Solaris 10 10/08 安装指南:基本安装

ProcedureSPARC: 如何安装 ZFS 根池

开始之前

如果要在没有直接连接 DVD-ROM 或 CD-ROM 驱动器的计算机或域上安装 Solaris OS,您可以使用已连接到其他计算机上的 DVD-ROM 或 CD-ROM 驱动器。有关详细说明,请参阅《Solaris 10 10/08 安装指南:基于网络的安装》中的附录 B “远程安装或升级(任务)”

确保您有下列介质。

如果想保留任何现有数据或应用程序,请备份系统。

  1. 插入 Solaris Operating System for SPARC Platforms DVD 或 Solaris Software for SPARC Platforms - 1 CD。

  2. 引导系统。

    • 如果系统是刚从包装中取出的新系统,请打开该系统的电源。

    • 如果要安装当前正在运行的系统,请关闭该系统。

    将显示 ok 提示符。

  3. 启动 Solaris 交互式文本安装程序。不能运行安装 GUI 来安装 ZFS 根池。要从本地 DVD 或 CD 引导并在桌面会话中启动文本安装程序,请键入以下命令


    ok boot cdrom - text
    
    text

    指定在桌面会话中运行文本安装程序。使用此选项可改写缺省的 GUI 安装程序。

    如果操作系统无法定位自识别键盘,下一个屏幕将显示键盘布局选择。


    注 –

    PS/2 键盘不是自识别键盘。在安装期间将会要求您选择键盘布局。


  4. (可选的)从下面的屏幕中选择所需的键盘布局,然后按 F2 键继续。


    Configure Keyboard Layout
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |   Please specify the keyboard layout from the list below.                 |
    |                                                                           |
    |   To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight the option and     |
    |   press Return to mark it [X].                                            |
    |                                                                           |
    |            Keyboard  Layout                                               |
    |            -----------------------                                        |
    |       [  ] Serbia-And Montenegro                                          |
    |       [  ] Slovenian                                                      |
    |       [  ] Slovakian                                                      |
    |       [  ] Spanish                                                        |
    |       [  ] Swedish                                                        |
    |       [  ] Swiss-French                                                   |
    |       [  ] Swiss-German                                                   |
    |       [  ] Taiwanese                                                      |
    |       [  ] TurkishQ                                                       |
    |       [  ] TurkishF                                                       |
    |       [  ] UK-English                                                     |
    |       [ X] US-English                                                     |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    系统会配置设备和接口,并搜索配置文件。可能会显示语言选项列表。如果未显示此屏幕,请跳至步骤 6

  5. (可选的)您可以看到一个用于选择语言的屏幕。选择要在安装期间使用的语言,然后按 F2 键。


    Select a Language
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |   Please specify the the language from the list below.                    |
    |                                                                           |
    |   To make a selection, use the arrow keys to highlight the option and     |
    |   press Return to mark it [X].                                            |
    |                                                                           |
    |       [  ] English                                                        |
    |       [  ] French                                                         |
    |       [  ] German                                                         |
    |       [  ] Italian                                                        |
    |       [  ] Japanese                                                       |
    |       [  ] Korean                                                         |
    |       [  ] Simplified Chinese                                             |
    |       [  ] Spanish                                                        |
    |       [  ] Swedish                                                        |
    |       [  ] Traditional Chinese                                            |
    |       [  ] UK-English                                                     |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  6. 按 F2 键开始安装。如果有提示,请回答其余的配置问题。

    在回答配置问题并设置超级用户口令之后,将显示 "Solaris Interactive Installation" 屏幕。


    Solaris Interactive Installation
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |On the following screens, you can accept the defaults or you can customize |
    | how Solaris software will be install by:                                  |
    |  - Selecting the type of Solaris software to install                      |
    |  - Selecting disks to hold the software you've selected                   |
    |  - Selecting unbundled products to be installed with Solaris              |
    |  - Specifying how file systems are laid out on the disks                  |
    |                                                                           |
    |After completing these tasks, a summary of your selections                 |
    |(called a profile) will be displayed.                                      |
    |                                                                           |
    |There are two ways to install your Solaris software:                       |
    |                                                                           |
    |  - "Standard" installs your system from a standard Solaris                |
    |     Distribution. Selecting "standard" allows you to choose               |
    |     between initial install and upgrade, if your system is upgradeable.   |
    |                                                                           |
    |  - "Flash" installs your system from one or more Flash Archives.          |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  7. 决定是否要自动重新引导系统,以及是否要自动弹出光盘。按 F2 键。

    如果系统中已经有 ZFS 存储池,则可通过以下消息确认它们,但它们会保持不变,除非您选择现有池中的磁盘来创建新的存储池。


    There are existing ZFS pools available on this system.  However, they can only be upgraded 
    using the Live Upgrade tools.  The following screens will only allow you to install a ZFS root system, 
    not upgrade one.

