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Oracle Solaris Administration: Basic Administration Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Information Library |
1. Oracle Solaris Management Tools (Road Map)
2. Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)
3. Working With the Oracle Java Web Console (Tasks)
4. Managing User Accounts and Groups (Overview)
5. Managing User Accounts and Groups (Tasks)
6. Managing Client-Server Support (Overview)
7. Managing Diskless Clients (Tasks)
Managing Diskless Clients (Task Map)
Preparing for Managing Diskless Clients
x86: How to Prepare for Adding Diskless Clients in a GRUB Based Boot Environment
How to Prepare for Adding Diskless Clients in Oracle Solaris 10
How to Add OS Services for Diskless Client Support
x86: How to Add a Diskless Client in the GRUB Based Boot Environment
How to Add a Diskless Client in Oracle Solaris 10
x86: How to Boot a Diskless Client With GRUB
SPARC: How to Boot a Diskless Client in Oracle Solaris 10
Patching Diskless Client OS Services
Displaying OS Patches for Diskless Clients
How to Add an OS Patch for a Diskless Client
Troubleshooting Diskless Client Problems
Troubleshooting Diskless Client Installation Problems
How to Locate and Install Missing ARCH=all Packages
Troubleshooting General Diskless Client Problems
8. Introduction to Shutting Down and Booting a System
9. Shutting Down and Booting a System (Overview)
10. Shutting Down a System (Tasks)
11. Modifying Oracle Solaris Boot Behavior (Tasks)
12. Booting an Oracle Solaris System (Tasks)
13. Managing the Oracle Solaris Boot Archives (Tasks)
14. Troubleshooting Booting an Oracle Solaris System (Tasks)
15. x86: GRUB Based Booting (Reference)
16. x86: Booting a System That Does Not Implement GRUB (Tasks)
17. Working With Oracle Configuration Manager
18. Managing Services (Overview)
20. Managing Software (Overview)
21. Managing Software With Oracle Solaris System Administration Tools (Tasks)
22. Managing Software by Using Oracle Solaris Package Commands (Tasks)
The following sections describe the preparations that are necessary for managing diskless clients.
Keep the following key points in mind when managing diskless clients:
The Oracle Solaris installation program doesn't prompt you to set up diskless client support. You must manually create an /export partition to support diskless clients. You create the /export partition during or after the installation process.
The /export partition must contain a minimum of 5 Gbytes, depending upon the number of clients supported. For specific information, see Disk Space Requirements for OS Servers.
The name service identified in the smosservice or smdiskless commands must match the primary name service identified in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file. If you don't specify a name service in the smdiskless or smosservice commands, the default name service is files.
Use the -D option to the smosservice and smdiskless commands to specify a name server. For more information, see the smosservice(1M) and smdiskless(1M) man pages.
Starting with the Solaris 10 8/07 release, the set_nfs4_domain script that was delivered in Oracle Solaris 10 is no longer used to set the NFSv4 domain. To set the NFSv4 domain, add the nfs4_domain keyword to the diskless client's sysidcfg file, for example, server:/export/root/client/etc/sysidcfg.
If the nfs4_domain keyword exists in the client system's sysidcfg file, the first boot of a diskless client sets the domain accordingly. Also, the OS server should be up and running, and the diskless client's NFSv4 domain setting must match the setting in the OS server's /var/run/nfs4_domain file.
For more information, see Preconfiguring With the sysidcfg File in Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Installation Guide: Network-Based Installations.
The OS server and the diskless client must be on the same subnet.
You cannot provide client services on a multiterabyte UFS file system, because OS and diskless client services cannot be added to a UFS file system that resides on an EFI-labeled disk.
Note - Attempts to add OS and diskless client services to a UFS file system that resides on an EFI-labeled disk result in an erroneous insufficient disk space message similar to the following:
The partition /export does not have enough free space. 1897816 KB (1853.34 MB) additional free space required. Insufficient space available on /dev/dsk/c0t5d0s0 /export
After you determine the platform, media path, and cluster for each diskless client, you are ready to add OS services.
