A partial update is a change in the overall data set that does not require restarting the MDEX Engine.
Partial updates are run concurrently with processing incoming queries. They allow you to update only those portions of the MDEX Engine index that have changed since the last baseline update.
A partial update lets you implement a number of the source data changes, but does not affect project configuration. For project configuration changes, run a baseline update.
Even if you are only making source data changes, keep in mind that some configuration information that is derived from the data, such as dictionary or wildcarding information, can become outdated. Therefore, to keep dictionaries up-to-date, periodically run baseline updates.