There are two versions of POSIX bindings provided with FORTRAN 77:
libFposix, which is just the bindings (-lFposix)
libFposix_c, which does some runtime checking to make sure you are passing correct handles (-lFposix_c)
If you pass bad handles:
libFposix_c returns an error code (ENOHANDLE).
libFposix core dumps with a segmentation fault.
Of course, the checking is time-consuming, and libFposix_c is several times slower.
Both POSIX libraries come in static and dynamic forms.
The POSIX bindings provided are for IEEE Standard 1003.9-1992.
IEEE 1003.9 is a binding of 1003.1-1990 to FORTRAN (X3.8-1978).
For more information, see these POSIX.1 documents:
ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990
IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990
IEEE Order number SH13680
IEEE CS Catalog number 1019
To find out precisely what POSIX is, you need both the 1003.9 and the POSIX.1 documents.
The POSIX library for f90 is libposix9.