The following directories are created and populated for each OS service that you add:
/export/Solaris_version /Solaris_version-instruction-set.all (symbolic link to /export/exec/Solaris_ version/Solaris_version-instruction-set.all)
/export/Solaris_version
/export/Solaris_version/var
/export/Solaris_version/opt
/export/share
/export/root/templates/Solaris_version
/export/root/clone
/export/root/clone/Solaris_version
/export/root/clone/Solaris_version/ machine-class
The following default directories are created and populated on the OS server for each diskless client that you add:
/export/root/diskless-client
/export/swap/diskless-client
/tftpboot/diskless-client-ipaddress-in-hex/export/dump/diskless-client (if you specify the -x dump option)
Note - You can modify the default locations of the root (/), /swap, and /dump directories by using the -x option to the smosservice and smdiskless commands. However, do not create these directories under the /export file system.
Use this procedure to prepare for adding a diskless client. This procedure includes general information for x86 based systems.
When you use the smosservice add command to add OS services, you must specify the platform, media path, and cluster (or software group) of each diskless client platform that you want to support.
Before You Begin
Ensure that the system that is intended to be the OS service is running a supported release. Also, verify that the OS server release and diskless client release combination is supported. For more information, see OS Server and Diskless Client Support Information.
instruction-set.machine-class. Solaris-version
For example:
i386.i86pc.Solaris_10
The following are the possible platform options:
|
Note - The sun-4c architecture is not supported in the Solaris 8, Solaris 9, or Oracle Solaris 10. The sun-4d architecture is not supported in the Solaris 9 or Oracle Solaris 10. The sun-4m architecture is not supported in the Oracle Solaris 10 OS.
The media path is the full path to the disk image that contains the OS that you want to install for the diskless client.
In some of the Oracle Solaris releases, the OS is delivered on multiple CDs. However, you cannot use the smosservice command to load OS services from a multiple CD distribution. You must run the scripts that are found on the Oracle Solaris software CDs (and optional Language CD), or the Oracle Solaris DVD, as described in the steps that follow:
Note - In this Oracle Solaris release, the software is delivered on DVD only.
For information on setting up an installation server, refer to Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Installation Guide: Network-Based Installations.
# /mount_point/Solaris_10/Tools/setup_install_server
For example:
Boot server IP (BootSrvA) : svr-addr (BootFile) : 01client-macro
where svr-addr is the IP address of the OS server and client-macro is named by the client's Ethernet type (01) and the Media Access Control (MAC) address of the client. This number is also the name of the file that is used in the /tftpboot directory on the installation server.
Note - The notation for the client-macro consists of uppercase letters. This notation should not contain any colons.
You can add these options from the command-line, or by using DHCP Manager. See Example 7-4 for more information.
For more information, see x86: How to Perform a GRUB Based Boot From the Network, Preconfiguring System Configuration Information With the DHCP Service (Tasks) in Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Installation Guide: Network-Based Installations, and Part III, DHCP, in Oracle Solaris Administration: IP Services.
/net/export/install/sol_10_x86
This is the disk media path that needs to be specified when you use the smosservice command.
You must use the same cluster for diskless clients that run the same OS on the same system.
Note - Always specify SUNWCXall as the cluster.
When you use the smosservice add command to add OS services, you must specify the platform, media path, and cluster (or software group) of each diskless client platform that you want to support.
Before You Begin
Ensure that the system that is intended to be the OS service is running a supported release. Also verify that the combination of OS server release and diskless client release is supported. For more information, see OS Server and Diskless Client Support Information.
instruction-set.machine-class.Solaris- version
For example:
sparc.sun4u.Solaris_10
The following are the possible platform options:
|
Note - The sun-4c architecture is not supported in the Solaris 8, Solaris 9, or Oracle Solaris 10. The sun-4d architecture is not supported in the Solaris 9 or Oracle Solaris 10. The sun-4m architecture is not supported in the Oracle Solaris OS.
The media path is the full path to the disk image that contains the OS that you want to install for the diskless client.
In some Oracle Solaris releases, the OS is delivered on multiple CDs. However, you cannot use the smosservice command to load OS services from a multiple CD distribution. You must run the scripts that are found on the Solaris software CDs (and optional Language CD), or the DVD, as described in the steps that follow:
Note - In this Oracle Solaris release, the software is delivered on DVD only.
For information on setting up an installation server, refer to Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Installation Guide: Network-Based Installations.
