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Oracle's StorageTek T10000 tape drive family provides a range of small, modular, high-performance units designed for high-capacity data storage. The tape drive is either rack mounted or used in various StorageTek libraries (see Figure 1-1). There are four models in the T10000 drive family: T10000A, T10000B, T10000C, and T10000D.
Note: The tape drives are also called T10000, tape drive, or just drive throughout this guide. |
Illustration Legend:
The tape drive is 8.89 centimeters (3.5 inches) high, 14.6 centimeters (5.75 inches) wide, and 42.55 centimeters (16.75 inches) deep. The drive uses a single-reel tape cartridge and a technology called partial response, maximum likelihood (PRML) to provide the high-density data format that allows the:
T10000A to record and store up to 500 gigabytes (GB) of uncompressed data
T10000B to record and store up to 1 terabyte (TB) of uncompressed data
T10000C to record and store up to 5.5 terabytes (TB) of uncompressed data
T10000D to record and store up to 8.5 terabytes (TB) of uncompressed data
The host connections to the tape drive are fiber-optic, and provide a high rate of data transfer.
The tape drive contains the following electrical and mechanical components:
Control processor: Controls all drive functions and contains the embedded firmware.
ADC technology: Performs data compression and decompression. ADC is an adaptive lossless data compression technique.
Specialized buffers: Hold the data in a form written on tape and read back to the host.
Read and Write circuitry (Read/Write heads): Uses PRML complemented by head technologies that write data to the tape and read it back. Dual head and 32-channel technology increases data integrity, promotes longer media life, and achieves high transfer rates.
Encryption circuitry: When enabled, encrypts and decrypts data.
Head cleaner: Removes loose debris from the head during a cartridge unload.
Data buffer: The T10000A or B drives have a 256 megabyte data buffer. The T10000C or D drive has a 2 gigabyte data buffer.
Variable speed servo system: A variable speed servo system allows the tape drive to run at discrete speeds and tension.
Loader: Loads the cartridge and engages it with the cartridge motor.
Threader: Threads tape through the tape path to the take up reel during a load and returns the tape to the cartridge during an unload.
Tape path: Guides the tape past the heads.
Ethernet port: Provides a connection that supports items such as encryption keys, the virtual operator panel, or the Service Delivery Platform (SDP). The drives support IPv4 and IPv6 addresses (see "Network Selections").
Tape Transport Interface (TTI): Transfers commands and status between the drive and the library.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system: Provides an interface to a memory chip in the tape cartridge.
Figure 1-2 shows elements of the tape path in the T10000A or B tape drive. The tape path of the T10000C or D is similar.
Illustration Legend:
There are different types of small form-factor pluggable (SFP) modules depending on the wavelength (mode) and type of cable:
Short wavelength SFP module is used with 50-micron multimode cables.
Long wavelength SFP module is used with 9-micron single mode cables.
The tape drive is shipped with an SFP module in each of its two ports.
Tip: When planning the network, make sure the SFP module supports the specific network type and configuration including HBAs, switches, wavelength, and cable types. |
Figure 1-3 shows ways to provide power to the T10000 tape drives depending on the configuration:
In an SL3000 or SL8500 configuration: a T10000 tape drive receives operating voltages from a DC power module located inside the drive tray.
In a rack mount configuration: the drive receives operating voltages from an AC power supply module mounted inside the rack tray (chassis).
In an L-Series library configuration: the T10000A or B drive receives operating voltages from an external AC power supply module installed on the library tray.
In a 9741E cabinet configuration: the T10000A drive receives operating voltages from an external AC power supply module mounted inside the cabinet.
All versions of the power supply are field replaceable units (FRUs) with no other servicing requirements. If the power module fails, replace it with another module.
Note: Even though the power supplies look similar and have the same dimensions as other T-Series tape drive power supplies, the T10000 power supplies are unique to the particular T10000 tape drive model. |
Illustration Legend:
1 - AC power supply for the 9741E drive cabinet (T10000A only)
2 - AC power supply for the rack chassis (all T10000 models) and L-Series libraries (T10000A or B only)
3 - DC power supply (SL8500 and SL3000 libraries)
All Oracle service calls to tape drives under warranty or maintenance contract require physical access and connection to the drive maintenance (Ethernet) port. If a customer has an Ethernet cable physically connected to the drive requiring service, the service representative must disconnect this cable to perform the required service action.
