Typically, within ELF files, initialized data variables are maintained within the object file. If a data variable is very large and only contains a small number of initialized (nonzero) elements, the entire variable is still maintained in the object file.
Objects that contain large partially initialized data variables, such as FORTRAN
COMMON blocks, can result in a significant disk space
overhead. The SHT_SUNW_move section provides a mechanism of compressing these data variables. This compression reduces the disk size of the associated object.
The SHT_SUNW_move section contains multiple entries of the type ELF32_Move or Elf64_Move. These entries allow data variables to be defined as tentative items (.bss), thus occupying no space in the object file but contributing to the object's memory image at runtime. The move records establish how the memory image is initialized with data to construct the complete data variable.
ELF32_Move and Elf64_Move entries are defined as follows:
typedef struct { Elf32_Lword m_value; Elf32_Word m_info; Elf32_Word m_poffset; Elf32_Half m_repeat; Elf32_Half m_stride; } Elf32_Move; #define ELF32_M_SYM(info) ((info)>>8) #define ELF32_M_SIZE(info) ((unsigned char)(info)) #define ELF32_M_INFO(sym, size) (((sym)<<8)+(unsigned char)(size)) typedef struct { Elf64_Lword m_value; Elf64_Xword m_info; Elf64_Xword m_poffset; Elf64_Half m_repeat; Elf64_Half m_stride; } Elf64_Move; #define ELF64_M_SYM(info) ((info)>>8) #define ELF64_M_SIZE(info) ((unsigned char)(info)) #define ELF64_M_INFO(sym, size) (((sym)<<8)+(unsigned char)(size))
The elements of these structures are:
The initialization value, which is the value that will be moved into the memory image.
The symbol table index, with respect to which the initialization is applied, together with the size, in bytes, of the offset being initialized. The lower 8 bits of the member define the size, which can be 1, 2, 4 or 8. The upper bytes define the symbol index.
The offset relative to the associated symbol to which the initialization is applied.
A repetition count.
The stride count. This value indicates the number of units that should be skipped when performing a repetitive initialization. A unit is the size of an initialization object as defined by m_info. An m_stride value of 0 indicates that the initialization be performed contiguously for m_repeat units.
The following data definition would traditionally consume 0x8000 bytes within an object file:
typedef struct { int one; char two; } Data Data move[0x1000] = { {0, 0}, {1, '1'}, {0, 0}, {0xf, 'F'}, {0xf, 'F'}, {0, 0}, {0xe, 'E'}, {0, 0}, {0xe, 'E'} };
Using an SHT_SUNW_move section the data item can be moved to the .bss section and initialized with the associated move entries:
$ elfdump -s data | fgrep move [17] 0x00020868 0x00008000 OBJT GLOB 0 .bss move $ elfdump -m data Move Section: .SUNW_move offset ndx size repeat stride value with respect to 0x8 0x17 4 1 0 0x1 move 0xc 0x17 1 1 0 0x31 move 0x18 0x17 4 2 2 0xf move 0x1c 0x17 1 2 8 0x46 move 0x28 0x17 4 2 4 0xe move 0x2c 0x17 1 2 16 0x45 move |
Move sections supplied from relocatable objects are concatenated and output in the object being created by the link-editor. However, the following conditions cause the link-editor to process the move entries and expand their contents into a traditional data item: