Oracle® Fusion Applications Security Guide 11g Release 6 (11.1.6) Part Number E16689-06

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Security Tasks: Highlights

Security Tasks and Oracle Fusion Applications: How They Fit Together

Security Setup Tasks: How They Fit Together

Getting Started with an Implementation: Overview

Initial Security Administration: Critical Choices

Initial Security Administration: Worked Example

Defining Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

Defining Data Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

Defining Trading Partner Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

Security Tasks After Enterprise Changes: Points To Consider

Top Security Tasks

FAQs for Security Tasks

Security Tasks: Highlights

Security tasks include the following.

• Security setup

• Security implementation and administration

Security setup and administrative tasks performed by product administrators and implementation consultants, such as managing HCM security profiles, are presented in the documentation for those products.

Set Up the IT Security Manager Job Role

Provision the IT Security Manager job role with roles for user and role management.

• Using the OIM Administrator user name and password, sign in to Oracle Identity Manager (OIM). Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware Enterprise Deployment Guide for Oracle Identity Management (Oracle Fusion Applications Edition).
  See: Creating Users and Groups for Oracle Identity Manager
• Open the IT Security Manager job role's attributes and use the Hierarchy tab to add the User Identity Administrators role and the Role Administrators role in the OIM Roles category using the Add action. Use the Delegated Administration menu to search for the Xellerate Users organization and assign it to the IT Security Manager role. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: User Management Tasks

Prerequisite Tasks for Security Administration

Sign into Oracle Fusion Applications for the first time with the Installation Super User account to synchronize LDAP users with HCM user management and create an IT security manager user account and provision it with the IT Security Manager role.

• The super user account is established during installation. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Applications Installation Guide.
  See: Oracle Identity and Policy Management Configuration Parameters
• Synchronize LDAP users with HCM user management by performing the Run User and Roles Synchronization Process task. Monitor completion of the predefined Enterprise Scheduler job SyncRolesJob.
• Create a user account and provision it with roles. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: Managing Users
• As a security guideline, provision a dedicated security professional with the IT Security Manager role as soon as possible after initial security setup and revoke that role from users provisioned with the Application Implementation Consultant role. If entitled to do so, see Security Tasks and Oracle Fusion Applications: How They Fit Together for details about provisioning the IT security manager.

Required Security Administration Tasks

Establish at least one implementation user and provision that user with sufficient access to set up the enterprise for all integrated Oracle Fusion Middleware and all application pillars or partitions.

• Perform the initial security tasks. If entitled to do so, see Initial Security Administration: Critical Choices.
• Sign in to Oracle Fusion Applications using the IT security manager's or administrator's user name and password, and create and provision users who manage your implementation projects and set up enterprise structures by performing the Create Implementation Users task. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: User Management Tasks
• Create a data role for implementation users who will set up HCM that grants access to data in secured objects required for performing HCM setup steps. Provision the implementation user with this View All data role. See "Creating an HCM Data Role: Worked Example."
• For an overview of security tasks from the perspective of an applications administrator, refer to the Oracle Fusion Applications Administrator's Guide
  See: Securing Oracle Fusion Applications

Optional Security Administration Tasks

Once initial security administration is complete and your enterprise is set up with structures such as business units, additional security administration tasks are optional and based on modifying and expanding the predefined security reference implementation to fit your enterprise. See points to consider for defining security, data security and trading partner security after enterprise setup.

• Create users. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: Creating Users
• Provision users with roles. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: Adding and Removing Roles
• You manage users and job roles, including data and abstract roles, in Oracle Identity Management user interface pages. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.
  See: User Interfaces
• You manage duties, security policies, and data role templates in the Authorization Policy Manager. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware Authorization Policy Manager Administrator's Guide (Oracle Fusion Applications Edition).
  See: Managing Oracle Fusion Applications Data Security Policies
• You manage role provisioning rules in Human Capital Management (HCM). If entitled to do so, see Role Mappings: Explained.
• For a complete description of the Oracle Fusion Applications security reference implementation, see the Oracle Fusion Applications Security Reference Manuals for each offering.
• For a detailed functional explanation of the Oracle Fusion Applications security approach, refer to the following guides.
  See: Oracle Fusion Applications Security Guide
  See: Oracle Fusion Applications Security Hardening Guide
• Since security in Oracle Fusion Applications is based on integrations with Oracle Identity Management in Fusion Middleware, security features in the database, and Governance, Risk, Compliance, and Controls, additional resources in support of performing security tasks include the following.
• Authorization Policy Manager (APM) is available in Oracle Fusion Applications through integration with Oracle Identity Management (OIM). Authorization policy management involves managing duty roles, data role templates, and data security policies. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware Authorization Policy Manager Administrator's Guide (Oracle Fusion Applications Edition).
  See: Getting Started With Oracle Authorization Policy Manager
• Oracle Identity Management (OIM) is available in Oracle Fusion Applications through integration with Oracle Fusion Middleware. Identity management in Oracle Fusion Application involves creating and managing user identities, creating and linking user accounts, managing user access control through user role assignment, managing enterprise roles, and managing workflow approvals and delegated administration.
  See: Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager
• Oracle Fusion Applications is certified to integrate with Applications Access Controls Governor (AACG) in the Oracle Governance, Risk and Compliance Controls (GRCC) suite to ensure effective segregation of duties (SOD).
  See: Oracle Application Access Controls Governor Users Guide
  See: Oracle Application Access Controls Governor Implementation Guide
• Configure and manage auditing. Refer to the Oracle Fusion Middleware Application Security Guide.
  See: Configuring and Managing Auditing