T10000 non-encryption drives supported by the Service Delivery Platform (SDP) require 100% dedication of the drive's Ethernet port to the SDP site unit.
T10000 encryption-enabled drives require 100% dedication of the drive's Ethernet port to the Encryption Service Network except during service activities by Oracle or Oracle-certified service partners.
Where Encryption and SDP coexist, the Ethernet port must be concurrently shared by using the Service Network.
Note: Oracle neither supports nor assumes any responsibility for drive functional failures that occur during the unauthorized use of the drive's maintenance port. |
Unauthorized use applies to any use of the drive's Ethernet port for other than the following items:
Encryption 1.x (not supported by the T10000C or T10000D drive)
Encryption 2.x environments
Virtual Operator Panel (VOP)
Remote support platform (such as the Service Delivery Platform [SDP])
Services Tape Health Check Tool
StorageTek Diagnostic System (STDS)
The tape drive has built-in encryption and works with the Oracle Key Manager (OKM) or Crypto Key Management System (KMS) to encrypt and decrypt data written by the T10000 tape drive. FIPS compliance:
The T10000A drive with code level 1.40.108, 1.41.110, or 1.41.111 and KMS 2.1, or later, complies with FIPS 140-2 Level 1 security to data on magnetic tape.
The T10000B drive with code level 1.40.208, 1.41.210, or 1.41.211 and KMS 2.1, or later, complies with FIPS 140-2 Level 2 security to data on magnetic tape.
The T10000C drive with code level 1.51.318 or 1.57.308 and the OKM provides FIPS 140-2 Level 1 security to data on magnetic tape.
The T10000D drive with code level 4.07.107 and the Oracle Key Manager provides FIPS 140-2 Level 1 security to data on magnetic tape.
Things to note about the tape drive are:
The same drive either encrypts data or does not encrypt data, not both.
The Ethernet port on the tape drive obtains encryption keys.
Encryption cannot be turned off if it is activated in FIPS mode.
The data path key management (DPKM) subsystem is the third installment of encryption on StorageTek tape drives. DPKM uses the SCSI 4 commands Security Protocol In
and Security Protocol Out
to implement host-based key management on StorageTek encrypting tape drives. Encryption keys are delivered to the tape drive over the Fibre Channel interface (non-FIPS compliant). DPKM provides the ability to toggle the encryption state on or off on a per cartridge basis which allows the user to have a mix of encrypted and non-encrypted files on each tape cartridge. You use VOP to enable or disable the DPKM capability of the tape drive.
The following features are available for the T10000C and T10000D tape drives. Some of the feature descriptions refer to white papers which are located at:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/sun-tape-storage/documentation/index.html
StorageTek Data Integrity Validation (DIV) ensures that a checksum, provided by an application or file system, is validated by the StorageTek T10000 for each record sent to the drive. The user-generated checksum is stored with each record on tape and can be checked on any future read or verify operation (without the added overhead of sending data to the host). Information about how to use this feature is available in:
StorageTek T10000 Tape Drive Fibre Channel Reference Manual
Redefining Tape Usage with StorageTek Tape Tiering Accelerator and StorageTek In-Drive Reclaim Accelerator (white paper)
The DIV feature is available for the FC tape drive and requires application support.
Note: This feature is supported with the T10000D tape drive only. |
Oracle's StorageTek Direct Copy feature enables migration of data in parallel with production processes. Copy data from any Fibre Channel tape device directly to StorageTek T10000D without burdening the host application or disk cache with CPU-intensive data migration activity. This feature is supported using Oracle Hierarchical Storage Manager 6.1. For more detailed information about this feature, contact your local sales representative to obtain a copy of the StorageTek Direct Copy User Specification.
Note: This feature is supported with the T10000D tape drive only. |
Oracle's StorageTek File Access Accelerator feature enables applications to recall files from StorageTek T10000D using an optimized retrieval order that minimizes the time required for the tape drive to seek to each file. The tape drive receives a list of files from the application, optimizes the order of the list to minimize seek distances between files, and returns the re-ordered list to the application. And then the application sends read requests to the tape drive in the optimized file order using standard commands. For more detailed information about this feature, contact your local sales representative to obtain a copy of the StorageTek T10000 Tape Drive Fibre Channel Interface Reference Manual.
