System Environment

Locale Environment Variable

To use the en_US.UTF-8 locale environment, make sure to choose the locale first. Be sure you have the en_US.UTF-8 locale installed on your system.

To use the en_US.UTF-8 locale environment

1. In a TTY environment, choose the locale first, by setting the LANG environment variable to en_US.UTF-8, as in the following C-shell example:

   system% setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8

2. Make sure that other categories are not set (or are set to en_US.UTF-8) since the LANG environment variable has a lower priority than other environment variables such as LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, LC_NUMERIC, LC_MONETARY and LC_TIME at setting the locale. See the setlocale(3C) man page for more details about the hierarchy of environment variables.

3. To check current locale settings in various categories, use the locale(1) utility. locale(1)

system% locale 
			LANG=en_US.UTF-8
			LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
			LC_ALL=

You can also start the en_US.UTF-8 environment from the CDE desktop. At the CDE login screen's Options -> Language menu, choose en_US.UTF-8.

TTY Environment Setup

To ensure correct text edit operation by a terminal or by a terminal emulator such as dtterm(1), users should push certain locale-specific STREAMS modules onto their Streams.

For more information on STREAMS modules and streams in general, see the STREAMS Programming Guide.

Table 4-1 shows STREAMS modules supported by the en_US.UTF-8 locale in the terminal environment:

Table 4-2 lists the 64-bit STREAMS Modules Supported by en_US.UTF-8.

Loading a STREAMS Module at Kernel

To load a STREAMS module at kernel, first become root:

system% su
Password:
system#

To determine whether you are running a 32-bit Solaris or 64-bit Solaris system, use the isainfo(1) utility as follows:

system# isainfo -v
	64-bit sparcv9 applications
	32-bit sparc applications
	system#

If the command returns this information, you are running the 64-bit Solaris system. If you are running the 32-bit Solaris system, the utility shows the following:

system# isainfo -v
	32-bit sparc applications
	system#

Use modinfo(1M) to be certain that your system has not already loaded the STREAMS module:

system# modinfo | grep eucu8modulename

If the STREAMS module, such as eucu8, is already installed, the output will look as follows:

system# modinfo | grep eucu8
89 ff798000  4b13  18   1  eucu8 (eucu8 module)
system#

If the module is already installed, you don't need to load it. However, if the module has not yet been loaded, use modload(1M)as follows:

system# modload /usr/kernel/strmod/eucu8modulename

This loads the 32-bit eucu8 STREAMS module at the kernel, so you can push it onto a Stream. If you are running the 64-bit Solaris product, use modload(1M) as follows:

system# modload /usr/kernel/strmod/sparcv9/eucu8

The STREAMS module is installed at the kernel, and you can now push it onto a Stream.

To unload a module from the kernel, use modunload(1M), as shown below. In this example, the eucu8 module is being unloaded.

system# modinfo | grep eucu8
89 ff798000  4b13  18   1  eucu8 (eucu8 module)
system# modunload -i 89

dtterm and Terminals Capable of Input and Output of UTF-8 Characters

The dtterm(1) and any terminal that supports input and output of the UTF-8 codeset should have the following STREAMS configuration:

head <-> ttcompat <-> u8euc <->  ldterm <-> eucu8 <-> pseudo-TTY

In this example, u8euc and eucu8 are the modules supported by the en_US.UTF-8 locale. Make sure you already loaded the STREAMS modules into the kernel as specified in the previous section.

To set up the above STREAMS configuration, use,strchg(1) as shown below:

system% cat > /tmp/mystreams 
ttcompat
u8euc
ldterm
eucu8
ptem
^D
system% strchg -f /tmp/mystreams

When using strchg(1) , be sure you are either root or the owner of the device. To see the current configuration of STREAMS, use strconf(1) as shown below:

system% strconf
ttcompat
u8euc
ldterm
eucu8
ptem
pts
system%

To revert to the original configuration, set the STREAMS configuration again as shown below:

system% cat > /tmp/orgstreams
ttcompat
ldterm
ptem
^D
system% strchg -f/tmp/orgstreams

Terminal Support for Latin-1, Latin-2, or KOI8-R

For terminals that support only Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1), Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2), or KOI8-R, you should have the following STREAMS configuration:

head <-> ttcompat <-> u8euc  <-> ldterm <-> eucu8 <-> u8lat1 <-> TTY

This configuration is only for terminals that support Latin-1. For Latin-2 terminals, replace the STREAMS module u8lat1 with u8lat2. For KOI8-R terminals, replace the module with u8koi8.

To set up the STREAMS configuration shown above, use strchg(1), as follows:

system% cat > tmp/mystreams
ttcompat
u8euc
ldterm
eucu8
u8lat1
ptem
^D
system% strchg -f /tmp/mystreams

Be sure that you are either root or the owner of the device when you use strchg(1). To see the current configuration, usestrchg(1) , as follows:

system% strconf
ttcompat
u8euc
ldterm
eucu8
u8lat1
ptem
pts
system%

To revert to the original configuration, set the STREAMS configuration as follows:

system% cat > /tmp/orgstreams
ttcompat
ldterm
ptem
^D
system% strchg -f  /tmp/orgstreams

Setting Terminal Options

To set up the UTF-8 text edit behavior on TTY, you must first set some terminal options using stty(1) as follows:

system% /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw

Since /usr/ucb/stty is not yet internationalized, you should use /bin/stty instead.

You can also query the current settings using stty(1) with the -a option, as shown below:

system% /bin/stty -a

Saving the Settings in ~/.cshrc

Assuming the necessary STREAMS modules are already loaded with the kernel, you can save the following lines in your .cshrc file (C shell example) for convenience:

setenv LANG en_US.UTF-8
if ($?USER != 0 && $?prompt != 0) then
				 cat >! /tmp/mystreams$$ << _EOF
				 ttcompat
				 u8euc
				 ldtterm
				 eucu8
				 ptem
_EOF
				 /bin/strchg -f /tmp/mystream$$
				 /bin/rm -f /tmp/mystream$$
				 /bin/stty cs8 -istrip defeucw
endif

With these lines in your.cshrc file, you do not have to type all of the commands each time. Note that the second _EOF should be in the first column of the file. You can also create a file called mystreams and save it so the .cshrc references to mystreams instead of creating it whenever you start a C shell.