man Pages(5): Headers, Tables and Macros

XPG3(5)

NAME

standards, ANSI, C, ISO, POSIX, POSIX.1, POSIX.2, SUS, SUSv2, SVID, SVID3, XNS, XNS4, XNS5, XPG, XPG3, XPG4, XPG4v2- standards and specifications supported by Solaris

DESCRIPTION

Solaris 7 supports IEEE Std 1003.1 and IEEE Std 1003.2, commonly known as POSIX.1 and POSIX.2, respectively. The following table lists each version of these standards with a brief description and the SunOS or Solaris release that first conformed to it.

`POSIX Standard`	`Description`	`Release`
POSIX.1-1988	system interfaces and headers	SunOS 4.1
POSIX.1-1990	POSIX.1-1988 update	Solaris 2.0
POSIX.1b-1993	realtime extensions	Solaris 2.4
POSIX.1c-1996	threads extensions	Solaris 2.6
POSIX.2-1992	shell and utilities	Solaris 2.5
POSIX.2a-1992	interactive shell and utilities	Solaris 2.5

Solaris 7 also supports the X/Open Common Applications Environment (CAE) Portability Guide Issue 3 (XPG3) and Issue 4 (XPG4), Single UNIX Specification (SUS, also known as XPG4v2), and Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 (SUSv2). Both XPG4 and SUS include Networking Services Issue 4 (XNS4). SUSv2 includes Networking Services Issue 5 (XNS5).

Solaris 7 also supports two application programming environments, ILP32 (32-bit) and LP64 (64-bit).

The following table lists each X/Open specification with a brief description and the SunOS or Solaris release that first conformed to it.

`X/Open CAE Specification`	`Description`	`Release`
XPG3	superset of POSIX.1-1988 containing utilities from SVID3	SunOS 4.1
XPG4	superset of POSIX.1-1990, POSIX.2-1992, and POSIX.2a-1992 containing extensions to POSIX standards from XPG3	Solaris 2.4
SUS (XPG4v2)	superset of XPG4 containing historical BSD interfaces widely used by common application packages	Solaris 2.6
XNS4	sockets and XTI interfaces	Solaris 2.6
SUSv2	superset of SUS extended to support POSIX.1b-1993, POSIX.1c-1996, and ISO/IEC 9899 (C Standard) Amendment 1	Solaris 7
XNS5	superset and LP64-clean derivative of XNS4.	Solaris 7

The XNS4 specification is safe for use only in ILP32 (32-bit) environments and should not be used for LP64 (64-bit) application environments. Use XNS5, which has LP64-clean interfaces that are portable across ILP32 and LP64 environments.

Solaris 7 has been branded to conform to The Open Group's UNIX 98 Product Standard.

Solaris releases 2.0 through 7 also support the interfaces specified by the System V Interface Definition, Third Edition, Volumes 1 through 4 (SVID3). Note, however, that since the developers of this specification (UNIX Systems Laboratories) are no longer in business and since this specification defers to POSIX and X/Open CAE specifications, there is some disagreement about what is currently required for conformance to this specification.

When Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 4.2 is installed, Solaris releases 2.0 through 7 support the ANSI X3.159-1989 Programming Language - C and ISO/IEC 9899:1990 Programming Language - C (C) interfaces.

When Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 5.0 is installed, Solaris 7 also supports ISO/IEC 9899 Amendment 1: C Integrity.

Utilities

If the behavior required by POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, XPG4, SUS, or SUSv2 conflicts with historical Solaris utility behavior, the original Solaris version of the utility is unchanged; a new version that is standard-conforming has been provided in /usr/xpg4/bin . For applications wishing to take advantage of POSIX.2, POSIX.2a, XPG4, SUS, or SUSv2 features, the PATH ( sh or ksh ) or path ( csh ) environment variables should be set with /usr/xpg4/bin preceding any other directories in which utilities specified by those specifications are found, such as /bin , /usr/bin , /usr/ucb , and /usr/ccs/bin .

Feature Test Macros

ANSI/ISO C

No feature test macros need to be defined to indicate that an application is a conforming C application. Feature test macros are used by applications to indicate additional sets of features that are desired beyond those specified by the C standard.