Maximum Capacity allows the use of tape capacity that is normally reserved to ensure tape-to-tape copy operations succeed. The StorageTek T10000 Tape Drive Fibre Channel Interface Reference Manual describes how to use this feature. This feature can increase the capacity of the T10000C to as much as 5.5 TB or the T10000D to as much as 8.5 TB.
Maximum capacity is off by default (enabled through VOP), available on FC drives and VSM, and no application support is needed.
The StorageTek File Sync Accelerator (FSA) allows applications to reduce or eliminate back hitches that are normally caused by writing a tape mark or other sync operations.
The FSA feature is on by default (disabled through VOP), available on FC and FICON drives, and no application support is needed. Refer to the white paper Maximizing Tape Performance with the StorageTek T10000 Tape Drives.
The StorageTek Tape Application Accelerator (TAA) increases write throughput to tape despite an application inserting sync commands into the data stream. When TAA is enabled, the drive converts tape marks to buffered tape marks and syncs to NO-OPs. Data writes to tape faster because buffered tape marks and NO-OPs do not cause the tape drive to empty the contents of its buffer to tape and back hitch.
The TAA feature is off by default (enabled through VOP), available on FC and FICON drives, and no application support is needed.
Before enabling the TAA configuration, the user must determine how their particular application uses write tape marks and syncs. The terms File Sync and Write Tape Mark are defined differently in FICON and Fibre Channel environments.
When TAA is enabled in a FICON drive, File Syncs are always converted to NO-OPs and tape marks are always treated as buffered tape marks.
Note: This feature must only be used in environments that handle deferred errors. When this feature is enabled, sending a tape mark does not ensure the data has successfully been written to the tape. A deferred error may be reported when buffered data is written to tape after command completion. In a FICON only environment, duplex write operations should use this feature. |
TAA operation in a Fibre Channel environment depends on whether the user's storage application automatically restarts a job following a power failure or reset condition.
For applications designed to restart a job following a failure event, Oracle highly recommends configuring TAA to convert File Syncs to NO-OPs but without treating tape marks as buffered tape marks.
For applications that are not designed to restart a job following a failure event, Oracle highly recommends duplexing output-type jobs to two tape drives.
Refer to the white paper Maximizing Tape Performance with the StorageTek T10000 Tape Drives.
The StorageTek Search Accelerator (SSA) allows FICON applications to search for a string up to 1024 bytes in length. This feature can enhance Mainframe HSM Audit performance in FICON environments.
The SSA feature is available on FC and FICON drives, and application support is required (an API is available). Refer to the white paper Using Oracle's StorageTek Search Accelerator.
The StorageTek T10000C and T10000D tape drives support access to the Media Information Region (MIR) of the cartridge. This command is implemented using a SCSI Read Buffer
command similar to the StorageTek T10000B tape drive. MIR data provides location information for tape records and can be used by an application to order which records are read first from tape. The T10000 MAS N677 engineering document describes this feature.
The MAS feature is available for the FC tape drive, and application support is required.
Note: This feature is supported with standard cartridges only. |
The StorageTek In-Drive Reclaim Accelerator (IDR) allows applications to reclaim space on the tape without rewriting the entire tape. The application must save and manage a partition map to get the full benefit of this feature. The StorageTek Virtual Storage Manager (VSM) supports this feature with the StorageTek T10000B, T10000C, and T10000D drives. For more detailed information about this feature, contact your local sales representative to obtain a copy of the ALP User's Guide.
The IDR feature is available on FC and FICON drives, and application support is required (an API is available).
Note: This feature is supported with standard cartridges only. |
The StorageTek T10000C and T10000D drives have the ability to partition tape. These partitions can be organized by an application to control where file sets are located on tape. Data sets located near the beginning of tape will have faster access characteristics than data written near the end-of-tape (EOT).
Applications now have the ability to manage the location of data on the tape.
StorageTek Tape Tiering Accelerator (TTA) allows partitions to be read only.
