Oracle® Real Application Clusters Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and UNIX Part Number E24660-02 |
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This chapter describes phase two of the installation procedures for installing Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) with Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). Phase one is the completion of installing Oracle Clusterware, as described in The Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your platform.
See Also:
Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform for additional information, such as how to open compressed files, and other information about setting up files for installationAlso, during installation, click Help to find explanations of options and prompts for each installation screen, and click Details to see the log file
This chapter contains the following topics:
With Oracle Database 11g release, Oracle Application Express is provided as an Oracle Database option, rather than as an Oracle Application option. If you intend to install Oracle Database after installing Oracle Clusterware, and you have an existing Oracle Database installation that you are upgrading, then review the following Oracle Application Express requirements:
To view or develop Oracle Application Express applications, Web browsers must support Java Script, and the HTML 4.0 and CSS 1.0 standards. The following browsers meet this requirement:
Mozilla 1.7 or a later version
Firefox 1.0.4 or a later version
Oracle Application Express must have access to Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql
to run. The following products include the versions of HTTP Server and mod_plsql
that meet this requirement:
Oracle 9i Database release 2 (9.2) or a later version
Oracle 9i Application Server release 1 (1.0.2.2) or a later version
Oracle Text must be installed so that you can use the searchable online Help in Oracle Application Express. By default, Oracle Text is installed as part of Oracle Database.
See Also:
Oracle Text Application Developer's Guide for more information about Oracle TextTo upgrade to Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2), Oracle XML DB must be installed in the Oracle database that you want to upgrade. If you are using a preconfigured database created either during an installation or by Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA), then Oracle XML DB is already installed and configured.
See Also:
Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide for more information about manually adding Oracle XML DB to an existing databaseThis section describes OUI features that you should understand before beginning the Oracle RAC installation process.
See Also:
Appendix C, " Converting to Oracle RAC and Oracle RAC One Node from Single-Instance Oracle Databases" for information about how to convert single-instance databases to Oracle RACOn the Select Installation Option page, you are given the following options:
Create and Configure a Database: Provides you with the option to create a database using a preconfigured database template designed for particular system load demands, such as an online transaction processing (OLTP) database, or a decision support or data warehouse database.
Install database software only: Installs Oracle Database software; you must complete the database configuration later.
Upgrade an existing database: Upgrades an existing database.
If you are installing Oracle Database software, then Oracle recommends that you use one of the preconfigured database options, or select the Advanced option on the Select Configuration page, and configure a custom starter database.
See Also:
If you have an existing Oracle installation, then record your environment's version numbers, patches, and other configuration information, and review upgrade procedures for your existing installation. Review the Oracle upgrade documentation before proceeding with your installation to decide how to proceed.For late-breaking updates and best practices about preupgrade, post-upgrade, compatibility, and interoperability discussions, refer to "Oracle Upgrade Companion." "Oracle Upgrade Companion" is available through Note 785351.1 on My Oracle Support:
Review the following information if you want to install Oracle Database Vault:
Oracle Database Vault requires the following:
An Oracle Database Enterprise Edition installation (single-instance or Oracle RAC)
Setting the initialization parameter db_block_size
to 4096 or higher
Oracle Enterprise Manager Console
Oracle Clusterware running (for installation in an Oracle RAC environment)
A listener configured for the database into which you are installing Oracle Database Vault. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation, you must shut down existing listeners before starting Oracle Universal Installer.
Oracle Database Vault installation owner write access to the Oratab file (AIX: /etc/oratab
; Solaris, HP-UX: /var/opt/oracle/oratab
) and to the oraInst.loc
file (AIX: /etc/oraInst.loc
; Solaris, HP-UX: /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
). This access is provided either by using the same installation owner as you use with the Oracle Database installation, or another user with oinstall
group membership.
An existing password file for Oracle Database. In addition, the password file authentication parameter, REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE
, must have been set to EXCLUSIVE
or SHARED
.
You can set the REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE
parameter in the Oracle Database initialization file. Use the orapwd
utility to create and manage password files.