Security Tasks and Oracle Fusion Applications: How They Fit Together

The major security tasks and their order within the context of an overall Oracle Fusion Applications implementation extend from security setup through production deployment audits.

The Oracle Fusion business process model (BPM) provides a sequence of security implementation tasks that includes the following.

• Security setup (Define Common Applications Configuration activity)

  • Define Implementation Users task group (optional)

    • Create Implementation Users task

    • Create Data Role for Implementation Users task

    • Provision Roles to Implementation Users task

  • Define security - tasks vary depending on deployed Oracle Fusion product family

    • Revoke Data Role from Implementation Users task

    • Import Worker Users task

    • Import Partner Users task

    • Manage Duties task

    • Manage Job Roles task

    • Manage Application Access Controls task

  • Define Automated Governance, Risk, and Performance Controls activity

    • Manage Application Access Controls task (AACG settings)

    • Manage Application Preventive Controls task

    • Manage Application Transaction Controls task

    • Manage Application Configuration Controls task

• User and role provisioning tasks

  • Implement Role Request and Provisioning Controls activity

    • Import Worker Users task

    • Import Partner Users task

    • Self Request User Roles task

    • Approve User and Role Provisioning Requests task

    • Assign User Roles task

    • Manage Supplier User Roles and User Role Usages task

    • Map and Synchronize User Account Details task

    • Tasks for viewing account details for self or others

    • Tasks for applying and managing various role provisioning rules

    • Tasks for running synchronization processes

• Security implementation and ongoing maintenance after setup (Manage IT Security activity)

  • Implement Function Security Controls

    • Create Job Role task

    • Import Worker Users task

    • Import Partner Users task

    • Manage Duties task

    • Manage Job Roles task

    • Manage Users task

  • Implement Data Security Controls

    • Manage Data Security Policies task

    • Manage Role Templates task

    • Manage Encryption Keys task

    • Manage Segment Security task

    • Manage Data Access Sets task

    • Define Security Profiles task group

• Auditing tasks

  • Manage Security Audit, Compliance and Reporting activity

    • Manage Application Access Controls task

Required Roles

The Oracle Fusion Applications installation process sets up a single, super user provisioned with the following enterprise roles.

• Application Implementation Consultant

• IT Security Manager

• Application Administrators for the provisioned products

Initial security administration includes provisioning the IT Security Manager role with Oracle Identity Management (OIM) roles that carry entitlement for user and role management.

• Identity User Administrator

• Role Administrator

Additionally, the Xellerate Users organization must be assigned to the IT Security Manager role.

Tools Used to Perform Security Tasks

Security tasks are supported by tools within both Oracle Fusion Applications and Oracle Fusion Middleware.

The figure lists the tasks associated with each of the integrated products and pillars of an Oracle Fusion Applications deployment.

Security Setup Tasks: How They Fit Together

Set up security before and after setting up the enterprise with enterprise structures.

Security setup and administration tasks typically use integrated user interface pages that are provided by the following products.

• Oracle Identity Manager (OIM)

• Oracle Authorization Policy Manager (APM)

• Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM) products

• Oracle Application Access Control Governor (AACG) in Governance, Risk, and Compliance Controls (GRCC)

To define data security, administrators and implementation users additionally access integrated user interfaces provided by several products, including the following.

• Oracle Fusion Global Human Resources

• Oracle Fusion Middleware Extensions for Applications (FND)

• Oracle Fusion General Ledger (GL)

• Supplier Portal

Manage users and enterprise role hierarchies in OIM. Manage roles, including duty roles, in APM. Perform supplier role setup tasks for trading partner security in Supplier Portal. Application administrators perform user and role provisioning tasks within applications such as HCM, General Ledger, and Supplier Portal.