TTA allows up to:
480 logical volumes on a cartridge written by a T10000C drive
600 logical volumes on a cartridge written by a T10000D drive
The TTA feature is available on FC and FICON drives, and application support is required (an API is available).
For more detailed information about this feature, contact your local sales representative to obtain a copy of the ALP User's Guide.
This section lists the performance, physical, and environmental specifications for the T10000 tape drive.
Capacity and Performance:
Capacity, native
T10000A: 500 gigabytes (5 x 1011 bytes)
T10000B: 1 terabyte (1 x 1012 bytes)
T10000C: 5 terabytes (5 x 1012 bytes)
T10000D: 8 terabytes (8 x 1012 bytes)
Note: When Max Capacity is enabled the capacity can be increased up to 5.5 terabytes for the T10000C or 8.5 terabytes for the T10000D. |
Capacity (Sport Cartridge)
T10000A: 120 gigabytes
T10000B: 240 gigabytes
T10000C: 1 terabyte (1 x 1012 bytes)
T10000D: 1.6 terabyte (1.6 x 1012 bytes)
Data buffer size:
T10000A or B: 256 megabytes
T10000C or D: 2 gigabytes
Tape speeds:
Read and Write
T10000A: 2.0 and 4.95 meters/second
T10000B:
T10000B-formatted cartridges: 2.0 and 3.74 meters per second
T10000A-formatted cartridges: 2.0 and 4.95 meters per second (read only)
T10000C: 5.62 meters per second
T10000D: 4.75 meters per second (additional speeds of 4.25, 3.75, 3.25, and 2.75 meters/second)
File search and locates:
T10000A or B: 8 to 12 meters per second (varying speeds)
T10000C or D: 10 to 13 meters per second (varying speeds)
High speed rewind:
T10000A or B: 8 to 12 meters per second (varying speeds)
T10000C or D: 10 to 13 meters per second (varying speeds)
Interfaces:
Types:
T10000A: 2 gigabit or 4 gigabit Fibre Channel (FC) and FICON
T10000B/C: 4 gigabit FC and FICON
T10000D: 16 gigabit FC and 16 gigabit FICON
Note: The 16 gigabit tape drive interfaces are compatible with 8 gigabit and 4 gigabit environments. |
Data rate:
T10000A or B: 120 megabytes per second
T10000C: 252 megabytes per second (native sustained) and 240 megabytes/second (full file host)
T10000D: 252 megabytes per second (native sustained)
Note: The actual data rate achieved is a function of the complete system, including the processor, disk data rate, data block size, data compressibility, interface, I/O attachments, storage area network (SAN), and software used. Although the drives are capable of a 252 megabytes/second (T10000C or D) or 120 megabytes/second (T10000A or B) native data rate, other components may limit the actual effective date rate. |
Access times:
Tape load and thread to ready
T10000A or B: 16.5 seconds
T10000C: 13.1 seconds
T10000D: 13 seconds
File access, average (includes loading)
T10000A or B: 62.5 seconds (30.5 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
T10000C: 70.1 seconds (30.6 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
T10000D: 62.5 seconds (28 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
Rewind (maximum):
T10000A or B: 91 seconds (23 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
T10000C: 115 seconds (32.5 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
T10000D: 97 seconds (26 seconds for Sport Cartridge)
Unload time: 23 seconds
Reliability:
Head life: 5 years
Uncorrected bit error rate: 1 x 10-19
Width:
146 millimeters (5.77 inches) drive [includes cartridge bezel]
483 millimeters (19 inches) rackmount tray
Depth:
Drive:
433 millimeters (17 inches) T10000A or B [includes cartridge bezel and D connector]
427 millimeters (16.8 inches) T10000C [includes cartridge bezel and SFP modules]
Rackmount tray: 640 millimeters (25 inches)
Height: 81 millimeters (3.2 inches)
Weight:
Rackmount tray: 18.6 kilograms (41 pounds) single drive or 25 kilograms (55 pounds) dual drive
SL8500 tray: 9.4 kilograms (20.75 pounds)
SL3000 tray: 10.1 kilograms (22.25 pounds)
