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应用程序包开发者指南 Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Information Library (简体中文) |
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应用程序包开发者指南 Oracle Solaris 10 1/13 Information Library (简体中文) |
尽管您可以为各种软件包选择能够保证对某个体系结构和版本唯一的基目录，但这会导致目录分层结构中存在多余的级别。例如，对于为基于 SPARC 和 x86 的处理器设计的产品，您可能会根据处理器和版本组织基目录，如下所示。
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这样做完全可以而且有效，但是您处理名称和编号的方式就好像它们对管理员有意义一样。一种更好的方法是在向管理员进行解释并获取权限之后自动完成此工作。
这意味着您可以在软件包中完成全部工作，而无需要求管理员手动完成。您可以在 postinstall 脚本中任意指定基目录，然后透明地建立适当的客户机链接。您还可以在 postinstall 脚本中使用 pkgadd 命令在客户机上安装软件包的全部或一部分。您甚至可以咨询管理员哪些用户或客户机需要了解此软件包，并自动更新 PATH 环境变量和 /etc 文件。只要软件包在安装时执行的所有操作能够在删除时撤消，那么该方法是完全可以接受的。
您可以利用两种方法在安装时控制基目录。第一种方法最适合于仅能安装在 Solaris 2.5 和兼容发行版上的新软件包；它为管理员提供非常有用的数据，支持多个已安装的版本和体系结构，而只需要完成最少的特殊工作。第二种方法可由任何软件包使用，并且利用 request 脚本所固有的对于生成参数的控制来确保安装成功。
checkinstall 脚本可以在安装时选择适当的基目录，这意味着可以将基目录放置在目录树中非常低的位置。此示例按顺序递增基目录，从而得到如下形式的目录：/opt/SUNWstuf、/opt/SUNWstuf.1 和 /opt/SUNWstuf.2。管理员可以使用 pkginfo 命令确定在每个基目录中所安装的体系结构和版本。
如果 SUNWstuf 软件包（包含一组执行具体工作的实用程序）使用此方法，则它的 pkginfo 和 pkgmap 文件将如下所示。
# pkginfo file PKG=SUNWstuf NAME=software stuff ARCH=sparc VERSION=1.0.0,REV=1.0.5 CATEGORY=application DESC=a set of utilities that do stuff BASEDIR=/opt/SUNWstuf VENDOR=Sun Microsystems, Inc. HOTLINE=Please contact your local service provider EMAIL= MAXINST=1000 CLASSES=none daemon PSTAMP=hubert990707141632
: 1 1758 1 d none EZstuf 0775 root bin 1 f none EZstuf/dirdel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none EZstuf/usrdel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none EZstuf/filedel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 d none HRDstuf 0775 root bin 1 f none HRDstuf/mksmart 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none HRDstuf/mktall 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none HRDstuf/mkcute 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none HRDstuf/mkeasy 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 d none /etc ? ? ? 1 d none /etc/rc2.d ? ? ? 1 f daemon /etc/rc2.d/S70dostuf 0744 root sys 450 223443 1 i pkginfo 348 28411 760740163 1 i postinstall 323 26475 751309908 1 i postremove 402 33179 751309945 1 i preinstall 321 26254 751310019 1 i preremove 320 26114 751309865 1 i i.daemon 509 39560 752978103 1 i r.daemon 320 24573 742152591
假定 SUNWstuf 的 x86 版本已经安装在服务器上的 /opt/SUNWstuf 中。当管理员使用 pkgadd 命令安装 SPARC 版本时，request 脚本需要检测是否存在 x86 版本并且与管理员就安装问题进行交互。
注 - 可在 checkinstall 脚本中遍历基目录而无需管理员交互，但是，如果此类任意操作的发生过于频繁，管理员会在此过程中失去信心。
软件包的用于处理此情形的 request 脚本和 checkinstall 脚本可能如下所示。
# request script
for SUNWstuf to walk the BASEDIR parameter.
PATH=/usr/sadm/bin:${PATH} # use admin utilities
GENMSG="The base directory $LOCAL_BASE already contains a \
different architecture or version of $PKG."
OLDMSG="If the option \"-a none\" was used, press the \
key and enter an unused base directory when it is requested."
OLDPROMPT="Do you want to overwrite this version? "
OLDHELP="\"y\" will replace the installed package, \"n\" will \
stop the installation."
SUSPEND="Suspending installation at user request using error \
code 1."
MSG="This package could be installed at the unused base directory $WRKNG_BASE."
PROMPT="Do you want to use to the proposed base directory? "
HELP="A response of \"y\" will install to the proposed directory and continue,
\"n\" will request a different directory. If the option \"-a none\" was used,
press the key and enter an unused base directory when it is requested."