Initial Security Setup

The following table shows initial security setup tasks in a likely order, as well as the conditions and purposes of the tasks and where in the user interface these tasks are performed.

Security Setup During Enterprise Setup

When setting up the enterprise with structures such as business units, data roles are automatically generated that inherit job roles based on data role templates. Data roles also can be generated based on HCM security profiles. Data role templates and HCM security profiles enable defining the instance sets specified in data security policies.

Additional Security Setup After Enterprise Setup

An HCM application administrator or application implementation consultant sets up enterprise structures, such as business units and ledgers, using Define Common Application Configuration activities. After the enterprise has been set up, you can proceed with the following security setup tasks.

The following table shows the tasks in a likely order, as well as the conditions and purposes of the tasks and where in the user interface these tasks are performed.

Getting Started with an Implementation: Overview

To start an Oracle Fusion Applications implementation, you must setup one or more initial users using the super user that was created during installation and provisioning of the Oracle Fusion Applications environment. Because Oracle Fusion Applications is secure as delivered, the process of enabling the necessary setup access for initial users requires several specialized steps when getting started with an implementation.

The following high level steps are required for starting an implementation.

1. As the Oracle Identity Management Administration user, provision the IT Security Manager job role with roles for user and role management.

   This step enables the super user account, which is provisioned with the IT Security Manager job role, to create implementation users.

2. As the Oracle Fusion Applications installation super user, perform the following tasks once you have selected an offering to implement and generated the setup tasks needed to implement the offering.

   1. Synchronize users and roles in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) store with HCM user management by using the Run User and Roles Synchronization Process task.

   2. Create an IT security manager user by using the Create Implementation Users task.

   3. Provision the IT security manager with the IT Security Manager role by using the Provision Roles to Implementation Users task.

3. As the newly created IT security manager user, sign in to Oracle Fusion Applications and set up at least one implementation user for setting up enterprise structures.

   1. Create an implementation user by using the Create Implementation Users task.

   2. Provision the implementation user with the Application Implementation Manager job role or the Application Implementation Consultant job role by using the Provision Roles to Implementation Users task. The Application Implementation Consultant job role inherits from all product-specific application administrators and entitles the necessary View All access to all secured object.

   3. Optionally, create a data role for an implementation user who needs only the limited access of a product-specific Application Administrator by using the Create Data Role for Implementation Users. Then assign the resulting data role to the implementation user by using the Provision Roles to Implementation Users task.

The figure shows the task flow from provisioning the IT Security Manager job role with the user and role management entitlement to creating and provisioning implementation users for enterprise setup.

Initial Security Administration: Critical Choices

After installation and provisioning, and before setting up enterprise structures and implementing projects, you must establish required entitlement for the super user account and at least one implementation user to proceed with the implementation. Once initial enterprise structure setup is complete, additional users may be created through processes available in Human Capital Management (HCM).

Initial security administration consists of the following.

• Preparing the IT Security Manager job role

• Synchronizing users and roles from Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) with HCM

• Creating implementation users

• Optionally creating data roles for implementation users

• Provisioning implementation users with roles

Once the first implementation project begins and the enterprise work structure is set up, use standard user and security management processes such as the Manage Users task to create and manage additional users. Do not use the Create Implementation Users task after your enterprise has been set up.

Preparing the IT Security Manager Job Role

Initially the super user is not provisioned to manage users and roles.

You must add the following Oracle Identity Management (OIM) roles to the IT Security Manager job role's role hierarchy to enable the super user to create one or more initial implementation users.

• Identity User Administrators

• Role Administrators

Additionally, you must assign the Xellerate Users organization to the IT Security Manager role.

Synchronizing Users and Roles from LDAP

After configuring an offering and setting up the task lists for implementation, the Run User and Roles Synchronization Process task is available to the super user for synchronizing users and roles in the LDAP store with Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM).

Defining Initial Implementation Users

The super user is provisioned with roles that provide broad access to Oracle Fusion Middleware and Oracle Fusion Applications administration, and is not suitable as an implementation user in most enterprises. The super user should define at least one implementation user, which consists of creating the user account and provisioning it with at least the Application Implementation Consultant and Application Implementation Manager job roles.

As a security guideline, define an IT security manager user who in turn defines one or more implementation users to set up enterprise structures. The IT security manager users can provision the implementation user with the Application Implementation Consultant role, which entitles access to all enterprise structures. Or the IT security manager can create a data role that restricts access to enterprise structures of a specific product and provisioning that role.

Depending on the size of your implementation team, you may only need a single implementation user for security administration, implementation project management, enterprise structures setup, and application implementation. That single user must then be provisioned with all indicated roles, and therefore broad access.

