fair share (FSS)
Fixed (FX)
System (SYS)
Interactive (IA)
Real-time (RT)
The priority of a process is inherited from the parent process. This priority is referred to as the user-mode priority.
The system looks up the user-mode priority in the timesharing dispatch parameter table. Then, the system adds in any nice or priocntl (user-supplied) priority and ensures a 0–59 range to create a global priority.
The scheduling priority of a process is the priority assigned by the process scheduler, according to scheduling policies. The dispadmin command lists the default scheduling policies. For more information, see the dispadmin(1M) man page.
You can use the priocntl command to assign processes to a priority class and to manage process priorities. For instructions on using the priocntl command to manage processes, see How to Designate a Process Priority (priocntl).
The following example shows output from the priocntl -l command.
# priocntl -l CONFIGURED CLASSES ================== SYS (System Class) TS (Time Sharing) Configured TS User Priority Range: -60 through 60 FX (Fixed priority) Configured FX User Priority Range: 0 through 60 IA (Interactive) Configured IA User Priority Range: -60 through 60 |
Display the global priority of a process by using the ps command.
$ ps -ecl |
The global priority is listed under the PRI column.
The following example shows ps -ecl command output. The values in the PRI column show that the pageout process has the highest priority, while the sh process has the lowest priority.
$ ps -ecl F S UID PID PPID CLS PRI ADDR SZ WCHAN TTY TIME COMD 19 T 0 0 0 SYS 96 f00d05a8 0 ? 0:03 sched 8 S 0 1 0 TS 50 ff0f4678 185 ff0f4848 ? 36:51 init 19 S 0 2 0 SYS 98 ff0f4018 0 f00c645c ? 0:01 pageout 19 S 0 3 0 SYS 60 ff0f5998 0 f00d0c68 ? 241:01 fsflush 8 S 0 269 1 TS 58 ff0f5338 303 ff49837e ? 0:07 sac 8 S 0 204 1 TS 43 ff2f6008 50 ff2f606e console 0:02 sh |
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
Start a process with a designated priority.
# priocntl -e -c class -m user-limit -p pri command-name |
Executes the command.
Specifies the class within which to run the process. The valid classes are TS (timesharing), RT (real time), IA (interactive), FSS (fair share), and FX (fixed priority).
When you use the -p option, specifies the maximum amount you can raise or lower your priority,
Lets you specify the relative priority in the RT class for a real-time thread. For a timesharing process, the -p option lets you specify the user-supplied priority, which ranges from -60 to +60.
Verify the process status.
# ps -ecl | grep command-name |
The following example shows how to start the find command with the highest possible user-supplied priority.
# priocntl -e -c TS -m 60 -p 60 find . -name core -print # ps -ecl | grep find |
Become superuser or assume an equivalent role.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
Change the scheduling parameters of a running timesharing process.
# priocntl -s -m user-limit [-p user-priority] -i idtype idlist |
Lets you set the upper limit on the user priority range and change the current priority.
When you use the -p option, specifies the maximum amount you can raise or lower the priority.
Allows you to designate a priority.
Uses a combination of xidtype and xidlist to identify the process or processes. The xidtype specifies the type of ID, such as the process ID or the user ID. Use xidlist to identify a list of process IDs or user IDs.
Verify the process status.
# ps -ecl | grep idlist |
The following example shows how to execute a command with a 500-millisecond time slice, a priority of 20 in the RT class, and a global priority of 120.
# priocntl -e -c RT -m 500 -p 20 myprog # ps -ecl | grep myprog |
Change the class of a process.
# priocntl -s -c class -i idtype idlist |
Lets you set the upper limit on the user priority range and change the current priority.
Specifies the class, TS for time-sharing or RT for real-time, to which you are changing the process.
Uses a combination of xidtype and xidlist to identify the process or processes. The xidtype specifies the type of ID, such as the process ID or user ID. Use xidlist to identify a list of process IDs or user IDs.
You must be superuser or working in a real-time shell to change a process from, or to, a real-time process. If, as superuser, you change a user process to the real-time class, the user cannot subsequently change the real-time scheduling parameters by using the priocntl -s command.
Verify the process status.
# ps -ecl | grep idlist |
The following example shows how to change all the processes that belong to user 15249 to real-time processes.
# priocntl -s -c RT -i uid 15249 # ps -ecl | grep 15249 |
The nice command is only supported for backward compatibility to previous Solaris releases. The priocntl command provides more flexibility in managing processes.
The priority of a process is determined by the policies of its scheduling class and by its nice number. Each timesharing process has a global priority. The global priority is calculated by adding the user-supplied priority, which can be influenced by the nice or priocntl commands, and the system-calculated priority.
The execution priority number of a process is assigned by the operating system. The priority number is determined by several factors, including the process's scheduling class, how much CPU time it has used, and in the case of a timesharing process, its nice number.
Each timesharing process starts with a default nice number, which it inherits from its parent process. The nice number is shown in the NI column of the ps report.
A user can lower the priority of a process by increasing its user-supplied priority. However, only superuser can lower a nice number to increase the priority of a process. This restriction prevents users from increasing the priorities of their own processes, thereby monopolizing a greater share of the CPU.
The nice numbers range from 0 to +39, with 0 representing the highest priority. The default nice value for each timesharing process is 20. Two versions of the command are available: the standard version, /usr/bin/nice, and the C shell built-in command.
Using this procedure, a user can lower the priority of a process. However, superuser can raise or lower the priority of a process.
This section describes the syntax of the /usr/bin/nice command and not the C-shell built-in nicecommand. For information about the C-shell nice command, see the csh(1) man page.
Determine whether you want to change the priority of a process, either as a user or as superuser. Then, select one of the following:
As a user, lower the priority of a command by increasing the nice number.
The following nice command executes command-name with a lower priority by raising the nice number by 5 units.
$ /usr/bin/nice -5 command-name |
In the preceding command, the minus sign designates that what follows is an option. This command could also be specified as follows:
% /usr/bin/nice -n 5 command-name |
The following nice command lowers the priority of command-name by raising the nice number by the default increment of 10 units, but not beyond the maximum value of 39.
% /usr/bin/nice command-name |
As superuser or assuming an equivalent role, raise or lower the priority of a command by changing the nice number.
The following nice command raises the priority of command-name by lowering the nice number by 10 units, but not below the minimum value of 0.
# /usr/bin/nice --10 command-name |
In the preceding command, the first minus sign designates that what follows is an option. The second minus sign indicates a negative number.
The following nice command lowers the priority of command-name by raising the nice number by 5 units, but not beyond the maximum value of 39.
# /usr/bin/nice -5 command-name |
For more information, see the nice(1) man page.