See Also:
Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information on creating and maintaining a password fileOracle Database Vault prompts for two accounts that you can create during installation. These are the Oracle Database Vault Owner and the Oracle Database Vault Account Manager accounts. You must supply an account name and password for the Database Vault Owner during installation. Creating an Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is optional.
The Oracle Database Vault Owner account is granted the DV_OWNER
role. This account can manage Oracle Database Vault roles and configuration.
The Oracle Database Vault Owner user name can be a minimum of 2, and a maximum of 30 characters long. The account password can be a minimum of 8, and a maximum of 30 characters.
The password that you choose for the Oracle Database Vault Owner account must be secure. The following password restrictions are enforced:
The password must include at least one alphabet, one digit, and one nonalphanumeric character (symbol).
The password cannot be the same as the account name.
The password cannot contain any consecutive repeating characters.
The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is granted the DV_ACCTMGR
role. This account is used to manage database user accounts. The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager is created to facilitate separation of duties. If you do not choose to create the Oracle Database Vault Account Manager account, then the DV_ACCTMGR
role is granted to the Oracle Database Vault Owner account by default.
The Oracle Database Vault Account Manager user name can be a minimum of 2, and a maximum of 30 characters long. The account password can be a minimum of 8, and a maximum of 30 characters.
The same password restrictions that apply to Oracle Database Vault Owner are applicable to Oracle Database Vault Account Manager as well.
You can install Oracle Database Vault more than once on the same system, in different Oracle homes.
You need to start the listener and database on all Oracle RAC nodes other than the one on which the installation is performed. You must use the Server Control (srvctl
) utility to start and stop Oracle Database Vault Oracle RAC instances. Do not use SQL*Plus to start and stop Oracle RAC instances.
For example:
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start listener_name $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start instance -d database_name -i instance_name
Oracle Database Vault is installed with the Advanced Install option. You can configure Oracle Database Vault after installation using DBCA, or choose not to configure Oracle Database Vault.
To install Oracle Database Vault while installing Oracle RAC:
Start Oracle Universal Installer, and select Advanced installation.
Select Enterprise Edition, and then Select Options.
In addition to the default installation components, select Oracle Label Security (OLS) and Oracle Database Vault.
After installation, proceed with creating the database.
After you create the database, start DBCA.
Select the option to configure the database.
Select the OLS and Oracle Database Vault to configure to the database.
Provide the required Oracle Database Vault user IDs and passwords to proceed with configuration. If you want to enable a separate Oracle Database Vault administrator, then you can choose to configure the DV_ACCTMGR user.
To configure Oracle Database Vault after installing Oracle RAC:
Install the Oracle RAC Enterprise Edition database.
Stop all database processes.
Enter the following commands:
$ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk dv_on $ make -f $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk ioracle
Start up all Oracle RAC processes.
Start DBCA, and select the option Configure Database.
In the component list, select Oracle Label Security and Oracle Database Vault.
Provide the required administrative user accounts and passwords, and proceed with configuration.
When you run OUI, you can select the Typical or the Advanced Install type.
The Typical install type installs a default configuration of Oracle Database, with basic configuration choices. Oracle recommends that most users select Typical as their installation type.
The Advanced installation type is for customized installations, and should be used only when you have a specific requirement for it, such as requiring different passwords for the SYS, SYSMAN, SYSTEM and DBSNMP accounts, or using a different database character set than is in use on your servers, changing product languages, or other nonstandard configurations.
You can install Oracle RAC One Node on two or more nodes in the cluster. An Oracle RAC One Node installation starts up an instance on one of the nodes you select as an Oracle RAC One Node pool member. If that instance goes down, then the Oracle RAC One Node instance is started up on another pool member using Online Database Relocation. This feature migrates database instances and connections to other cluster nodes for high availability.
See Also:
Oracle Database High Availability Overview for information about Oracle RAC One NodeThe General Purpose and Transaction Processing type and the Data Warehouse configuration type use preconfigured database templates optimized for each type of database.
During installation, OUI starts Oracle Network Configuration Assistant (NETCA) and DBCA, and installs the preconfigured database without further input. During database installation, OUI displays a progress indicator.