Creating Implementation Users

The super user creates one or more implementation users by performing the Create Implementation Users task.

Creating Data Roles for Implementation Users

As an alternative to provisioning an implementation user with the Application Implementation Consultant role to access all enterprise structures, you may need implementation users with access restricted to enterprise structures for specific products. In this case, use the Create Data Roles for Implementation Users task to create a data role based on a job role with less broad access, such as the HCM Application Administrator job role.

Provisioning Roles to Implementation Users

After creating an implementation user, you must provision the user with one or more roles by performing the Provision Roles to Implementation Users task.

For example, assign a role to the implementation user that provides the access necessary for setting up the enterprise. Depending on need, provision to the implementation user the predefined Applications Implementation Consultant role or a product family-specific administrator data role, such as a data role based on the predefined Financials Applications Administrator.

Initial Security Administration: Worked Example

This example illustrates initial security administration after having installed and provisioned an Oracle Fusion Applications environment.

In Oracle Fusion Applications, you manage users and security through Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM) user management flows, which are included in each of the offering task lists. However, the HCM task flows require that enterprise structures have been set up, and yet to add users who can set up enterprise structures you need to have set up HCM. Therefore, you need to create one or more initial implementation users who are responsible for providing the following.

• Users and their applications security management

• Implementation project management

• Initial enterprise structures management

The following table summarizes key decisions for this scenario.

You create an initial implementation user by performing the following tasks.

1. The Oracle Identity Management System Administrator user provisions the IT Security Manager job role with roles for user and role management.

2. The Oracle Fusion Applications super user synchronizes LDAP users with HCM user management so that users can be provisioned with roles through HCM.

3. The Oracle Fusion Applications super user performs the Create Implementation Users task to create one or more IT security manager and administrator users provisioned with security administrative entitlement.

4. The IT Security Manager user signs in to Oracle Fusion Applications and performs the Create Implementation Users task to create implementation managers and users.

5. The IT Security Manager user provisions implementation users for enterprise structure setup.

Preparing the IT Security Manager Role

The super user that was created when installing and provisioning Oracle Fusion Applications (for example, FAADMIN) has all necessary access for implementing Oracle Fusion Applications and administering security. This access is provided by the following roles:

• Application Implementation Consultant

• IT Security Manager

Neither of these roles provides access needed for creating and managing Oracle Fusion Applications users. Therefore, you must add the following two OIM roles to the IT Security Manager role:

• Identity User Administrators

• Role Administrators

The following procedure is prerequisite to an IT security manager or administrator creating an initial one or more implementation users.

1. While signed into Oracle Identity Manager as the OIM System Administrator user, click the Administration link in the upper right of the Oracle Identity Manager.

   This accesses the Welcome to Identity Manager Delegated Administration menu.

2. In the Roles list of tasks, click Advanced Search - Roles. Search for the Identity Users Administrators role by entering the role name in Display Name and clicking Search.

   In the Search Results, click the role's Display Name.

3. On the Hierarchy tab, select Inherits From and click Add.
4. In the Add Parent Role to: IDENTITY USER ADMINISTRATORS window, select the role category: Common - Job Roles and add the IT Security Manager.

   Click the arrow icon to show the list of available roles. Select IT Security Manager and move it to the Roles to Add list. Click Save.

5. Search for the Role Administrators role, and repeat steps 1 to 4 to add that role to the IT Security Manager role's role inheritance.
6. Assign the IT Security Manager role to the Xellerate Users organization.

   1. In the Welcome to Identity Manager Delegated Administration menu (see step 1, above), in the Organizations list of tasks, click Advanced Search - Organizations.

   2. Search for the Xellerate Users organization by entering Xellerate Users in Display Name and clicking Search.

   3. In the Search Results, click the organization's Display Name. The Xellerate Users page appears.

   4. Click the Administrative Roles link in the row of links above the Xellerate Users.

   5. In Filter By Role Name of the Details window, enter the following string:

      *IT_SECURITY_MANAGER*

      Click Find.

   6. Enable Read, Write, Delete, and Assign.

   7. Click Assign.

   8. Click Confirm.

Synchronizing Users and Roles from LDAP

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) must be synchronized with HCM user management so that users can be provisioned with roles through HCM.

1. Sign in to Oracle Fusion Applications using the super user's user name (for example FAADMIN) and password.

   If you do not know the super user name and password, check with your system administrator or the person who installed Oracle Fusion Applications. For more information about account creation in Oracle Fusion Applications provisioning, see the Oracle Fusion Applications Installation Guide.