# /mount_point/Solaris_10/Tools/setup_install_server
/export/install/sparc_10
You must use the same cluster for diskless clients that run the same OS on the same system.
For example, consider the following Solaris 9 diskless clients:
sparc.sun4m.Solaris_9
sparc.sun4u.Solaris_9
To set up these diskless clients, you would need to specify the SUNWCXall cluster for each diskless client because the sun4u and sun4m systems require the SUNWCXall cluster. In addition, diskless clients that run the same operating release (in this example, Solaris_9) on the same system must use the same cluster.
Note - If you are using a sun4u system, or if you are using a system with an accelerated 8-bit color memory frame buffer ( cgsix), you must specify SUNWCXall as the cluster.
Use this procedure to add OS services for a diskless client on the server.
Note - When adding OS services with the smosservice add command, root (/) and /usr packages with the ARCH=all type are not installed. These packages are skipped. No warning or error messages are displayed. After you add the OS services to the OS server, you must install the missing packages manually. For instructions, see How to Locate and Install Missing ARCH=all Packages.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H host-name:898 --
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice add -H host-name :898 -- -o host-name -x mediapath=path -x platform= instruction-set.machine-class .Solaris_version -x cluster=cluster-name -x locale=locale-name
Adds the specified OS service.
Specifies the host name and port to which you want to connect. If you do not specify a port, the system connects to the default port, 898.
Note - The -H option is not a required option when using the smossservice command to add OS services.
Identifies that the subcommand arguments start after this point.
Specifies the full path to the Solaris image.
Specifies the instruction architecture, machine class, and the Solaris version to be added.
Specifies the Solaris cluster to install.
Specifies the locale to install.
Note - The installation process can take about 45 minutes, depending on the server speed and the OS service configuration you choose.
For more information, see the smosservice(1M) man page.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H host-name:898 --
Example 7-1 SPARC: Adding an OS Service for Diskless Client Support
This example shows how to add Solaris 10 SPARC based OS services on the server jupiter. The server jupiter is running the Oracle Solaris OS. The CD image of the Oracle Solaris 10 SPARC based OS is located on the installation server, myway, in /export/s10/combined.s10s_u2wos/61.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice add -H jupiter:898 -- -o jupiter -x mediapath=/net/myway/export/s10/combined.s10s_u2wos/61 -x platform=sparc.sun4u.Solaris_10 -x cluster=SUNWCXall -x locale=en_US # /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list - H jupiter:898 Authenticating as user: root Type /? for help, pressing enter accepts the default denoted by [ ] Please enter a string value for: password :: xxxxxx Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from jupiter:898 Login to jupiter as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from jupiter:898 was successful.
Example 7-2 x86: Adding an OS Service for Diskless Client Support
This example shows how to add Solaris 10 x86 based OS services on the server orbit. The server orbit is running the Oracle Solaris OS. The CD image of the Oracle Solaris 10 x86 based OS is located on the installation server, seriously, in /export/s10/combined.s10x_u2wos/03.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice add -H orbit:898 -- -o orbit -x mediapath=/net/seriously/export/s10u2/combined.s10x_u2wos/03 -x platform=i386.i86pc.Solaris_10 -x cluster=SUNWCXall -x locale=en_US # /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list - H orbit:898 Type /? for help, pressing <enter> accepts the default denoted by [ ] Please enter a string value for: password :: Starting Solaris Management Console server version 2.1.0. endpoint created: :898 Solaris Management Console server is ready. Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from orbit:898 Login to orbit as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from orbit:898 was successful. Client Root Area Swap Area Dump Area -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . . . #
Next Steps
Locate and install any ARCH=all packages that were missed when you ran the smosservice add command to add the OS services to the OS server. For more information, see How to Locate and Install Missing ARCH=all Packages.
Starting with the Solaris 10 1/06 release, use this procedure to add a diskless client after you have added OS services.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless add -- -i ip-address -e ethernet-address -n client-name -x os= instruction-set.machine-class.Solaris_ version -x root=/export/root/client-name -x swap=/export/swap/client-name -x swapsize=size -x tz= time-zone -x locale= locale-name
Adds the specified diskless client.
Identifies that the subcommand arguments start after this point.
Identifies the IP address of the diskless client.
Identifies the Ethernet address of the diskless client.