DBCA processing for these two configuration types creates a starter database, and configures the Oracle network services.
If you select Advanced configuration, then you must enter specific information as described in the next section.
Use the Advanced Install type to address specific requirements, such as selecting specific components to add or remove from the installation, creating a database in a nondefault character set, or adding translation of product user interface into languages other than English. By default, the installation configures the character set of a new database based on the language of the operating system.
See Also:
Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for detailed information on character sets and language configurationThe following section provides more detail about OUI and DBCA processing when creating an Oracle RAC database.
See Also:
Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform for information about configuring globalizationDuring installation, you are prompted to provide information needed to enable Oracle Configuration Manager. This option enables you to associate information about your Oracle RAC configuration with your My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetalink) account. In the event that you need to place a service request with Oracle Support, that configuration information can help to provide a more rapid resolution to the service issue.
Configuring the OCM tool requires that you have the following information from your service agreement:
My Oracle Support e-mail address/username
Password
In addition, you are prompted for server proxy information, if the host system does not have a direct connection to the Internet.
Refer to My Oracle Support (https://support.oracle.com
) if you encounter registration failures and are uncertain that the correct country code has been specified. You can find the country associated with your My Oracle Support account by selecting the menu option More, then selecting Settings. In the Settings menu, select Accounts & Privileges.
See Also:
Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for further informationDuring installation, you are prompted to select database security configuration.The Secure Configuration option configures the database with database auditing options, and password policy and expiration settings.
For new database installations, the default configuration for Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) includes the Secure Configuration option. If you want to disable these enhanced security controls, then you can check the Disable security settings box. Oracle Database is then installed with default options for Oracle Database 10g release 2. After installation, you can change security settings by starting DBCA and modifying security settings. You can enable or disable auditing or password security settings, or revert to a previous security setting.
For database upgrades, the upgraded database retains your existing database security configuration, to ensure compatibility with existing applications. After installation, you can use DBCA to enable or disable the Secure Configuration auditing or password security settings for testing.
To enable or disable secure configuration after installation, you must use command line DBCA options. By design, The DBCA 11g release 2 and later graphic user interface does not have the option to enable or disable secure configuration.
Note:
Oracle strongly recommends configuring your database with the Secure Configuration option either during installation, or after installation using command line DBCA.Apply the following guidelines when specifying passwords:
Passwords must be between 8 and 30 characters long.
Passwords must not start with a numeral.
Passwords must not be the same as the user name.
Passwords must not be Oracle reserved words.
The SYS
account password must not be change_on_install
.
The SYSTEM
account password must not be manager
.
The SYSMAN
account password must not be sysman
.
The DBSNMP
account password must not be dbsnmp
.
To use the same password for all the accounts, that password must not be change_on_install
, manager
, sysman
, or dbsnmp
.
Passwords should have at least 1 alphabetic, 1 numeric, and 1 punctuation character
Passwords should not be simple or obvious words, such as welcome, account, database, and user.
After installing Oracle Database, OUI runs DBCA to create your database, in accordance with Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. An installation created following OFA guidelines means that DBCA creates your database files, including the default server parameter file (SPFILE), using standard file naming and file placement practices.
The primary phases of DBCA processing are the following:
Create the database.
Configure the Oracle network services, if necessary.
Start the listeners and database instances.
You can also use DBCA in standalone mode to create or delete a database, or to switch database management from Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control.
Note that with Oracle Database release 11.1 and later releases, service management is no longer performed for Oracle RAC databases using DBCA. Use srvctl
, Oracle Enterprise Manager DB Control or Grid Control for all administration and monitoring of services. Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (NetCA) is run as part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation".
See Also:
The following documents for further information:Oracle Database Net Services Administrator's Guide if you experience problems (for example, with the listener configuration), and for further information about Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) support
Oracle Enterprise Manager Real Application Clusters Guide Online Help for service management using Oracle Enterprise Manager
In Oracle Database 10g and later releases, some database language and territory definition files have been updated to better reflect locale conventions used in associated locales.