2. Perform the Run User and Roles Synchronization Process task by clicking Submit in the Process Details page.

   The SyncRolesJob process takes some time to complete the first time it is run.

3. Monitor completion of the SyncRolesJob process from Navigator > Tools > Scheduled Processes before continuing with creating implementation users.

Defining an IT Security Manager User

The super user has broad access to Oracle Fusion Middleware and Oracle Fusion Applications administration. Due to this broad access, your enterprise needs users dedicated to managing users and applications security, such as an IT security manager user.

1. While signed in as the Oracle Fusion Applications super user, access the Create Implementation Users task and create an IT security manager.

   The Oracle Identity Manager appears.

2. Click Create User.

   For details, see the Creating Users section in the Oracle Fusion Middleware User's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.

3. Provide the following attributes:
   

   Attribute	Value	Example
   Last name	<any valid string>	Smith
   Organization	Xellerate Users	N/A
   User type	Non Worker	N/A
   User login	<any valid string>	IT_SECURITY_MANAGER
   Login password	<any valid string>	SeKur1TyPa$$w0Rd

   Note

   In Oracle Fusion Applications, an implementation user is a user account created in OIM only, specifically for implementation tasks, and is not related to a real person or identity such as a user defined in HCM.

4. Click Save.
5. On the Roles tab in the IT_SECURITY_MANAGER user creation task flow, click Assign.
6. In the Add Role window, search for the IT Security Manager role and click Add.

Defining an Implementation User for Enterprise Structures Setup

1. Sign in to Oracle Fusion Applications using the IT security manager user's name and password.
2. Create and provision an implementation user using the same task flow as for creating the IT security manager user in the previous section, except provision the following roles.

   • Application Implementation Manager

   • Application Implementation Consultant

   Note

   For an implementation to begin, at least one user must be provisioned with the Application Implementation Manager role, and another or the same user must be provisioned with the Application Implementation Consultant role. The Application Implementation Consultant has broad access too set up all enterprise structures.

Defining Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

After the implementation user has set up the enterprise, further security administration depends on the requirements of your enterprise.

The Define Security activity within the Information Technology (IT) Management business process includes the following tasks.

• Import Worker Users

• Import Partner Users

• Manage Job Roles

• Manage Duties

• Manage Application Access Controls

If no legacy users, user accounts, roles, and role memberships are available in the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) store, and no legacy workers are available in Human Resources (HR), the implementation user sets up new users and user accounts and provisions them with roles available in the Oracle Fusion Applications reference implementation.

If no legacy identities (workers, suppliers, customers) exist to represent people in your enterprise, implementation users can create new identities in Human Capital Management (HCM), Supplier Portal, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Self Service, respectively, and associate them with users.

Before Importing Users

Oracle Identity Management (OIM) handles importing users.

If legacy employees, contingent workers, and their assignments exist, the HCM Application Administrator imports these definitions by performing the Load Batch Data task. If user and role provisioning rules have been defined, the Load Batch Data process automatically creates user and role provisioning requests as the workers are created.

Once the enterprise is set up, performing the Load Batch Data task populates the enterprise with HR workers in records linked by global user ID (GUID) to corresponding user accounts in the LDAP store. If no user accounts exist in the LDAP store, the Load Batch Data task results in new user accounts being created. Worker email addresses as an alternate input for the Load Batch Data task triggers a search of the LDAP for user GUIDs, which may perform more slowly than entering user names.

In the security reference implementation, the HCM Application Administrator job role hierarchy includes the HCM Batch Data Loading Duty role, which is entitled to import worker identities. This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Load Batch Data task in HCM.

If role provisioning rules have been defined, the Import Person and Organization task automatically provisions role requests as the users are created.

Import Users

If legacy users (identities) and user accounts exist outside the LDAP store that is being used by the Oracle Fusion Applications installation, the IT security manager has the option to import these definitions to the LDAP store by performing the Import Worker Users and Import Partner Users tasks.

If no legacy users or user accounts can be imported or exist in an LDAP repository accessible to Oracle Identity Management (OIM), the IT security manager creates users manually in OIM or uses the Load Batch Data task to create users from imported HR workers.

Once users exist, their access to Oracle Fusion Applications is dependent on the roles provisioned to them in OIM or Human Capital Management. Use the Manage HCM Role Provisioning Rules task to define rules that determine what roles are provisioned to users.

Importing user identities from other applications, including other Oracle Applications product lines, is either a data migration or manual task. Migrating data from other Oracle Applications includes user data. For more information about importing users, see the Oracle Fusion Middleware Developer's Guide for Oracle Identity Manager.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the HCM Batch Data Loading Duty and the Partner Account Administration Duty. These duty roles provide entitlement to import or create users. The entitlement Load Batch Data provides the access necessary to perform the Import Worker Users task in OIM. The entitlement Import Partner entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Import Partner Users task in OIM.