DIRPROMPT="Select a preferred base directory ($WRKNG_BASE) "
DIRHELP="The package $PKG will be installed at the location entered."
NUBD_MSG="The base directory has changed. Be sure to update \
any applicable search paths with the actual location of the \
binaries which are at $WRKNG_BASE/EZstuf and $WRKNG_BASE/HRDstuf."
OldSolaris=""
Changed=""
Suffix="0"
#
# Determine if this product is actually installed in the working
# base directory.
#
Product_is_present () {
if [ -d $WRKNG_BASE/EZstuf -o -d $WRKNG_BASE/HRDstuf ]; then
return 1
else
return 0
fi
}
if [ ${BASEDIR} ]; then
# This may be an old version of Solaris. In the latest Solaris
# CLIENT_BASEDIR won't be defined yet. In older version it is.
if [ ${CLIENT_BASEDIR} ]; then
LOCAL_BASE=$BASEDIR
OldSolaris="true"
else # The base directory hasn't been processed yet
LOCAL_BASE=${PKG_INSTALL_ROOT}$BASEDIR
fi
WRKNG_BASE=$LOCAL_BASE
# See if the base directory is already in place and walk it if
# possible
while [ -d ${WRKNG_BASE} -a Product_is_present ]; do
# There is a conflict
# Is this an update of the same arch & version?
if [ ${UPDATE} ]; then
exit 0 # It's out of our hands.
else
# So this is a different architecture or
# version than what is already there.
# Walk the base directory
Suffix=`expr $Suffix + 1`
WRKNG_BASE=$LOCAL_BASE.$Suffix
Changed="true"
fi
done
# So now we can propose a base directory that isn't claimed by
# any of our other versions.
if [ $Changed ]; then
puttext "$GENMSG"
if [ $OldSolaris ]; then
puttext "$OLDMSG"
result=`ckyorn -Q -d "a" -h "$OLDHELP" -p "$OLDPROMPT"`
if [ $result="n" ]; then
puttext "$SUSPEND"
exit 1 # suspend installation
else
exit 0
fi
else # The latest functionality is available
puttext "$MSG"
result=`ckyorn -Q -d "a" -h "$HELP" -p "$PROMPT"`
if [ $? -eq 3]; then
echo quitinstall >> $1
exit 0
fi
if [ $result="n" ]; then
WRKNG_BASE=`ckpath -ayw -d "$WRKNG_BASE" \
-h "$DIRHELP" -p "$DIRPROMPT"`
else if [ $result="a" ]
exit 0
fi
fi
echo "BASEDIR=$WRKNG_BASE" >> $1
puttext "$NUBD_MSG"
fi
fi
exit 0
# checkinstall
script for SUNWstuf to politely suspend
grep quitinstall $1
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
exit 3 # politely suspend installation
fi
exit 0
如果基目录仅仅是 /opt，则此方法不会非常有效。因为 /opt 难以遍历，所以此软件包必须更加准确地调用 BASEDIR。实际上，根据挂载方案的不同，可能无法实现这一点。此示例通过在 /opt 下创建一个新目录来遍历基目录，这种方法不会导致任何问题。
此示例使用了 request 脚本和 checkinstall 脚本，虽然 2.5 发行版以前的 Oracle Solaris 版本无法运行 checkinstall 脚本。此示例中的 checkinstall 脚本用于正常停止安装，以响应一个采用 quitinstall 字符串形式的专用消息。如果此脚本在 Solaris 2.3 发行版中执行，checkinstall 脚本将被忽略，而 request 脚本将停止安装并显示错误消息。
请记住，在 Solaris 2.5 和兼容发行版之前，BASEDIR 参数是一个只读参数，不能通过 request 脚本更改。因此，如果检测到 SunOS 操作系统的早期版本（通过测试 CLIENT_BASEDIR 条件环境变量），request 脚本只有两种选择－继续或退出。
如果您的软件产品可能安装在 SunOS 操作系统的早期版本上，则 request 脚本需要完成所有必要的工作。还可以使用此方法处理多个目录。如果需要使用额外的目录，仍然需要将这些包括在单个基目录下，以便提供易于管理的产品。尽管 BASEDIR 参数没有提供最新 Oracle Solaris 发行版中的粒度级别，您的软件包仍然可以使用 request 脚本来处理参数化路径，从而遍历基目录。pkginfo 和 pkgmap 文件可能如下所示。
# pkginfo file PKG=SUNWstuf NAME=software stuff ARCH=sparc VERSION=1.0.0,REV=1.0.5 CATEGORY=application DESC=a set of utilities that do stuff BASEDIR=/opt SUBBASE=SUNWstuf VENDOR=Sun Microsystems, Inc. HOTLINE=Please contact your local service provider EMAIL= MAXINST=1000 CLASSES=none daemon PSTAMP=hubert990707141632
: 1 1758 1 d none $SUBBASE/EZstuf 0775 root bin 1 f none $SUBBASE/EZstuf/dirdel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none $SUBBASE/EZstuf/usrdel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none $SUBBASE/EZstuf/filedel 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 d none $SUBBASE/HRDstuf 0775 root bin 1 f none $SUBBASE/HRDstuf/mksmart 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none $SUBBASE/HRDstuf/mktall 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none $SUBBASE/HRDstuf/mkcute 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 f none $SUBBASE/HRDstuf/mkeasy 0555 bin bin 40 773 751310229 1 d none /etc ? ? ? 