4 Identity Management Enterprise Management

This chapter describes the licensed features and links of the following management pack offered by Enterprise Manager in support of Identify Management:

4.1 Management Pack Plus for Identity Management

The Management Pack Plus for Identity Management enables enterprises to proactively monitor the availability, performance, load, and security metrics of various Identity Management components. The Management Pack Plus for Identity Management helps improve performance and availability, and reduce the cost and complexity of managing Identity Management deployments, including the following environments:

  • Oracle Internet Directory
  • Directory Integration Platform

  • Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition (formerly Sun Java Directory Server Enterprise Edition)

  • Oracle Virtual Directory

  • Oracle Identity Federation
  • Oracle Access Manager

  • Oracle Identity Manager

  • Oracle Adaptive Access Manager

  • Oracle Mobile & Social

  • Oracle Unified Directory


Note:

License to provision Oracle Identity Management products through user-defined procedures is included as part of Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.

The following sections describe the licensed features and links of this management pack offered by Enterprise Manager:

4.1.1 Management Pack Plus for Identity Management Features

The Management Pack Plus for Identity Management includes the following features:

Note:

A management pack license is required to use the features described below in the Enterprise Manager graphical user interface, command-line interface, and published repository views.
Feature Definition
Beacons Measure availability and performance from representative key user locations.
Blackouts Suspend monitoring on targets to support scheduled maintenance periods.
Complete service monitoring Monitor service availability, performance, usage, and service level compliance.
Configuration Track configuration metrics, take configuration snapshots, and compare configurations for Oracle Access Manager 10g components, Oracle Internet Directory 11g, Oracle Directory Integration Platform 11g, Oracle Virtual Directory 11g, Oracle Identity Federation 11g, and Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition 6.x, 7.x, and 11gR1.
Management Connectors Helpdesk (ticketing) connectors open helpdesk tickets for incidents raised in Enterprise Manager. Event connectors share event information with other management systems.
Metric and Alert/Event History View metric and alert/event history and its associated details.
Metric Extensions Create new metrics to monitor conditions specific to customer environments.
Monitoring and diagnostics Receive real-time metrics, historical data, and alert notifications. Proactively monitor the Oracle Identity Management environment. Out-of-box collection of key performance metrics for monitored components facilitates rapid time to value.
Monitoring Templates and Template Collections Monitoring Templates encapsulate target monitoring settings and can later be applied against many targets. Template Collections (with administration groups) automate the deployment of management settings on targets as they join the group.
Notifications Define and use different notification methods including e-mail, running custom OS scripts, PL/SQL procedures and SNMP traps; repeat notifications, use of notification-related actions in incident rule sets, administrator notification schedules.
Service modeling Model critical business functions based on a wide range of supported protocols.
Single-step discovery Perform single-step discovery of Identity Management 10g and Identity Management 11g components.

The supported Identity Management 10g components include Oracle Access Manager (OAM) 10g, Oracle Identity Manager (OIM) 9.x, Oracle Identity Federation (OIF) 10g, and Oracle Identity Management Suite 10g (including Oracle Internet Directory, Directory Integration Platform, Delegated Administration Services, and Single Sign-On).

The supported Identity Management 11g components include Oracle Internet Directory, Oracle Directory Integration Platform, Oracle Virtual Directory, Oracle Identity Federation, Oracle Access Manager, Oracle Identity Manager, and Oracle Adaptive Access Manager. Single-step discovery enables you to quickly set up your monitoring environment.

A simple target discovery is also provided for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition (formerly Sun Java Directory Server Enterprise Edition) 6.x, 7.x, and 11g

Business Application Management Create and monitor business application targets to provide an intuitive representation of the relationship between your applications and business transactions and the underlying IT infrastructure.

The following features are licensed for Oracle Unified Directory and WebLogic-based containers included in the Identity Management product restricted-use licensing that are licensed and managed by the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management:

Features Description
Interactive JVM transaction trace Provide JVM thread tracing View the response time breakdowns in each layer (servlet, JSP, EJB, JDBC, and SQL) of a JVM container.
JVM Diagnostics Agent hot deployment Deploy JVM Diagnostics Agent without WebLogic Server restarts or configuration changes.
JVM pool monitoring Monitor all JVMs of an application together with uniform monitoring settings.