Manage Job Roles

Job and abstract roles are managed in OIM. This task includes creating and modifying job and abstract roles, but not managing role hierarchies of duties for the jobs.

Roles control access to application functions and data. Various types of roles identify the functions performed by users.

The Oracle Fusion Applications security reference implementation provides predefined job and abstract roles. In some cases, the jobs defined in your enterprise may differ from the predefined job roles in the security reference implementation. The predefined roles and role hierarchies in Oracle Fusion may require changes or your enterprise may require you to create new roles. For example, you need a job role for a petty cash administrator, in addition to an accounts payable manager. The security reference implementation includes a predefined Accounts Payable Manager, and you can create a petty cash administrator role to extend the reference implementation.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Enterprise Role Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage job and abstract roles (the entitlement is Manage Enterprise Role). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Job Roles task in OIM.

Manage Duties

A person with a job role must be able to perform certain duties. In the Oracle Fusion Applications security reference implementation, enterprise roles inherit duties through a role hierarchy. Each duty corresponds to a duty role. Duty roles specify the duties performed within applications and define the function and data access granted to the enterprise roles that inherit the duty roles.

Managing duties includes assigning duties to job and abstract roles in a role hierarchy using Authorization Policy Manager (APM). If your enterprise needs users to perform some actions in applications coexistent with Oracle Fusion applications, you may wish to remove the duty roles that enable those actions. For details about which duty roles are specific to the products in an offering, see the Oracle Fusion Applications Security Reference Manual for each offering.

OIM stores the role hierarchy and the spanning of roles across multiple pillars or logical partitions of applications.

In cases where your enterprise needs to provide access to custom functions, it may be necessary to create or modify the duty roles of the reference implementation.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Application Role Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage duty roles (the entitlement is Manage Application Role). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Duties task in APM.

Manage Application Access Controls

Prevent or limit the business activities that a single person may initiate or validate by managing segregation of duties policies in the Application Access Controls Governor (AACG) .

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Segregation of Duties Policy Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage segregation of duties policies (the entitlement is Manage Segregation of Duties Policy). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Application Access Controls task in AACG.

Defining Data Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

After the implementation user has set up the enterprise, further security administration depends on the requirements of your enterprise.

The Define Data Security activity within the Information Technology (IT) Management business process includes the following tasks.

• Manage Data Access Sets

• Manage Segment Security

• Manage Role Templates

• Manage Data Security Policies

• Manage Encryption Keys

These tasks address data security administration. For information on using the user interface pages for setting up and managing data security, see the Oracle Fusion Middleware Administrator's Guide for Authorization Policy Manager (Oracle Fusion Applications edition).

Manage Data Access Sets

Data access sets define a set of access privileges to one or more ledgers or ledger sets.

The information on ledgers that are attached to data access sets are secured by function security. Users must have access to the segment values associated with the data access sets to access the corresponding GL account.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Data Access Administration Duty role, which is entitled to manage data access sets (the entitlement is Define General Ledger Data Access Set). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Data Access Sets task in General Ledger.

Manage Segment Security

Balancing or management segment values can secure data within a ledger.

Segment values are stored in GL_ACCESS_SET_ASSIGNMENTS and secured by restrictions, such as Exclude, on parameters that control the set of values that a user can use during data entry.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Application Key Flexfield Administration Duty role, which is entitled to manage application key flexfields (the entitlement is Manage Application Key Flexfield). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Segment Security task in General Ledger.

Manage Role Templates

Data role templates automatically create or update data roles based on dimensions such as business unit. As an enterprise expands, data role templates trigger replication of roles for added dimensions. For example, when creating a new business unit, a data role template generates a new Accounts Payables Manager data role based on the Financials Common Module Template for Business Unit Security data role template.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Application Role Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage data role templates (the entitlement is Manage Role Template). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Role Templates task in APM.

Manage Data Security Policies

Data security grants provisioned to roles are data security policies. The security reference implementation provides a comprehensive set of predefined data security policies and predetermined data security policies based on data role templates.

Data security policies are available for review in Authorization Policy Manager (APM). Data security policies are implemented by grants stored in Oracle Fusion Data Security (FND_GRANTS).

Data security policies secure the database resources of an enterprise. Database resources are predefined applications data objects and should not be changed. However, for cases where custom database resources must be secured objects, the IT security manager is entitled to manage database resources and create new data security policies.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Application Role Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage data security policies (the entitlement is Manage Data Security Policy). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Data Security Policies task in APM.