If the resulting changes in default NLS parameter values adversely affect your existing applications, then you can revert the changes by installing Oracle9i compatibility definition files. To install Oracle9i files in place of Oracle11g files, you must run OUI from a command line, as described in "Using Oracle Universal Installer to Install Oracle RAC", and use the following statement to set the b_cr9idata
variable to true
:
./runInstaller oracle.rsf.nlsrtl_rsf:b_cr9idata=true
See Also:
Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for additional information about updates to the Oracle Database language and territory definition filesTo use languages other than the default (English), either for the database or for applications running on the database, you must use the Advanced Installation type.
The database name input field is used to set the following Oracle initialization parameter values:
DB_NAME
DB_UNIQUE_NAME
DB_DOMAIN
In Oracle RAC environments, the database name (DB_UNIQUE_NAME) portion is a string of no more than 30 characters that can contain alphanumeric, underscore (_), dollar ($), and pound (#) characters, but must begin with an alphabetic character. No other special characters are permitted in a database name. The DB_NAME parameter for a database is set to the first 8 characters of the database name.
The domain portion of the global database name (DB_DOMAIN) can be no more than 128 characters. Domain names using underscores (_) are not allowed. The values for DB_UNIQUE_NAME.DB_DOMAIN in its entirety must be unique within the enterprise.
For example, if your database has a global database name of orl$racprod2551.example.com
, which you supplied during installation, then the following values are used for initialization parameters:
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
DB_UNIQUE_NAME | orl$racprod2551 |
DB_DOMAIN | example.com |
DB_NAME | orl$racp |
The SID prefix is the first 8 characters of the database name. The SID prefix can contain only the characters a-z, A-Z, and 0-9. The SID prefix cannot contain operating system special characters, so if you use special characters in the first 8 characters of the database name, then these special characters are omitted in the SID prefix. There is a single SID prefix for every database. The SID prefix for a database must be unique within the cluster.
For an Oracle RAC database, each instance has a unique identifier, ORACLE_SID, which consists of the SID prefix and an instance number. The ORACLE_SID for Oracle RAC database instances is generated differently, depending on how you choose to manage the database. If you select a policy-managed database, then Oracle generates the SID in the format name_#, where name is the first eight alphanumeric characters of DB_UNIQUE_NAME, and # is the instance number. If you select an admin-managed database, then DBCA generates the SID for the instance names in advance, and the SID is in the format name#.
For example, if the DB_UNIQUE_NAME for a database is orl$racprod2551, then the following SID values are used:
Database or Instance Type | Value used for ORACLE_SID |
---|---|
Single-instance Oracle database | orlracpr |
Policy-managed Oracle RAC instance | orlracpr_1 |
Admin-managed Oracle RAC instance | orlracpr1 |
To install Oracle Database software with Oracle RAC:
Ensure that you can access other nodes with SSH. OUI requires that the user account running the Oracle RAC installation is permitted to set up passwordless SSH. OUI can set this up for you automatically, or your system administrator can set this up for you before installation is started.
Open the terminal from which you intend to run OUI, and log in as the user account that you want to own the Oracle Database installation (for example, oracle
).
If you are not able to turn off stty
commands, or have other restrictions that would prevent automatic SSH configuration from within OUI, then you must ensure that SSH is configured and enabled before you proceed to start the Installer.
Ensure that you have su
or sudo
credentials, because you will be prompted to run a script as the root
user during installation.
To use the Software Updates option to obtain the most current system requirement updates, critical patch updates, and other recommended updates for installation, use a valid My Oracle Support username and password, or provide the path to a downloaded Software Updates option package when prompted.
Start the runInstaller
command from the Disk1 on the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) installation media or install binary download area. For example, where the software binary download area is /home/oracle/oraclesw
, enter the following commands:
$ cd /home/oracle/oraclesw/Disk1 $ ./runInstaller
Provide information or run scripts as root
when prompted by OUI. If you need assistance during installation, click Help. Click Details to see the log file.