JVM pool monitoring Monitor all JVMs of an application together with uniform monitoring settings.

The following features are licensed for WebLogic-based containers included in the Identity Management product restricted-use licensing that are licensed and managed by the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management:

Features Description
"Always on" low overhead monitoring, notifications, and dashboards Diagnose past problems, receive early warnings of outages, see a single view of the status of all applications.
Blackouts Suspend monitoring on targets to support scheduled maintenance periods.
Business Application Management Create and monitor business application targets to provide an intuitive representation of the relationship between your applications and business transactions and the underlying IT infrastructure.
Composite Application Management Provide full visibility across all members and tiers of a composite application.
Contextual visibility into Java EE and web service metrics

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Provide drill-down contextual visibility into Java EE and web service metrics.
Cross-tier trace with Oracle Database

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

View the impact of database problems on all associated applications and JVMs, and isolate problems between Java and the database.
Diagnostic Snapshot

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Preserves snapshots of both JVM monitoring and diagnostics data in correlation with the WebLogic Server log files.
Differential heap analysis

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Use memory leak analysis in production, and simplify memory growth and leak analysis.
Historical performance monitoring Track availability and performance data over time.
Interactive JVM transaction trace

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Provide JVM thread tracing. View the response time breakdowns in each layer (servlet, JSP, EJB, JDBC, and SQL) of a JVM container.
JVM Diagnostics Agent hot deployment

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Deploy JVM Diagnostics Agent without WebLogic Server restarts or configuration changes.
Log Viewer

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Access Oracle Fusion Middleware log files quickly and easily - no matter where they are stored on the file system. Search and correlate log messages across all Oracle Fusion Middleware components' logs based on properties such as time, severity or Execution Context ID (ECID).
Management Connectors Helpdesk (ticketing) connectors open helpdesk tickets for incidents raised in Enterprise Manager. Event connectors share event information with other management systems.
Metric and Alert/Event History View metric and alert/event history and its associated details.
Metric Extensions Create new metrics to monitor conditions specific to customer environments.
Metrics visibility for any layer

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Generate customized dashboards and views automatically.
Middleware Diagnostics Advisor

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Provide detailed advice and recommendations based on performance and configuration data for the entire middleware and database stack.
Monitoring Templates and Template Collections Monitoring Templates encapsulate target monitoring settings and can later be applied against many targets. Template Collections (with administration groups) automate the deployment of management settings on targets as they join the group.
Notifications Define and use different notification methods including e-mail, running custom OS scripts, PL/SQL procedures and SNMP traps; repeat notifications, use of notification-related actions in incident rule sets, administrator notification schedules.
Routing Topology Understand relationships and health of a Fusion Middleware Farm/WebLogic Domain and their related targets.
Real-time visibility into a JVM and application state without instrumentation overhead

(Applies to applications deployed to both Oracle Application Server and WebLogic Server)

Eliminate need to reproduce problems in a test environment.
Request performance Provide historical views that show the response times for end-user requests from the context of WebLogic Server and the underlying JVM. Response time breakdowns are available in each layer (servlet, JSP, EJB, JDBC, and SQL) of an WebLogic container.
Service-level objectives

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Provide service-level objectives (SLOs) at any point within the architecture for indicators and alerts.
Trace in-flight transactions

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

View request performance problems in real time. Analyze time spent in each resource bottleneck and Java method.
WebLogic Domain/JVM pool monitoring

(Does not apply for GlassFish)

Monitor all JVMs of an application with uniform monitoring settings.

