Using ZFS Alternate Root Pools

When a pool is created, it is intrinsically tied to the host system. The host system maintains information about the pool so that it can detect when the pool is unavailable. Although useful for normal operations, this information can prove a hindrance when you are booting from alternate media or creating a pool on removable media. To solve this problem, ZFS provides an alternate root pool feature. An alternate root pool does not persist across system reboots, and all mount points are modified to be relative to the root of the pool.

Creating ZFS Alternate Root Pools

The most common reason for creating an alternate root pool is for use with removable media. In these circumstances, users typically want a single file system, and they want it to be mounted wherever they choose on the target system. When an alternate root pool is created by using the zpool create -R option, the mount point of the root file system is automatically set to /, which is the equivalent of the alternate root value.

In the following example, a pool called morpheus is created with /mnt as the alternate root path:

# zpool create -R /mnt morpheus c0t0d0
# zfs list morpheus
NAME                   USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
morpheus              32.5K  33.5G     8K  /mnt

Note the single file system, morpheus, whose mount point is the alternate root of the pool, /mnt. The mount point that is stored on disk is / and the full path to /mnt is interpreted only in this initial context of the pool creation. This file system can then be exported and imported under an arbitrary alternate root pool on a different system by using -R alternate root value syntax.

# zpool export morpheus
# zpool import morpheus
cannot mount '/': directory is not empty
# zpool export morpheus
# zpool import -R /mnt morpheus
# zfs list morpheus
NAME                   USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
morpheus              32.5K  33.5G     8K  /mnt

Importing Alternate Root Pools

Pools can also be imported using an alternate root. This feature allows for recovery situations, where the mount points should not be interpreted in context of the current root, but under some temporary directory where repairs can be performed. This feature also can be used when you are mounting removable media as described in the preceding section.

In the following example, a pool called morpheus is imported with /mnt as the alternate root path. This example assumes that morpheus was previously exported.

# zpool import -R /a pool
# zpool list morpheus
NAME   SIZE   ALLOC  FREE    CAP  HEALTH  ALTROOT
pool  44.8G    78K  44.7G     0%  ONLINE  /a
# zfs list pool
NAME   USED  AVAIL  REFER  MOUNTPOINT
pool  73.5K  44.1G    21K  /a/pool