Manage Encryption Keys

Create or edit encryption keys held in Oracle Wallet to secure Personally Identifiable Information (PII) attributes This task is only available when Payments is implemented.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Payments Data Security Administration Duty role, which is entitled to manage encryption keys that secure PII (the entitlement is Manage Wallet). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Encryptions Keys task in Payments.

Defining Trading Partner Security After Enterprise Setup: Points to Consider

Trading partner access can be secured with user roles and user role usages for suppliers.

Trading Partner Security tasks within the Information Technology (IT) Management business process are:

• Manage Supplier User Roles

• Manage Supplier User Role Usages

Manage Supplier User Roles

This task manages roles that the supplier administrator can provision to supplier users, and is only available when the Supplier Portal or Sourcing are implemented.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the User Management Duty role, which is entitled to create and manage users (the entitlement is Manage User Principal). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Create Implementation Users task in OIM.

In the security reference implementation the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Supplier User Role Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage supplier user roles (the entitlement is Manage Supplier User Roles). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Supplier User Roles task in the Supplier Portal or Sourcing.

Manage Supplier User Role Usages

This task manages the set of roles and default roles that supplier users can provision based on the roles that are defined by the Manage Supplier User Roles task.

This task is only available when the Supplier Portal or Sourcing are implemented.

In the security reference implementation, the IT Security Manager job role hierarchy includes the Supplier Portal Configuration Management Duty role, which is entitled to manage supplier user roles (the entitlement is Manage Supplier User Role Usages). This entitlement provides the access necessary to perform the Manage Supplier User Roles Usages task in the Supplier Portal or Sourcing.

Security Tasks After Enterprise Changes: Points To Consider

Various changes to your enterprise require security adjustments.

• New enterprise roles

• Reorganization

New Enterprise Roles

You may be adding new abstract or job roles or both, and the data role templates in your deployment may be generating new data roles as you set up new dimensions.

As a security guideline, adjust your role provisioning rules so these new roles are appropriately provisioned.

Reorganization

You may create a new business unit or combine existing business units.

Securing the change may require security tasks including the following.

• Changes to role provisioning rules for new or obsolete data roles.

Top Security Tasks

The top security administration tasks for IT security managers and security administrators are the ones required or most likely necessary in setting up and implementing Oracle Fusion Applications security.

Top security tasks include the following.

• Top initial security setup tasks

• Top tasks for defining security implementation

• Top security administration tasks

Top Initial Security Setup Tasks

The top initial security setup tasks are as follows.

Top Tasks for Defining Security Implementation

After reviewing the security reference implementation, as presented in the Security Reference Manual for each offering, the top tasks for defining security implementation are as follows.

Top Security Administration Tasks

The top security administration tasks are as follows.

FAQs for Security Tasks

How can I view the duties included in a job role?

Use the Manage Duties task to view the duties inherited by a role. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager.

Each logical partition or pillar contains a collection of application roles representing duties, and function and data security policies carried by those roles.

How do I view the entitlement or policies carried by a job role?

Use the Manage Duties task to view the entitlement carried by the duty roles in a role hierarchy, or policies carried by enterprise roles. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager.

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) policy store stores application roles representing duties, and the identity store stores enterprise roles.

How do I change which roles are in a role hierarchy?

Use the Manage Job Roles task to create a hierarchy of enterprise roles. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Oracle Identity Management UI pages.

Use the Manage Duties task to create a hierarchy of duty roles. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager.

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) stores the role hierarchy and the spanning of roles across multiple pillars or logical partitions. The policy store stores duty roles. The identity store stores enterprise roles.

How do I create a hierarchy of roles?

Use the Manage Job Roles task to create a hierarchy of enterprise roles. Use the integrated Oracle Identity Management UI pages to perform this task

User the Manage Duties task to create a hierarchy of applications roles. Use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager to perform this task.

Why would I need to remove duty roles from a role hierarchy?

Some duty roles may enable actions and their associated users interface features that your enterprise does not want users to perform in Oracle Fusion applications.

How do I create a new job role?

Use the following tasks to view the job, abstract, and data roles provisioned to a user.

• Create Job Roles

• Manage Job Roles

Use the integrated Oracle Identity Management UI pages to perform these tasks. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) identity store stores enterprise roles.

Can I create a new duty role?

Yes, but this should only be necessary if you have extended your Oracle Fusion Applications with new duties involving custom objects or functions that must be secured.

Use the Manage Duties task to create a duty role. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager.

How can I view the segregation of duties policies respected by a role?

Use the Manage Segregation of Duties Policies task to view segregation of duties policies. Use the integrated Application Access Controls Governor (AACG) in Governance, Risk, and Compliance Controls (GRCC) to perform this task.