The following features are licensed for Oracle Access Manager Coherence-based containers included in the Identity Management product restricted-use licensing that are licensed and managed by the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management:

Feature Description
Automate deployment Automate the deployment and setup of the Coherence cluster with multiple nodes.
Blackouts Suspend monitoring on targets to support scheduled maintenance periods.
Cache data management Perform operations such as view, export, purge, and so on, on cache data.
Complete cluster visibility Provide detailed metrics for all Coherence components.
Configuration management Change run-time configuration parameters of multiple nodes, caches, and services from the central user interface console. Keep track of node configuration over period of time, change run-time configuration parameters of caches, nodes and services.
Customizable performance views Create custom performance views by selecting metrics from the metrics pallet, overlay multiple metrics on the chart, save different views.
Log file monitoring Monitor the node log files by setting patterns.
Management Connectors Helpdesk (ticketing) connectors open helpdesk tickets for incidents raised in Enterprise Manager. Event connectors share event information with other management systems.
Metric and Alert/Event History View metric and alert/event history and its associated details.
Metric Extensions Create new metrics to monitor conditions specific to customer environments.
Monitor multiple clusters Monitor multiple clusters from a single console.
Monitoring Templates and Template Collections Monitoring Templates encapsulate target monitoring settings and can later be applied against many targets. Template Collections (with administration groups) automate the deployment of management settings on targets as they join the group.
Notifications Define and use different notification methods including e-mail, running custom OS scripts, PL/SQL procedures and SNMP traps; repeat notifications, use of notification-related actions in incident rule sets, administrator notification schedules.
Start and stop nodes Stop existing nodes and start new ones in a Coherence cluster.
Start and stop the cluster Start and stop the entire Coherence cluster.
Topology view Graphical representation of the Coherence caches, nodes and hosts with related in context performance alerts.

The following features are licensed for Oracle Identity Manager SOA-based containers included in the Identity Management product restricted-use licensing that are licensed and managed by the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management:

Feature Description
Adapter metrics Provide throughput and error metrics for different adapters in graphical format.
Blackouts Suspend monitoring on targets to support scheduled maintenance periods.
Business-IT alignment Provide integration for business KPIs and system metrics in one system for correlation and trending.
Centralized management console Monitor and manage all enterprise components from a central location.
Change Activity Plans Provide the ability to plan, track in real time, and execute data-centerwide change activities. Activities include: PSU patch rollouts, database consolidation to Exadata, and so on.
Configuration management Collect configuration information for the BPEL Process Manager server/domains/processes and Oracle Service Bus.
Deployment automation Automate deployment of BPEL suitcases, OSB resources, SOA artifacts, and SOA composites.
Discovery and service modeling Provide discovery of Oracle BPEL processes, Oracle Service Bus-based business and proxy services. Provide automated system modeling capabilities for the SOA infrastructure.
Historical analysis and reporting Store collected metric and configuration data in a central repository.
Infrastructure management Monitor availability and performance of SOA infrastructure components.
Management Connectors Helpdesk (ticketing) connectors open helpdesk tickets for incidents raised in Enterprise Manager. Event connectors share event information with other management systems.
Metric and Alert/Event History View metric and alert/event history and its associated details.
Metric Extensions Create new metrics to monitor conditions specific to customer environments.
Monitoring Templates and Template Collections Monitoring Templates encapsulate target monitoring settings and can later be applied against many targets. Template Collections (with administration groups) automate the deployment of management settings on targets as they join the group.
Notifications Define and use different notification methods including e-mail, running custom OS scripts, PL/SQL procedures and SNMP traps; repeat notifications, use of notification-related actions in incident rule sets, administrator notification schedules.
Routing Topology Understand relationships and health of a Fusion Middleware Farm/WebLogic Domain and their related targets.
Run-time governance Define SOAP tests to measure and record availability and performance of partner links (or any Web service) and business/proxy services for historical trending, troubleshooting, and root cause analysis purposes
Service level management Monitor services from the end-user's perspective using service tests or synthetic transactions, model relationships between services and underlying IT components, and report on achieved service levels

4.1.2 Management Pack Plus for Identity Management Targets

The following section summarizes the target items for the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management:

4.1.2.1 Identity Management 10g Targets

  • Access Manager — Access Server
  • Access Manager — Identity Server

  • Access Manager — Access System

  • Access Manager — Identity System

  • Identity Federation Server

  • Identity Federation System

  • Identity Manager Repository

  • Identity Manager Server

  • Identity Manager System

  • Delegated Administration Server

  • Directory Integration Platform Server
  • Oracle Internet Directory

  • Single Sign-On Server

  • Hosts running Identity Management components

  • Generic Service or Web Application targets associated with Access Manager - Access System, Access Manager - Identity System, Identity Federation System, and Identity Manager System Hosts running Identity Management components


4.1.2.2 Identity Management 11g Targets

  • Oracle Internet Directory
  • Oracle Unified Directory

  • Identity Federation Server

  • Directory Integration Platform Server

  • Oracle Virtual Directory

  • Oracle Access Manager

  • Oracle Access Manager Cluster

  • Oracle Adaptive Access Manager

  • Oracle Adaptive Access Manager Cluster
  • Oracle Identity Manager

  • Oracle Identity Manager Cluster

  • Hosts running Identity Management components

  • Generic Service & Identity and Access System targets associated with Identity Management 11g components


4.1.2.3 Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition Targets

With the Oracle System Monitoring Plug-in for Oracle Directory Server, a simple target discovery is also provided for Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition (formerly Sun Java Directory Server Enterprise Edition) 6.x and 7.x, and ODSEE 11gR1. The following Oracle DSEE target types are supported:

  • Directory Server Enterprise
  • Directory Server Enterprise Edition Server

  • Directory Server Group
  • Hosts running Oracle DSEE components


4.1.3 Accessing Management Pack Plus for Identity Management Licensed Links

The following licensed pages and links of this pack apply to the following Identity Management-specific targets within Enterprise Manager:

Licensed Page/Link How to Access
Identity and Access page From the Enterprise Summary page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. On the Middleware page, click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access. All links and drop-down menu items on this page are licensed.
Identity Management 11g Targets From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select any of the target types referenced from Identity Management 11g Targets. All links and drop-down menu items are licensed.
Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition Targets From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select any of the target types referenced from Oracle Directory Server Enterprise Edition Targets. All links and drop-down menu items are licensed.
Access Manager - Access Server page:
  • Black Out button

  • Availability link

  • Associated Directory Server Information section

  • Alerts section

  • Host Alerts section

  • Configuration section

  • Related Links section

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Access Manager – Access Server.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Access Manager – Access Server Home page, these items and all links in these sections are licensed.

Access Manager - Identity Server page:
  • Black Out button

  • Availability link

  • Associated Directory Server Information section

  • Alerts section

  • Host Alerts section

  • Configuration section

  • Related Links section

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Access Manager – Identity Server. The Access Manager – Identity Server Home page appears.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Access Manager - Identity Server Home page, these items and all links in these sections are licensed.

Access Manager – Identity Server Performance page From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Access Manager – Identity Server. On the Access Manager - Identity Server Home page, select the Performance sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed
Access Manager - Access System page
  • System Charts page

  • System Administration page

  • System Components page

  • System Topology page

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Access Manager – Access System.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Access Manager - Access System home page, all features on the page are licensed. From the Access Manager - Access System home page:

  • Select the Charts sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Administration sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Components sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Topology sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

Access Manager - Identity System
  • System Charts page

  • System Administration page

  • System Components page

  • System Topology page

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Access Manager – Identity System.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Access Manager - Identity System home page, all features on the page are licensed. From the Access Manager - Access Identity home page:

  • Select the Charts sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Administration sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Components sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Topology sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

Identity Federation Server
  • Black Out button

  • Availability link

  • User Data Store section

  • Federation Data Store section

  • Alerts section

  • Host Alerts section

  • Related Links section

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Federation Server.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Identity Federation Server Home page, these items and all links in these sections are licensed.

Identity Federation System
  • System Charts page

  • System Administration page

  • System Components page

  • System Topology page

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Federation System.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Identity Federation System home page, all features on the page are licensed. From the Identity Federation System home page:

  • Select the Charts sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Administration sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Components sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Topology sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

Identity Manager Repository
  • Black Out button

  • Availability link

  • Provisioning section

  • Associated Remote Managers section

  • Alerts section

  • Host Alerts section

  • Related Links section

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Manager Repository.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Identity Manager Repository home page, these items and all links in these sections are licensed.