L-series (T10000A or B only): 8.3 kilograms (18.3 pounds)
9310 (T10000A only): 6.9 kilograms (15.25 pounds)
SL3000 library tray:
Height: 340 millimeters (13.4 inches)
Width: 310 millimeters (12.2 inches)
Length: 660 millimeters (26 inches)
Weight: 10.5 kilograms (23.1 pounds)
SL8500 library tray:
Height: 310 millimeters (12 inches)
Width: 330 millimeters (13 inches)
Length: 1.02 meter (40 inches)
Weight: 18 kilograms (26 pounds)
Note: Although the T10000 tape drive will function over the full list of ranges as specified below, you will achieve optimal reliability by maintaining the environment within the recommended ranges. |
Temperature:
Optimal: 22°C (72°F)
Recommended: 20° – 25°C (68° – 77°F)
Ranges: 15.6° to 32.2°C (60° to 90°F) - dry bulb
Shipping:
Optimal: 22°C (72°F)
Recommended: 20° – 25°C (68° – 77°F)
Ranges: -40° to 60°C (-40° to 140°F)
Storing:
Optimal: 22°C (72°F)
Recommended: 20° – 25°C (68° – 77°F)
Ranges: 10° to 40°C (50° to 104°F) - dry bulb
Operating:
Optimal: 45%
Recommended: 40% – 50%
Ranges: 20% to 80%
Shipping:
Optimal: 45%
Recommended: 40% – 50%
Ranges: 10% to 95%
Storing:
Optimal: 45%
Recommended: 40% – 50%
Ranges: 10% to 95%
Wet bulb (non-condensing):
Operating: 29°C (84°F)
Shipping: 35°C (95°F)
Storing: 35°C (95°F)
Tip: Industry best practices recommend computer rooms maintain a relative humidity of 40% to 50% for best performance. |
Tape drives and media are subject to damage from airborne particulates. The operating environment must adhere to the requirements listed in Appendix B, "Controlling Contaminants".
The T10000 tape drives are available in configurations for StorageTek libraries or for rack mounting.
A drive tray for a library configuration contains a single tape drive (see Figure 1-1). The drive tray is designed specifically for the library model. Conversion kits are available to adapt from one library model to a different library model (see "Library Tray Kits").
SL3000: Holds from 200 to 6,000 cartridges with up to 56 T10000 tape drives.
SL8500: A single SL8500 holds up to 10,000 cartridges with up to 64 T10000 tape drives. A 10 module library complex can hold up to 100,000 cartridges and up to 640 tape drives.
L-series:
Note: The T10000C and T10000D tape drive are not supported in the L-series libraries. |
L180: Holds from 84 to 174 cartridges with up to six T10000A or T10000B tape drives.
L700: Holds from 216 to 678 cartridges with up to 12 T10000A or T10000B tape drives.
L700e: Holds from 300 to 1,344 cartridges with up to 24 T10000A or T10000B tape drives when two libraries are connected with a pass-thru port (PTP).
L1400M: Holds from 300 to 1,344 cartridges with up to 24 T10000A or T10000B tape drives.
9310:
Note: The T10000B, T10000C, and T10000D tape drives are not supported in the 9310 library. |
A single 9310 holds up to 6,000 cartridges with up to 80 T10000A tape drives on four drive walls with the 9741E drive cabinet.
See "Library Installation Requirements" for more information.
A drive tray for a rack contains either one or two tape drives (see Figure 1-1).
A rack can hold either six manual-mount drives with one drive per tray (chassis), 12 manual-mount drives with two drives per tray, or a combination of both single-drive and dual-drive trays.
See "Rack Mount Configurations" for more information.
The virtual operator panel allows operators and service representatives to monitor and perform tasks on a single tape drive. You can install the VOP software on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Solaris, and Linux.
The VOP uses a standard RJ-45 Ethernet connection to the tape drive.
You can use VOP to perform drive operations, retrieve error information, and configure the tape drive.
Figure 1-4 shows an example of the virtual operator panel (VOP) graphical user interface (GUI) for the T10000 tape drive with the Drive Operations menu expanded.