Specifies the name of the diskless client.
Specifies the instruction architecture, machine class, OS, and the Solaris version for the diskless client.
Identifies the root (/) directory for the diskless client.
Identifies the swap file for the diskless client.
Specifies the size of the swap file in Mbytes. The default is 24 Mbytes.
Specifies the time-zone for the diskless client.
Specifies the locale to install for the diskless client.
For more information, see the smdiskless(1M) man page.
For example:
Boot server IP (BootSrvA) : svr-addr Boot file (BootFile) : 01client-macro
where svr-addr is the IP address of the server and client-macro is named by the client's Ethernet type (01) and the MAC address of the client. This number is also the name of the file that is used in the /tftpboot directory on the installation server.
Note - The client-macro notation consists of uppercase letters. The notation should not contain any colons.
The following files and directories are created in the /tftpboot directory:
drwxr-xr-x 6 root sys 512 Dec 28 14:53 client-host-name lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 Dec 28 14:53 menu.lst.01ethernet-address -> /tftpboot/client-host-name/grub/menu.lst -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 118672 Dec 28 14:53 01ethernet-address
For more information, see Booting an x86 Based System From the Network.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless list -H host-name:898 --
Example 7-3 x86: Adding Diskless Client Support to an x86 Based System in the GRUB Boot Environment
This example shows how to add a Solaris 10 x86 based diskless client, mikey1.
rainy-01# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless add -H sdts-01-qfe0 -- -o sdts-01-qfe0 -n mikey1 -i 192.168.20.22 -e 00:E0:88:55:33:BC -x os=i386.i86pc.Solaris_10 -x root=/export/root/mikey1 -x swap=/export/swap/mikey1 Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from sdts-01-qfe0 Login to rainy-01-qfe0 as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from rainy-01-qfe0 was successful. # /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless list -H mikey1:898 -- Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from mikey1:898 Login to mikey1 as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from mikey1:898 was successful. Platform -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i386.i86pc.Solaris_10 sparc.sun4us.Solaris_10 sparc.sun4u.Solaris_10 i386.i86pc.Solaris_9
Example 7-4 x86: Adding the BootSrvA and BootFile DHCP Options to the DHCP Server Configuration
This example shows how to add the BootSrva and BootFile DHCP options that are necessary for enabling a PXE boot.
rainy-01# pntadm -A mikey1 -m 0100E0885533BC -f 'MANUAL+PERMANENT' \ -i 0100E0885533BC 192.168.0.101
rainy-01# dhtadm -A -m 0100E0885533BC -d \ ":BootSrvA=192.168.0.1:BootFile=0100E0885533BC:"
In the preceding examples, the server address is the IP address of the server, and the client macro is named by the client's Ethernet type (01) and its MAC address. This number is also the name of the file that is used in the /tftpboot directory on the installation server. Note that the notation for the client macro consists of uppercase letters and should not contain any colons.
Use this procedure to add a diskless client after you have added OS services. Unless otherwise noted, this procedure includes general information for both the SPARC and x86 platforms.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless add -- -i ip-address -e ethernet-address -n client-name -x os= instruction-set.machine-class.Solaris_ version -x root=/export/root/client-name -x swap=/export/swap/client-name -x swapsize=size -x tz= time-zone -x locale= locale-name
Adds the specified diskless client.
Identifies that the subcommand arguments start after this point.
Identifies the IP address of the diskless client.
Identifies the Ethernet address of the diskless client.
Specifies the name of the diskless client.
Specifies the instruction architecture, machine class, OS, and the Solaris version for the diskless client.
Identifies the root (/) directory for the diskless client.
Identifies the swap file for the diskless client.
Specifies the size of the swap file in Mbytes. The default is 24 Mbytes.
Specifies the time-zone for the diskless client.
Specifies the locale to install for the diskless client.
