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System Administration Guide: IP Services     Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 Information Library
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Document Information

Preface

Part I Introducing System Administration: IP Services

1.  Oracle Solaris TCP/IP Protocol Suite (Overview)

Part II TCP/IP Administration

2.  Planning Your TCP/IP Network (Tasks)

Network Planning (Task Map)

Determining the Network Hardware

Deciding on an IP Addressing Format for Your Network

IPv4 Addresses

IPv4 Addresses in CIDR Format

DHCP Addresses

IPv6 Addresses

Private Addresses and Documentation Prefixes

Obtaining Your Network's IP Number

Designing an IPv4 Addressing Scheme

Designing Your IPv4 Addressing Scheme

IPv4 Subnet Number

Designing Your CIDR IPv4 Addressing Scheme

Using Private IPv4 Addresses

How IP Addresses Apply to Network Interfaces

Naming Entities on Your Network

Administering Host Names

Selecting a Name Service and Directory Service

Network Databases

Using NIS or DNS as the Name Service

Using Local Files as the Name Service

Domain Names

Administrative Subdivisions

Planning for Routers on Your Network

Network Topology Overview

How Routers Transfer Packets

3.  Introducing IPv6 (Overview)

4.  Planning an IPv6 Network (Tasks)

5.  Configuring TCP/IP Network Services and IPv4 Addressing (Tasks)

6.  Administering Network Interfaces (Tasks)

7.  Configuring an IPv6 Network (Tasks)

8.  Administering a TCP/IP Network (Tasks)

9.  Troubleshooting Network Problems (Tasks)

10.  TCP/IP and IPv4 in Depth (Reference)

11.  IPv6 in Depth (Reference)

Part III DHCP

12.  About DHCP (Overview)

13.  Planning for DHCP Service (Tasks)

14.  Configuring the DHCP Service (Tasks)

15.  Administering DHCP (Tasks)

16.  Configuring and Administering the DHCP Client

17.  Troubleshooting DHCP (Reference)

18.  DHCP Commands and Files (Reference)

Part IV IP Security

19.  IP Security Architecture (Overview)

20.  Configuring IPsec (Tasks)

21.  IP Security Architecture (Reference)

22.  Internet Key Exchange (Overview)

23.  Configuring IKE (Tasks)

24.  Internet Key Exchange (Reference)

25.  IP Filter in Oracle Solaris (Overview)

26.  IP Filter (Tasks)

Part V Mobile IP

27.  Mobile IP (Overview)

28.  Administering Mobile IP (Tasks)

29.  Mobile IP Files and Commands (Reference)

Part VI IPMP

30.  Introducing IPMP (Overview)

31.  Administering IPMP (Tasks)

Part VII IP Quality of Service (IPQoS)

32.  Introducing IPQoS (Overview)

33.  Planning for an IPQoS-Enabled Network (Tasks)

34.  Creating the IPQoS Configuration File (Tasks)

35.  Starting and Maintaining IPQoS (Tasks)

36.  Using Flow Accounting and Statistics Gathering (Tasks)

37.  IPQoS in Detail (Reference)

Glossary

Index

Planning for Routers on Your Network

Recall that in TCP/IP, two types of entities exist on a network: hosts and routers. All networks must have hosts, while not all networks require routers. The physical topology of the network determines if you need routers. This section introduces the concepts of network topology and routing. These concepts are important when you decide to add another network to your existing network environment.


Note - For complete details and tasks for router configuration on IPv4 networks, refer to Packet Forwarding and Routing on IPv4 Networks. For complete details and tasks for router configuration on IPv6 networks, refer to Configuring an IPv6 Router.


Network Topology Overview

Network topology describes how networks fit together. Routers are the entities that connect networks to each other. A router is any machine that has two or more network interfaces and implements IP forwarding. However, the system cannot function as a router until properly configured, as described in Configuring an IPv4 Router.

Routers connect two or more networks to form larger internetworks. The routers must be configured to pass packets between two adjacent networks. The routers also should be able to pass packets to networks that lie beyond the adjacent networks.

The following figure shows the basic parts of a network topology. The first illustration shows a simple configuration of two networks that are connected by a single router. The second illustration shows a configuration of three networks, interconnected by two routers. In the first example, Router R joins Network 1 and Network 2 into a larger internetwork. In the second example, Router R1 connects Networks 1 and 2. Router R2 connects Networks 2 and 3. The connections form a network that includes Networks 1, 2, and 3.

Figure 2-3 Basic Network Topology

image:Diagram shows the topology of two networks that are connected by a single router.

In addition to joining networks into internetworks, routers route packets between networks that are based on the addresses of the destination network. As internetworks grow more complex, each router must make more and more decisions about the packet destinations.

The following figure shows a more complex case. Router R3 directly connects networks 1 and 3. The redundancy improves reliability. If network 2 goes down, router R3 still provides a route between networks 1 and 3. You can interconnect many networks. However, the networks must use the same network protocols.

Figure 2-4 A Network Topology That Provides an Additional Path Between Networks

image:Diagram shows the topology of three networks that are connected by two routers.

How Routers Transfer Packets

The IP address of the recipient, which is a part of the packet header, determines how the packet is routed. If this address includes the network number of the local network, the packet goes directly to the host with that IP address. If the network number is not the local network, the packet goes to the router on the local network.

Routers maintain routing information in routing tables. These tables contain the IP address of the hosts and routers on the networks to which the router is connected. The tables also contain pointers to these networks. When a router receives a packet, the router checks its routing table to determine if the table lists the destination address in the header. If the table does not contain the destination address, the router forwards the packet to another router that is listed in its routing table. Refer to Configuring an IPv4 Router for detailed information on routers.

The following figure shows a network topology with three networks that are connected by two routers.

Figure 2-5 A Network Topology With Three Interconnected Networks

image:Diagram shows a sample of three networks that are connected by two routers.

Router R1 connects networks 192.9.200 and 192.9.201. Router R2 connects networks 192.9.201 and 192.9.202. If Host A on network 192.9.200 sends a message to Host B on network 192.9.202, the following events occur:

  1. Host A sends a packet out over network 192.9.200. The packet header contains the IPv4 address of the recipient Host B, 192.9.202.10.

  2. None of the machines on network 192.9.200 has the IPv4 address 192.9.202.10. Therefore, Router R1 accepts the packet.

  3. Router R1 examines its routing tables. No machine on network 192.9.201 has the address 192.9.202.10. However, the routing tables do list Router R2.

  4. R1 then selects R2 as the “next hop” Router. R1 sends the packet to R2.

  5. Because R2 connects network 192.9.201 to 192.9.202, R2 has routing information for Host B. Router R2 then forwards the packet to network 192.9.202, where Host B accepts the packet.