Source property mappings dictate which dimension values are tagged to each record and which property information is available for record search, sort, and display.
You use a property mapper component to establish source property mappings. Typically, the property mapper is placed in the pipeline after the Perl manipulator that is used to clean and prepare source properties (if one exists). You should use a single property mapper to map all of your source properties to both Endeca properties or dimensions.
Understanding property mappers is critical to building an Endeca implementation. Endeca recommends that you read the chapter "Mapping Source Properties" in the Endeca Forge Guide to gain a solid grounding in this critical concept.