A new keyword is added to the language. Use of the assert keyword is governed by one modified production and one new production in the grammar:
StatementWithoutTrailingSubstatement:
<All current possibilities, as per JLS,
Section 14.4> AssertStatement
AssertStatement:
assert Expression1;
assert Expression1 : Expression2;
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In both forms of the assert statement, Expression1 must be of type boolean or a compile-time error occurs.