dbri(7D)
NAME | DESCRIPTION | ERRORS | FILES | ATTRIBUTES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | BUGS
NAME
- dbri- Dual Basic Rate ISDN and audio Interface
DESCRIPTION
The dbri device uses the T5900FC Dual Basic Rate ISDN Interface (DBRI) and Multimedia Codec chips to implement the audio device interface. This interface is described fully in the audio(7I) manual page.
Applications that open /dev/audio may use the AUDIO_GETDEV ioctl to determine which audio device is being used. The dbri driver will return the string "SUNW,dbri" in the name field of the audio_device structure. The version field will contain "e" and the config field will contain one of the following values: "isdn_b" on an ISDN B channel stream, "speakerbox" on a /dev/audio stream associated with a SpeakerBox, and lastly "onboard1" on a /dev/audio stream associated with the onboard Multimedia Codec.
The AUDIO_SETINFO ioctl controls device configuration parameters. When an application modifies the record.buffer_size field using the AUDIO_SETINFO ioctl, the driver will constrain it to be non-zero and a multiple of 16 bytes, up to a maximum of 8176 bytes.
Audio Interfaces
The SpeakerBox audio peripheral is available for connection to the SpeakerBox Interface (SBI) port of most dbri equipped systems and provides an integral monaural speaker as well as stereo line out, stereo line in, stereo headphone, and monaural microphone connections. The headset output level is adequate to power most headphones, but may be too low for some external speakers. Powered speakers or an external amplifier may be used with both the headphone and line out ports.
SPARCstation LX systems have the Multimedia Codec integrated onto the CPU board of the machine thus giving users the option of using it or using a SpeakerBox plugged into the AUI/Audio port on the back panel. When using the "onboard" Codec, the microphone and headphone ports are located on the system back panel - there are no Line In or Line Out ports available for this configuration. In addition, the headphone and microphone ports do not have the input detection circuitry to determine whether or not there is currently headphones or a microphone plugged in. If a SpeakerBox is plugged in when the machine is first rebooted and reconfigured, or upon the first access of the audio device, it will be used, otherwise the onboard Codec will be used.
The Sun Microphone is recommended for normal desktop audio recording. When the Sun Microphone is used in conjunction with the SpeakerBox, the microphone battery is bypassed. Other audio sources may be recorded by connecting their line output to the SpeakerBox line input (audio sources may also be connected from their headphone output if the volume is adjusted properly).
ISDN Interfaces
The DBRI controller offers two Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) interfaces. One is a BRI Terminal Equipment (TE) interface and the other is a BRI Network Termination (NT) interface.
The NT connector is switched by a relay so that when system power is not available or when software is not accessing the NT port, the TE and NT connectors are electrically connected and devices plugged into the NT port will be on the same BRI passive bus.
Audio Data Formats for the Multimedia Codec/SpeakerBox
The dbri device supports the audio formats listed in the following table. When the device is open for simultaneous play and record, the input and output data formats must match.
| Supported Audio Data Formats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sampe Rate | Encoding | Precision | Channels |
| 8000 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 9600 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 11025 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 16000 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 18900 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 22050 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 32000 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 37800 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 44100 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 48000 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| 8000 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 9600 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 11025 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 16000 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 18900 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 22050 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 32000 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 37800 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 44100 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
| 48000 Hz | linear | 16 | 1 or 2 |
Audio Data Formats for BRI Interfeces
ISDN channels implement a subset of audio semantics. The preferred ioctls for querying or setting the format of a BRI channel are ISDN_GET_FORMAT, ISDN_SET_FORMAT, and ISDN_SET_CHANNEL. In particular, there is no audio format described in audio(7I) that covers HDLC or transparent data. The dbri driver maps HDLC and transparent data to AUDIO_ENCODING_NONE. ISDN D-channels are always configured for HDLC encoding of data. The programmer should interpret an encoding value of AUDIO_ENCODING_NONE as an indication that the fd is not being used to transfer audio data.
B-channels can be configured for mu-law (as in the Greek letter mu), A-law, or HDLC encoding of data. The mu-law and A-law formats are always at 8000 Hz, 8-bit, mono. Although a BRI H-channel is actually 16 bits wide at the physical layer and the 16-bit sample occurs at 8 kHz, the HDLC encoding always presents the data in 8-bit quantities. Therefore, 56 bit-per-second (bps), 64 bps, and 128 bps formats are all presented to the programmer as 8-bit wide, mono, AUDIO_ENCODING_NONE format streams at different sample rates. A line rate of 56kbps results in a 8-bit sample rate of 7000 Hz. If the bit stuffing and un-stuffing of HDLC were taken into account, the data rate would be slightly less.
For the sake of compatibility, AUDIO_GETINFO will return one of the following on a ISDN channel:
| BRI Audio Data Formats | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Rate | Encoding | Precision | Channels |
| 8000 Hz | mu-law or A-law | 8 | 1 |
| - | AUDIO_ENCODING_NONE | - | - |
ISDN_GET_FORMAT will return one of the following for an ISDN channel:
| BRI Audio Data Formats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mode | Sample Rate | Encoding | Precision | # Ch | Available on |
| HDLC | 2000 Hz | NONE | 8 | 1 | D |
| HDLC | 7000 Hz | NONE | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| HDLC | 8000 Hz | NONE | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| HDLC | 16000 Hz | NONE | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| TRANS | 8000 Hz | mu-law | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| TRANS | 8000 Hz | A-law | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| TRANS | 8000 Hz | NONE | 8 | 1 | B1,B2 |
| TRANS | 8000 Hz | NONE | 16 | 1 | B1 only |
In the previous table:
HDLC = ISDN_MODE_HDLC TRANS = ISDN_MODE_TRANSPARENT
Audio Ports
Audio ports are not relevant to ISDN D or B channels.