For more information, see the smdiskless(1M) man page.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless list -H host-name:898 --
Example 7-5 SPARC: Adding Diskless Client Support to a SPARC Based System
This example shows how to add Solaris 10 sun4u diskless client, starlite, from the server bearclaus.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless add -- -i 172.20.27.28 -e 8:0:20:a6:d4:5b -n starlite -x os=sparc.sun4u.Solaris_10 -x root=/export/root/starlite -x swap=/export/swap/starlite -x swapsize=128 -x tz=US/Mountain -x locale=en_US # /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless list -H starlite:898 -- Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from line2-v480:898 Login to line2-v480 as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from line2-v480:898 was successful. Platform -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i386.i86pc.Solaris_10 sparc.sun4us.Solaris_10 sparc.sun4u.Solaris_10 i386.i86pc.Solaris_9 sparc.sun4m.Solaris_9 sparc.sun4u.Solaris_9 sparc.sun4us.Solaris_9
Note that the smdiskless list -H command output lists both SPARC based and x86 based systems.
Example 7-6 x86: Adding Diskless Client Support to an x86 Based System That is Running Oracle Solaris 10
This example shows how to add an Oracle Solaris 10 x86 based diskless client, mars, from the server bearclaus.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless add -- -i 172.20.27.176 -e 00:07:E9:23:56:48 -n mars -x os=i386.i86pc.Solaris_10 -x root=/export/root/mars -x swap=/export/swap/mars -x swapsize=128 -x tz=US/Mountain -x locale=en_US
If you have installed or upgraded your system to at least the Solaris 10 1/06 OS, the procedure for booting a diskless client has changed. Follow these steps to boot a diskless client with GRUB.
Note - Starting with the Solaris 10 6/06 release, when booting the failsafe archive, you are no longer prompted by the system to automatically update the boot archives. The system prompts you to update the boot archives only if inconsistent boot archives are detected. For more information, see How to Boot an x86 Based System in Failsafe Mode.
Before You Begin
To ensure that the system boots from the network, verify the following prerequisites on the OS server:
Confirm that the name service used to add the diskless client and the OS services matches the primary name in the server's /etc/nsswitch.conf file.
Verify that the DHCP and tftp boot services are running.
Configure the system BIOS to boot from the network by enabling the PXE ROM option.
Some PXE-capable network adapters have a feature that enables PXE boot if you type a particular keystroke in response to a brief boot-time prompt. See your hardware documentation for information about how to set the boot priority in the BIOS.
The GRUB menu is displayed.
Depending on the configuration of your network installation server, the GRUB menu that is displayed on your system might vary from the GRUB menu that is shown here.
If you do not make a selection, the default OS instance is automatically booted after several seconds.
The boot command that you want to edit is displayed in the GRUB edit screen.
For more information about modifying kernel behavior at boot time, see Chapter 11, Modifying Oracle Solaris Boot Behavior (Tasks).
The GRUB menu is displayed, showing the edits you made to the boot command.
Before You Begin
Verify the following prerequisites on the OS server:
Confirm that the name service used to add the diskless client and the OS services matches the primary name in the server's /etc/nsswitch.conf file.
Otherwise, the diskless client will not boot.
Confirm that the rpc.bootparamd daemon is running. If it is not running, start it.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless delete -- -o host-name :898 -n client-name
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H host-name:898 --
Example 7-7 Removing Diskless Client Support
This example shows how to remove the diskless client holoship from the OS server starlite.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smdiskless delete -- -o starlite:898 -n holoship Authenticating as user: root Type /? for help, pressing enter accepts the default denoted by [ ] Please enter a string value for: password :: Starting SMC server version 2.0.0. endpoint created: :898 SMC server is ready. # /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H starlite:898 -- Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from starlite Login to starlite as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from starlite was successful.
Roles contain authorizations and privileged commands. For more information about roles, see Configuring RBAC (Task Map) in System Administration Guide: Security Services.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice delete -H $HOST:$PORT -u root -p $PASSWD -- -x instruction-set.all.Solaris_version
Note - Only the all machine-class is supported.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H host-name:898 --
Example 7-8 Removing OS Services for Diskless Clients
The following example shows how to removing the diskless client OS services (sparc.all.Solaris_10) from the server starlite.
# /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice delete -H starlite:898 -u root \ -p xxxxxx -- -x sparc.all.solaris_10 Authenticating as user: root Type /? for help, pressing enter accepts the default denoted by [ ] Please enter a string value for: password :: # /usr/sadm/bin/smosservice list -H starlite:898 -- Loading Tool: com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from starlite:898 Login to starlite as user root was successful. Download of com.sun.admin.osservermgr.cli.OsServerMgrCli from starlite:898 was successful