    “许可证”屏幕会出现。

  8. 接受许可证协议以便继续安装。按 F2 键。

    此时将显示 "Select Upgrade or Initial Install" 屏幕。如果您具有可以升级的 UFS 文件系统,则会显示此屏幕。如果没有显示此屏幕,请跳至步骤 10

  9. 要执行 ZFS 安装,则必须按 F4 键进行初始安装。

    将显示用于选择地理区域、语言环境和其他产品的各个屏幕。

  10. 选择所需的地理区域、语言环境和其他产品。

    此时将显示 "Choose a Filesystem Type" 屏幕。

  11. 要创建 ZFS 根池,请选择 "ZFS" 选项,然后按 F2 键。


    Choose a Filesystem Type
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |   Select the filesystem to use for your Solaris installation              |
    |                                                                           |
    |           [ ] UFS                                                         |
    |           [X] ZFS                                                         |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    此时将显示 "Select Software" 屏幕。

  12. 选择要执行的安装类型。按 F2 键。

    要执行缺省安装,请接受所提供的缺省值。要执行自定义安装,请在文本安装程序屏幕中编辑值。在本示例屏幕中,为安装选中了缺省值 "Entire Distribution Software Group"。

    有关软件组的更多信息,请参见软件组的磁盘空间建议


    Select Software
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |Select the Solaris software to install on the system                       |
    |                                                                           |
    |Note: After selecting a software group, you can add or remove              |
    |software by customizing it. However this requires understanding of         |
    |software dependencies and how Solaris software is packaged.                |
    |                                                                           |
    |  [ ] Entire Distribution plus OEM support ......5838.00 MB                |
    |  [X] Entire Distribution........................5830.00 MB                |
    |  [ ] Developer System Support...................5695.00 MB                |
    |  [ ] End User System Support....................4747.00 MB                |
    |  [ ] Core System Support........................1558.00 MB                |
    |  [ ] Reduced Networking Core System Support.....1512.00 MB                |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    此时将显示 "Select Disks" 屏幕。

  13. 在选择要安装的软件之后,系统将提示您选择用来创建 ZFS 存储池的磁盘。此屏幕与以前的 Solaris 发行版类似,但以下文本除外:


    For ZFS, multiple disks will be configured as mirrors, so the disk you choose, 
    or the slice within the disk must exceed the Suggested Minimum value.

    您可以选择要用于 ZFS 根池的一个或多个磁盘。

    • 如果您选择了一个磁盘并希望在以后配置镜像,请参见《Solaris ZFS 管理指南》中的“管理 ZFS 存储池中的设备”中的 zpool attach 命令。

    • 如果您选择了两个磁盘,则为根池设置镜像的双磁盘配置。镜像的双磁盘或三磁盘池是最优配置。

    • 如果您有八个磁盘并选择了全部八个磁盘,则这八个磁盘将作为一个大的镜像用于根池。这不是最优配置。

    不支持根池的 RAID-Z 池配置。有关配置 ZFS 存储池的更多信息,请参见《Solaris ZFS 管理指南》中的“ZFS 存储池的复制功能”


    Select Disks
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |On this screen you must select the disks for installing Solaris            |
    |software. Start by looking at the Suggested Minimum Field;                 |
    |this value is the approximate space needed to install the software         |
    |you've selected. For ZFS, multiple disks will be configured as mirrors,    |
    |so the disk you choose on the slice within the disk must exceed            |
    |the Suggested Minimum Value.                                               |
    |                                                                           |
    |  Note: xx denotes the current boot disk                                   |
    |                                                                           |
    |Disk Device                                        Available Space         |
    |========================================================================== |
    |                                                                           |
    |[X]xx c0t0d0                                        29164 MB (F4 to edit)  |
    |                                                                           |
    |                                 Maximum Root Size: 29164 MB               |
    |                                 Suggested Minimum: 5838 MB                |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                               |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    此时将显示 "Preserve Data" 屏幕。

  14. (可选)保留用来安装软件的磁盘上的数据。

    如果您选择用于安装软件的磁盘中包含文件系统或具有要保存的未命名的片,则可以立即保存这些文件系统或未命名的片。


    Preserve Data?
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |Do you want to preserve existing data? At least one of the disks you've    |
    |selected for installing Solaris software has file systems or unnamed slices|
    |that you may want to save                                                  |
    |                                                                           |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue      F4_Preserve    F6_Help                                |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    如果按了 F4 键来保存数据,则会显示用于保存数据的屏幕。

  15. (可选)选择要保存的数据。


    Preserve Data
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    |On this screen you can perserve the data on some or all disk slices. Any   |
    |slice you preserve will not be touched when Solaris software is installed  |
    |If  you preserve data on / (root), /usr, or /var you  must rename them     |
    |because new versions of these file systems are created when Solaris        |
    |software is installed.                                                     |
    |                                                                           |
    |Warning: Preserving an 'overlap' slice will not preserve any data within   |
    |it. To preserve this data, you must explicitly set the mount point name.   |
    |                                                                           |
    |Mount Point or Pool                   State    Disk/Slice             Size |
    |========================================================================== |
    |[ ] zfs: rpool                        Online    c0t0d0s0          27133 MB |
    |[ ]swap                                         c0t1d0s1           2047 MB |
    |[X]overlap                                      c0t2d0s2          29188 MB |
    |                                                                           |
    |                                                                           |
    |    F2_Continue                     F6_Help                                |
    +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