1 d none /etc/rc2.d ? ? ? 1 f daemon /etc/rc2.d/S70dostuf 0744 root sys 450 223443 1 i pkginfo 348 28411 760740163 1 i postinstall 323 26475 751309908 1 i postremove 402 33179 751309945 1 i preinstall 321 26254 751310019 1 i preremove 320 26114 751309865 1 i i.daemon 509 39560 752978103 1 i r.daemon 320 24573 742152591
此示例并不完善。pkginfo -r 命令为安装基本位置返回 /opt，其含义相当模糊。许多软件包位于 /opt 中，但起码它是一个有意义的目录。就像上一个示例一样，接下来的这个示例完全支持多个体系结构和版本。request 脚本可根据特定软件包的需要进行调整，并可解析任何适用的相关性。
# request script
for SUNWstuf to walk a parametric path
PATH=/usr/sadm/bin:${PATH} # use admin utilities
MSG="The target directory $LOCAL_BASE already contains \
different architecture or version of $PKG. This package \
could be installed at the unused target directory $WRKNG_BASE."
PROMPT="Do you want to use to the proposed directory? "
HELP="A response of \"y\" will install to the proposed directory \
and continue, \"n\" will request a different directory. If \
the option \"-a none\" was used, press the <RETURN> key and \
enter an unused base directory when it is requested."
DIRPROMPT="Select a relative target directory under $BASEDIR/"
DIRHELP="The package $PKG will be installed at the location entered."
SUSPEND="Suspending installation at user request using error \
code 1."
NUBD_MSG="The location of this package is not the default. Be \
sure to update any applicable search paths with the actual \
location of the binaries which are at $WRKNG_BASE/EZstuf \
and $WRKNG_BASE/HRDstuf."
Changed=""
Suffix="0"
#
# Determine if this product is actually installed in the working
# base directory.
#
Product_is_present () {
if [ -d $WRKNG_BASE/EZstuf -o -d $WRKNG_BASE/HRDstuf ]; then
return 1
else
return 0
fi
}
if [ ${BASEDIR} ]; then
# This may be an old version of Solaris. In the latest Solaris
# CLIENT_BASEDIR won't be defined yet. In older versions it is.
if [ ${CLIENT_BASEDIR} ]; then
LOCAL_BASE=$BASEDIR/$SUBBASE
else # The base directory hasn't been processed yet
LOCAL_BASE=${PKG_INSTALL_ROOT}$BASEDIR/$SUBBASE
fi
WRKNG_BASE=$LOCAL_BASE
# See if the base directory is already in place and walk it if
# possible
while [ -d ${WRKNG_BASE} -a Product_is_present ]; do
# There is a conflict
# Is this an update of the same arch & version?
if [ ${UPDATE} ]; then
exit 0 # It's out of our hands.
else
# So this is a different architecture or
# version than what is already there.
# Walk the base directory
Suffix=`expr $Suffix + 1`
WRKNG_BASE=$LOCAL_BASE.$Suffix
Changed="true"
fi
done
# So now we can propose a base directory that isn't claimed by
# any of our other versions.
if [ $Changed ]; then
puttext "$MSG"
result=`ckyorn -Q -d "a" -h "$HELP" -p "$PROMPT"`
if [ $? -eq 3 ]; then
puttext "$SUSPEND"
exit 1
fi
if [ $result="n" ]; then
WRKNG_BASE=`ckpath -lyw -d "$WRKNG_BASE" -h "$DIRHELP" \
-p "$DIRPROMPT"`
elif [ $result="a" ]; then
exit 0
else
exit 1
fi
echo SUBBASE=$SUBBASE.$Suffix >> $1
puttext "$NUBD_MSG"
fi
fi
exit 0
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