The record.avail_ports and play.avail_ports fields of the audio_info structure report the available input and output ports. The dbri device supports two input ports, selected by setting the record.port field to either AUDIO_MICROPHONE or AUDIO_LINE_IN. The play.port field may be set to any combination of AUDIO_SPEAKER, AUDIO_HEADPHONE, and AUDIO_LINE_OUT by OR'ing the desired port names together. As noted above, when using the onboard Multimedia Codec on the SPARCstation LX, the Line In and Line Out ports are not available.
Sample Granularity
Since the dbri device manipulates buffers of audio data, at any given time the reported input and output sample counts will vary from the actual sample count by no more than the size of the buffers it is transferring. Programs should, in general, not rely on absolute accuracy of the play.samples and record.samples fields of the audio_info structure.
Audio Status Change Notification
As described in audio(7I), it is possible to request asynchronous notification of changes in the state of an audio device. The DBRI driver extends this to the ISDN B channels by sending the signal up the data channel instead of the control channel. Asynchronous notification of events on a B-channel only occurs when the channel is in a transparent data mode. When the channel is in HDLC mode, no such notification will take place.
ERRORS
- ENODEV
-
The driver is unable to communicate with the SpeakerBox, possibly because it is currently not plugged in.
In addition to the errors described in audio(7I), an open() will fail if:
FILES
- /dev/audio
-
symlink to the system's primary audio device, not necessarily a dbri based audio device
- /dev/audioctl
-
control device for the above audio device
- /dev/sound/0*
-
represents the first audio device on the system and is not necessarily based on dbri or SpeakerBox
- /dev/sound/0
-
first audio device in the system
- /dev/sound/0ctl
-
audio control for above device
- /dev/isdn/0/*
-
represents the first ISDN device on the system and any associated interfaces. This device is not necessarily based on dbri.
- /dev/isdn/0/te/mgt
-
TE management device
- /dev/isdn/0/te/d
-
TE D channel
- /dev/isdn/0/te/b1
-
TE B1 channel
- /dev/isdn/0/te/b2
-
TE B2 channel
- /dev/isdn/0/nt/mgt
-
NT management device
- /dev/isdn/0/nt/d
-
NT D channel
- /dev/isdn/0/nt/b1
-
NT B1 channel
- /dev/isdn/0/nt/b2
-
NT B2 channel
- /dev/isdn/0/aux/0
-
SpeakerBox or onboard Multimedia Codec
- /dev/isdn/0/aux/0ctl
-
Control device for SpeakerBox or onboard Multimedia Codec
- /usr/demo/SOUND
-
audio demonstration programs and other files
The physical device names are very system dependent and are rarely used by programmers. For example:
/devices/sbus@1,f8000000/SUNW,DBRIe@1,10000:te,b2.
The programmer should instead use the generic device names listed below:
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
|---|---|
| Architecture | SPARC |
The DBRI Multimedia Codec, and SpeakerBox are available on SPARCstation 10 and LX systems.
SPARCstation 10SX and SPARCstation 20 systems have the Multimedia Codec integrated onto the CPU board of the machine.
This hardware may or may not be available on future systems from Sun Microsystems Computer Corporation.
There are new configurations for the SX10SX and Gypsy machines. The SS10BSX looks like a speakerbox but does not have auto-detection of the Headphone and Microphone ports. The Gypsy claims to be "onboard" but does have line in and line out ports.
SEE ALSO
ioctl(2), attributes(5), audio(7I), isdnio(7I), streamio(7I)
AT&T Microelectronics data sheet for the T5900FC Sun Dual Basic Rate ISDN Interface.
Crystal Semiconductor, Inc., data sheet for the CS4215 16-Bit, 48 kHz, Multimedia Audio Codec Publication number DS76PP5.
NOTES
Due to hardware restrictions, it is impossible to reduce the record gain to 0. A valid input signal is still received at the lowest gain setting the Multimedia Codec allows. For security reasons, the dbri driver disallows a record gain value of 0. This is to provide feedback to the user that such a setting is not possible and that a valid input signal is still being received. An attempt to set the record gain to 0 will result in the lowest possible non-zero gain. The audio_info structure will be updated with this value when the AUDIO_SETINFO ioctl returns.
BUGS
When a DBRI channel associated with the SpeakerBox Interface underruns, DBRI may not always repeat the last sample but instead could repeat more than one sample. This behavior can result in a tone being generated by an audio device connected to the SBI port.
Monitor STREAMs connected to a B1 channel on either the TE or NT interface do not work because of a DBRI hardware problem. The device driver disallows the creation of such monitors.
NAME | DESCRIPTION | ERRORS | FILES | ATTRIBUTES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | BUGS
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