POSIX

Applications that are intended to be conforming POSIX.1 applications must define the feature test macros specified by the standard before including any headers. For the standards listed below, applications must define the feature test macros listed. Application writers must check the corresponding standards for other macros that can be queried to determine if desired options are supported by the implementation.

`POSIX Standard`	`Feature Test Macros`
POSIX.1-1990	`_POSIX_SOURCE`
POSIX.1-1990 and	`_POSIX_SOURCE` and
POSIX.2-1992 C-Language	`_POSIX_C_SOURCE=2`
Bindings Option
POSIX.1b-1993	`_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L`
POSIX.1c-1996	`_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L`

SVID3

The SVID3 specification does not specify any feature test macros to indicate that an application is written to meet SVID3 requirements. The SVID3 specification was written before the C standard was completed.

X/Open CAE

To build or compile an application that conforms to one of the X/Open CAE specifications, use the following guidelines. Applications need not set the POSIX feature test macros if they require both CAE and POSIX functionality.

XPG3: The application must define _XOPEN_SOURCE with a value other than 500 (preferably 1).
XPG4: The application must define _XOPEN_SOURCE with a value other than 500 (preferably 1) and set _XOPEN_VERSION=4 .
SUS (XPG4v2): The application must define _XOPEN_SOURCE with a value other than 500 (preferably 1) and set _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1 .
SUSv2: The application must define _XOPEN_SOURCE=500 .

Compilation

A POSIX.2-, XPG4-, SUS-, or SUSv2-conforming implementation must include an ANSI X3.159-1989 (ANSI C Language) standard-conforming compilation system and the cc and c89 utilities. Solaris 7 was tested with the cc and c89 utilities and the compilation system provided by Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 5.0 in the SPARC and x86 environments. When cc is used to link applications, /usr/ccs/lib/values-xpg4.o must be specified on any link/load command line, but the preferred way to build applications is described below.

An XNS4- or XNS5-conforming application must include -l XNS on any link/load command line.

If the compiler suppports the redefine_extname pragma feature (the Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 4.2 and Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 5.0 compiler defines the macro __PRAGMA_REDEFINE_EXTNAME to indicate that it supports this feature), then the standard headers use #pragma redefine_extname directives to properly map function names onto library entry point names. This mapping provides full support for ISO C, POSIX, and X/Open namespace reservations. The Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 5.0 compiler was used for all branding and certification tests for Solaris 7.

If this pragma feature is not supported by the compiler, the headers use the #define directive to map internal function names onto appropriate library entry point names. In this instance, applications should avoid using the explicit 64-bit file offset symbols listed on the lf64(5) manual page, since these names are used by the implementation to name the alternative entry points.

When using Sun WorkShop Compiler(TM) C 5.0 , applications conforming to the specifications listed above should be compiled using the utilities and flags indicated in the following table:

`Specification`	`Suggested Compiler and Flags`	`Required Feature Test Macros`
ANSI/ISO C	`c89`	none
SVID3	`cc -Xt`	none
POSIX.1-1990	`c89`	`_POSIX_SOURCE`
POSIX.1-1990 and POSIX.2-1992 C-Language Bindings Option	`c89`	`_POSIX_SOURCE` and _POSIX_C_SOURCE=2
POSIX.1b-1993	`c89`	`_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199309L`
POSIX.1c-1996	`c89`	`_POSIX_C_SOURCE=199506L`
CAE XPG3	`cc -Xa`	`_XOPEN_SOURCE`
CAE XPG4	`c89`	`_XOPEN_SOURCE` and
		`_XOPEN_VERSION=4`
SUS (CAE XPG4v2) (includes XNS4)	`c89`	`_XOPEN_SOURCE` and
		`_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED=1`
SUSv2 (includes XNS5)	`c89`	`_XOPEN_SOURCE=500`

For platforms supporting the LP64 (64-bit) programming environment where the SC5.0 Compilers have been installed, SUSv2-conforming LP64 applications using XNS5 library calls should be built with command lines of the form:

c89 $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_CFLAGS) -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 \\
    $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LDFLAGS) foo.c -o foo \\
    $(getconf XBS5_LP64_OFF64_LIBS) -lxnet