Note:
You can run theroot.sh
script simultaneously on all nodes in the cluster for Oracle RAC installations or upgrades.If you encounter problems during installation, then examine the OUI actions recorded in the installation log file. The log file is located in the Oracle Inventory directory in the following location:
OraInventory/logs/installActionsdate_time.log
Caution:
The Oracle home name and path that you provide during database installation must be different from the home that you used during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation in phase one. You must not install Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC software into the same home in which you installed the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster software.Note that because Oracle ASM is part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, it cannot be upgraded during an Oracle RAC installation.
When you have completed the second and final phase of the installation, proceed to Chapter 4, "Oracle Real Application Clusters Postinstallation Procedures" to perform the postinstallation tasks.
Caution:
After installation is completed and you have created the database, if you decide that you want to install additional Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) products in the database, then you must stop all processes running in the Oracle home before you attempt to install the additional products. For the Oracle Universal Installer to relink certain executables and libraries, all database processes must be stopped. Refer to Appendix E, "How to Stop Processes in an Existing Oracle Real Application Clusters Database" for additional information.The following is a list of additional information to note about installation:
On the Select Database Management Option page, if you have already completed the Grid Control Management Agent installation, then you can select either Grid or Local Database control. Otherwise, only Local Database control for database management is supported for Oracle RAC. When you use the local Database Control, you can choose the e-mail option and enter the outgoing SMTP server name and e-mail address.
If you perform an installation that does not include Oracle Enterprise Manager (for example, an Advanced Installation software install without Oracle Enterprise Manager, an installation with no Oracle Enterprise Manager configuration, or a database creation with your own scripts), then you can configure Oracle Enterprise Manager later using OUI, DBCA, or the Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Assistant (EMCA) utility.
To install Oracle RAC One Node:
Open the terminal from which you intend to run OUI, and log in as the user account that you want to own the Oracle Database installation (for example, oracle
).
If you are not able to turn off stty
commands, or have other restrictions that would prevent automatic SSH configuration from within OUI, then you must ensure that SSH is configured and enabled before you proceed to start the Installer.
Ensure that you have su
or sudo
credentials, because you will be prompted to run a script as the root
user during installation.
Start the runInstaller
command from the Disk1 on the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) installation media or install binary download area. For example, where the software binary download area is /home/oracle/oraclesw
, enter the following commands:
$ cd /home/oracle/oraclesw/Disk1 $ ./runInstaller
Select to configure an Oracle RAC One Node database, and select to and install Oracle RAC on all nodes where Oracle RAC One Node will run.
Provide information or run scripts as root
when prompted by OUI. If you need assistance during installation, click Help. Click Details to see the log file.
Note:
You can run theroot.sh
script simultaneously on all nodes in the cluster for Oracle RAC installations or upgrades.If you encounter problems during installation, then examine the OUI actions recorded in the installation log file. The log file is located in the Oracle Inventory directory in the following location:
OraInventory/logs/installActionsdate_time.log
Caution:
The Oracle home name and path that you provide during database installation must be different from the home that you used during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation in phase one. You must not install Oracle Database 11g with Oracle RAC software into the same home in which you installed the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a cluster software.If you are upgrading a database, then you must use the same type of Oracle home. For example, you should not change from local Oracle homes to a shared Oracle home.
Note that because Oracle ASM is part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, it cannot be upgraded during an Oracle RAC installation.
If you have selected to install Oracle RAC software only on cluster nodes, you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to configure Oracle RAC One Node.
After installation, start up DBCA, and on the Welcome page, select Oracle RAC One Node database. DBCA starts on only one node of the set of nodes you select. You can add additional nodes to the cluster later.
Selecting one node deploys Oracle RAC One Node on a single node. Oracle recommends that you select all nodes in the cluster to which you want Oracle RAC One Node to be able to fail over.
If you select less than two nodes, or create server pools with a cardinality of 2
or more, then DBCA posts a warning message that the configuration you select will not support failover of the Oracle RAC One Node instance.
When you create an admin-managed Oracle RAC One Node database, note that while the database is started on only one of the pool of nodes you installed the binaries, all the candidate servers are placed into the Generic server pool. If the servers are not already in Generic or Free, then this may result in stopping resources that are running on candidate servers.
See Also:
Oracle Technology Network for more information about Oracle RAC One Node:http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/database/clustering/index.html