Identity Manager Server
  • Black Out button

  • Availability link

  • Alerts section

  • Host Alerts section

  • Related Links section

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Manager Server.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Identity Manager Server home page, these items and all links in these sections are licensed.

Identity Manager Server Performance page From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Manager Server. From the Identity Manager Server home page, select the Performance sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.
Identity Manager System
  • System Charts page

  • System Administration page

  • System Components page

  • System Topology page

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then All Targets. On the All Targets page, select a target of type Identity Manager System.

Alternatively, from the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. Click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access.

On the Identity Manager System home page, all features on the page are licensed. From the Identity Manager System home page:

  • Select the Charts sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Administration sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Components sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Topology sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

Hosts page with Identity Management Components
  • Home

  • Monitoring

  • Control

  • Job Activity

  • Information Publisher Reports

  • Administration

  • Net Services Administration

  • Log File Alerts

  • Storage Details

  • Remote File Editor

  • Execute Host Command

  • Privilege Delegation Setting

  • Related Targets

  • Configuration

  • Compliance

  • Target Setup

  • Target Information

From the Enterprise Summary page, click the Targets menu, then Middleware. On the Middleware page, click the Middleware Features menu, then Identity and Access. All links on this page are licensed.
Hosts
  • Host Performance page

  • Host Administration page

  • Host Targets page

From the Enterprise Summary home page, click the Targets menu, then Hosts. On the Hosts page:
  • Select the Performance sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.

  • Select the Administration sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed. (Note: The Administration page is only available for Linux operating systems.)

  • Select the Targets sub-tab. All features on this page are licensed.


4.1.4 Licensed Links Outside of Target-Specific Pages

Licensed Page/Link How to Access
Application Performance Management From the Setup menu, select Middleware Management, and then select Application Performance Management. On the Application Performance Management Page, the ability to register and manage Application Performance Management Engines and other items are licensable as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Client System Analyzer From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration. The Client System Analyzer and Client Configurations items are licensable as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Compliance From the Enterprise menu, select Compliance. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs associated with the Library, Real-time Observations, and Results pages are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Collection Extensibility From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Custom. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this page are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Compare From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Compare. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this page are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration History From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and History. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this page are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Instance Browser From the Targets menu, select Middleware. Select a Fusion Middleware related target identified above. From the target's menu, click the Configuration submenu. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs from this submenu, excluding Topology, are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Save From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Save. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this page are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Search From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Search. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this page are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Configuration Topology From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Topology. In the View drop-down menu, Used By is licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.

From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration and Topology, Customization. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs on this menu are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.

Change Activity Plans From the Enterprise menu, select Configuration. The Change Activity Plans and My Tasks items are licensable as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
User Defined Deployment Procedures (UDDP) From the Enterprise menu, select Provisioning and Patching, and then select Procedure Library. On the Provisioning Library page, from the list of actions, the Create New option is licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.
Real-time Configuration Change Detection From the Enterprise menu, select Compliance. All features, functions, links, buttons, and drill-downs associated Library, Results and Real-Time Observations pages are licensed as part of the Management Pack Plus for Identity Management.

4.1.5 Restricted-Use Licensing

The following sections outline Real Use Experience Insight (REUI) Restricted-Use License and the Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Service Level Management Restricted-Use License:

4.1.5.1 Real Experience Insight Restricted-Use License

Oracle includes a restricted-use license of Real Use Experience Insight (and its subcomponents) for the express purpose of monitoring Oracle Access Manager SSO URLs and Oracle Identity Manager web-pages served from licensed Oracle Identity Manager containers.

See Oracle Real User Experience Insight in Chapter 7 for more information about REUI functionality.

4.1.5.2 Service Level Management Restricted-Use License

Management Pack Plus for Identity Management includes the full capabilities of Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Service Level Management.

See Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Service Level Management in Chapter 7 for more information.