The T10000 supports the following types of cartridges:
StorageTek T10000 cartridge (T10000A or B drive):
Data: 500 gigabytes T10000A or 1 terabyte T10000B
Data, sport: 120 gigabytes T10000A or 240 gigabytes T10000B
VolSafe, capacity: 500 gigabytes T10000A or 1 terabyte T10000B
VolSafe, sport: 120 gigabytes T10000A or 240 gigabytes T10000B
Cleaning cartridge: 50 uses (CT or CL cartridge)
StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridge (T10000C and T10000D tape drives):
Data, standard: 5 terabytes (T10000C) or 8 terabytes (T10000D)
Data, sport: 1 terabyte (T10000C) or 1.6 terabytes (T10000D)
VolSafe, sport: 1 terabyte (T10000C) or 1.6 terabytes (T10000D)
VolSafe, capacity: up to 5.5 terabytes (T10000C) or 8.5 terabytes (T10000D)
Cleaning cartridge: 50 uses (CL cartridge)
Included inside the cartridge is a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) memory chip that stores information about the cartridge and its performance over time. A module in the drive retrieves information from the chip.
All cartridges include a cartridge label area, a cartridge door, and a write-protect switch. Figure 1-5 shows an example of the T10000 tape cartridge.
See Appendix A, "Tape Cartridges" for more information about the tape cartridges, examples of labels, and specifications.
Illustration Legend:
The T10000 tape drive supports fiber-optic based host interfaces:
Fibre Channel for open systems platforms
FICON (IBM's Fibre Connection) for enterprise mainframes
The interfaces conform to standards:
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS)
Specific types of cables and connectors are used with the T10000 tape drive.
Single mode:
Transmission: Laser
Core and cladding: 9/125
Color: Yellow
Interface speed: 1, 2, 4, or 16 gigabits per second
Distance:
T10000A, B, or C: 2 m to 10 kilometers
T10000D: up to 20 kilometers with the T10000D long wavelength SFP
Multimode:
Transmission: LED
Core and cladding: 50/125
Important: Multimode cables with a measurement of 62.5/125 are not recommended. If you encounter them at existing installations, replace them with multimode 50/125 interface cables.
OM2 cable:
Color: Orange
Interface speed and distance:
1 gigabit per second, up to 500 meters
2 gigabits per second, up to 300 meters
4 gigabits per second, up to 150 meters
8 gigabits per second, up to 50 meters
16 gigabits per second, up to 35 meters
Note: Exceeding these lengths could introduce problems, exceed error thresholds, and inhibit performance. |
OM4 cable
Color: Aqua
Interface speed and distance:
4 gigabits per second, up to 400 meters
8 gigabits per second, up to 200 meters
16 gigabits per second, up to 130 meters
The T10000 tape drive supports connection of both ports in accordance with ANSI Fibre Channel specifications.
Refer to the InterNational Committee on Information Technology Standards (INCITS) documents:
Note: The drive can support two hosts if they honor theReserve/Release or the Persistent Reserve/Release specifications. |
A T10000 tape drive should not be connected to the same host port with another tape drive or disk subsystem. The stress on the HBA, due to the bandwidth needs, creates unacceptable error recovery issues between both solutions.
The Interop Tool is a web-based tool designed with connectivity information on all supported products (StorageTek branded or third-party branded). The configurations listed on this website reflect the most current information reported from various sources, including internal testing labs and our technology partners.
The Interop Tool can be accessed by Oracle employees.
Planning is foremost when building a storage area network (SAN). Here is a list of items to consider when designing and connecting to a network:
Create a logical plan for connections.
Use dual Fabrics and dual HBAs to attach servers.
Separate vendor's and device types into zones.
Use WWN zoning for flexibility and use Port zoning for security.
Keep zone configurations the same on every switch in a single Fabric.
Use unique names for aliases in a zone.
Standardize vendors for switches and HBAs when possible.
Use the same firmware and driver levels on similar devices.
Use at least two links between switches for redundancy.
Leave room for growth.
Document and label everything; provide drawings when possible.
Keep in mind that while large Fabrics are possible; it is best to limit the size and use multiple smaller Fabrics to reduce errors and confusion.
Some operating systems do not guarantee that devices will always have the same target ID or path after a restart. This can cause problems for applications that expect tape drives to have the same ID as before the restart.
Binding is a method that matches the World Wide Name (WWN) of a component (such as a tape drive, port, switch, or fabric) to a specific target ID in a Fibre Channel network. This capability is useful in environments that share devices.