    此时将显示用于配置 ZFS 设置的屏幕。

  16. 您可以接受缺省值。您也可以更改 ZFS 池的名称、数据集名称、池大小、交换和转储。另外,您可以修改创建和挂载 /var 文件系统的方法。


    Configure ZFS Settings
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -+
    |Specify the name of the pool to be created from the disk(s) you have chosen.|
    |Also specify the name of the dataset to be created within the pool that is  |
    |to be used as the root directory for the filesystem.                        |
    |                                                                            |
    |                                                                            |
    |              ZFS Pool Name: rpool                                          |
    |      ZFS Root Dataset Name: szboot_0507                                    |
    |          ZFS Pool Size in (MB): 17270                                      |
    |          Size of swap area in (MB): 1024                                   |
    |          Size of dump area in (MB): 1024                                   |
    |        (Pool size must be between 9472 MB and 17270 MB)                    |
    |                                                                            |
    |                         [X] Keep / and /var combined                       |
    |                         [ ] Put /var on a separate dataset                 |
    |                                                                            |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                                |
    +------------------------------------------------------------------------- --+

    此时将显示用于挂载远程文件系统的屏幕。

  17. 确定是否要挂载远程文件系统。


    Mount Remote File System
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -+
    |Do you want to mount a software from a remote file server? This may         |
    |be necessary if you had to remove software because of disk space problems.  |
    |                                                                            |
    |                                                                            |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                                |
    +------------------------------------------------------------------------- --+

    此时将显示最终的安装屏幕。

  18. 查看用来显示您选择的安装选项的 "Profile" 屏幕。如果需要,可以更改安装配置文件。以下示例显示的是最终的 "Profile" 安装屏幕。


    Profile
    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------- -+
    |The information shown below is your profile for installing Solaris software.|
    |It reflects the choices you've made on previous screens.                    |
    |                                                                            |
    |============================================================================|
    |                                                                            |
    |                Installation Option: Initial                                |
    |                        Boot Device: c1t2d0                                 |
    |              Root File System Type: ZFS                                    |
    |                    Client Services: None                                   |
    |                                                                            |
    |                            Regions: North America                          |
    |                      System Locale: C ( C )                                |
    |                                                                            |
    |                           Software: Solaris 10, Entire Distribution        |
    |                          Pool Name: rpool                                  |
    |              Boot Environment Name: szboot_0507                            |
    |                          Pool Size: 17270 MB                               |
    |                    Devices in Pool: c1t2d0                                 |
    |                                                                            |
    |                                                                            |
    |    F2_Continue      F6_Help                                                |
    +------------------------------------------------------------------------- --+
  19. 要安装 Solaris 软件,请按 F2 键。按照屏幕上的说明安装 Solaris 软件。

    当 Solaris 交互式文本程序完成 Solaris 软件的安装后,系统会自动重新引导或提示您手动重新引导。

    如果要安装其他产品,系统会提示您插入这些产品的 DVD 或 CD。关于安装过程,请参阅相应的安装文档。

    安装完成后,安装日志会保存在一个文件中。您可以在 /var/sadm/system/logs/var/sadm/install/logs 目录中找到安装日志。

    安装完成。

  20. 如果安装过程中未选择自动引导,请重新引导系统。


    # reboot
    

    您的系统将引导至您安装的 ZFS 根池。

    您可以使用带 -L 选项的 boot 命令来显示可用引导环境的列表。有关基于 SPARC 的引导的更多信息,请参见《系统管理指南:基本管理》中的“在基于 SPARC 的系统上从 ZFS 根文件系统引导”

  21. 安装完成后,请查看生成的 ZFS 存储池和文件系统信息,如以下示例所示。

    ZFS 根池是一种特殊的池,不需要进行管理。zfs list 输出样例标识了根池组件(如 rpool/ROOT 项),缺省情况下,这些项是无法访问的。


    # zpool status
      pool: rpool
     state: ONLINE
     scrub: none requested
    config:
    
            NAME        STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
            rpool       ONLINE       0     0     0
            c1t2d0s0  ONLINE       0     0     0
    
    errors: No known data errors
    # zfs list
    NAME                     USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
    rpool                   6.83G  9.66G    62K  /rpool
    rpool/ROOT              5.82G  9.66G    18K  legacy
    rpool/ROOT/szboot_0507  5.82G  9.66G  5.82G  
    rpool/dump               512M  9.66G   512M  -
    rpool/swap               518M  9.66G   518M  -

    如果您最初使用一个磁盘创建了 ZFS 存储池,您可以在安装之后将此磁盘转换为镜像 ZFS 配置。有关添加或附加磁盘的更多信息,请参见《Solaris ZFS 管理指南》中的“管理 ZFS 存储池中的设备”

故障排除

如果您在安装过程中遇到任何问题,请参见《Solaris 10 10/08 安装指南:自定义 JumpStart 和高级安装》中的附录 A “疑难解答(任务)”