The Oracle Fusion Applications security reference manual (SRM) for each offering documents the segregation of duties (SOD) policies respected within each job role.

How can I view segregation of duties policy violations?

Use the Manage Application Access Controls task to view segregation of duties policy violations carried by the duty roles inherited by a job role. Use the integrated Application Access Controls Governor (AACG) in Governance, Risk, and Compliance Controls (GRCC) to perform this task.

The Oracle Fusion Applications security reference manual (SRM) for each offering documents the segregation of duties (SOD) policies respected within each job role.

How can I view or change the data security policies carried by job, abstract, and data roles?

Use the Manage Data Security Policies task to view or change data security policies. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager or data security pages provided by Oracle Fusion Middleware Extensions for Applications (Applications Core).

Oracle Fusion Data Security stores data security policies in the policy store.

How do I create a new data role?

Use the Manage Role Templates task to define which data roles are generated. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager.

Use the Manage Data Roles and Security Profiles task to define which HCM data roles are generated. To perform this task, you'll use Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM).

These tasks may trigger the need for revised role provisioning rules to ensure that new data roles are appropriately provisioned to users.

How can I create a new data security policy?

Use the Manage Data Security Policies task to create new data security policies. Data security policies can also be created by generating data roles based on data role templates or HCM security profiles. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager or data security pages provided by Oracle Fusion Middleware Extensions for Applications (Applications Core).

Oracle Fusion Data Security stores data security policies in the policy store.

How can I view, create, or change a data role template?

Use the Manage Role Templates task to view, create, or change data role templates. Use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager to perform the Manage Role Templates task.

How can I secure a common object such as an attachment category or a profile option?

Use the Manage Data Security Policies task to secure objects. To perform this task, you'll use the integrated Authorization Policy Manager or data security pages provided by Oracle Fusion Middleware Extensions for Applications (Applications Core).

How do I view, create, or update encryption keys used to secure attributes of personally identifiable information?

Use the Manage Encryption Keys task, which is available in Oracle Fusion Payments.

How do I view, create, or update data access sets used to secure ledgers and ledger sets?

Use the Manage Data Access Sets task, which is available in Oracle Fusion General Ledger.

How do I view, create, or update accounting flexfield segment security rules?

Use the Manage Security Segments task, which is available in Oracle Fusion General Ledger.

Why can't a user access a task?

If a user believes a necessary task is missing from their list of tasks, they may need to be provisioned with different or additional roles.

Access is provisioned to users based on their position or job, which consists of the duties performed in that job. Provisioned enterprise roles provide access by means of inherited duty roles.

The duty roles in a role hierarchy carry entitlement to access functions and data. Duty roles are not provisioned directly to users but granted to enterprise roles in a role hierarchy. As a security guideline, refrain from changing the privileges of the duty role's entitlement. If more or less entitlement is required by an enterprise role, change the role hierarchy that defines the enterprise role instead.

Users are generally provisioned with roles based on role provisioning rules. If a user requests being provisioned with a role to access a task, use the security considerations of your enterprise and the roles available in your security reference implementation to determine which roles are appropriate.

How can I tell which roles are provisioned to a user?

Use the following tasks to view the job, abstract, and data roles provisioned to a user.

• Manage Users

• Manage User Principal

• Provision Roles to Implementation Users

Use Human Capital Management and integrated Oracle Identity Management UI pages to perform these tasks. Users, roles, and provisioning information are stored in Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) stores.

How can I create a new user?

Use the Manage Users task to create new users. Use Human Capital Management (HCM) pages to perform this task.

When you create a new worker, HCM creates a new user and identity.

The Hire Employee and Add Contingent Worker tasks also result in new user creation requests.

Creating a new user automatically triggers role provisioning requests based on role provisioning rules.

How do I provision roles to users?

Use the following tasks to provision roles to users.

• Manage Users

• Provision Roles to Implementation Users

The Manage Users task is available in Oracle Fusion Human Capital Management (HCM), Oracle Fusion Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Oracle Fusion Suppliers.

Implementation users are provisioned through Oracle Identity Management (OIM) when HCM is not setup at the start of the implementation. The Provision Roles to Implementation Users is not needed once implementation is complete. Once HCM is setup, HCM is used to provision roles to non-implementation users by performing the Manage Users task. Human Resources (HR) transaction flows such as Hire and Promote also provision roles.

How do I view an audit log?

Use Oracle Enterprise Manager to view audit logs. Viewing audit logs is an Oracle Fusion Middleware function and not represented by an Oracle Fusion Applications business process model (BPM) task.

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