Types of binding:
Persistent binding secures an individual drive to an HBA.
Port binding secures individual ports on a switch to a node.
Switch binding secures individual switches in a fabric.
Fabric binding secures the entire fabric in a network.
Zoning is a method of grouping different ports and devices that connect to a switch or director. Zones:
Enable or disable communications between devices and systems.
Limit the access to confidential data on specific systems (security).
Control the number of data paths between systems and devices.
Separate different operating system types (such as Windows and UNIX).
Restrict traffic from being re-directed.
Note: Zoning is highly recommended in mixed environments with different devices connected to the same switch or director. |
Some comparisons between the T10000 tape drives and other drive-types, including StorageTek T-series and Linear Tape-Open are as follows:
T10000 drives:
T10000A: 500 gigabytes standard cartridge and 120 gigabytes sport cartridge
T10000B: 1 terabytes standard cartridge and 240 gigabytes sport cartridge
T10000C: 5 terabytes standard cartridge and 1 terabyte sport cartridge
T10000D: 8 terabytes standard cartridge and 1.6 terabyte sport cartridge
Note: When Max Capacity is enabled the capacity can be increased up to 5.5 terabytes for the T10000C or 8.5 terabytes for the T10000D. |
T9940B: 200 gigabytes
LTO6: 2.5 terabytes
T10000 drives:
Note: The actual data rate achieved is a function of the complete system, including the processor, disk data rate, data block size, data compressibility, interface, I/O attachments, storage area network (SAN), and software used. Although the drives are capable of a 252 megabytes/second (T10000C or D) or 120 megabytes/second (T10000A or B) native data rate, other components may limit the actual effective date rate. |
T10000A or T10000B: 125 megabytes per second
T10000C: native sustained of 252 megabytes per second and full file host of 240 megabytes per second
T10000D: native sustained of 252 megabytes per second
T9940B: 30 megabytes per second
LTO6: 160 megabytes per second
T10000 drives:
T10000A or B: 62.5 seconds standard cartridge and 30.5 seconds sport cartridge
T10000C: 70.1 seconds standard cartridge and 30.6 seconds sport cartridge
T10000D: 62.5 seconds standard cartridge and 28 seconds sport cartridge
T9940B: 59 seconds
LTO6: 50 seconds
T10000 drives:
T10000A 2.0 or 4.95 meters per second
T10000B: 2.0 or 3.74 meters per second
T10000C: 5.62 meters per second
T10000D: 4.75 meters per second (additional speeds of 4.25, 3.75, 3.23, and 2.75 meters per second)
T9940B: 3.4 meters per second
LTO6: 7.4 meters per second
T10000 drives:
T10000A or B: 91 seconds (23 seconds for the Sport Cartridge)
T10000C: 115 seconds (32.5 seconds for the Sport Cartridge)
T10000D: 97 seconds (26 seconds for the Sport Cartridge)
T9940B: 90 seconds
LTO6: 98 seconds
StorageTek T10000 tape cartridge: 855 meters (2805 feet)
StorageTek T10000 T2 tape cartridge: 1107 meters (3632 feet)
T9940 tape cartridge: 650 meters (2133 feet)
LTO6 Ultrium data cartridge: 846 meters (2776 feet)
T10000 drives:
T10000A: 768
T10000B: 1152
T10000C: 3584
T10000D: 4608
T9940B: 576
LTO6: 2176
This document provides information to assist with the systems assurance of Oracle's StorageTek T10000 tape drive.
This document is intended for:
Account executives
Marketing and sales personnel
System engineers
Technical personnel (such as service representatives, professional service, or technical support)
The term T10000 is used in the document to generically reflect all drive models. The specific model suffix is used whenever model differentiation is appropriate.
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Tape cartridges are not shipped as part of the T10000 tape drive; you must order them separately. See "Ordering Media and Cartridge Labels" for more information.
This appendix lists and describes the tape cartridges used with the StorageTek T10000 tape drives.
Illustration Legend:
Media Usage:
The storage media (tape cartridges) used in a library and tape drive can have a significant impact on the overall performance. The following is a policy regarding tape storage media:
StorageTek-branded media has a warranty.
The customer is responsible for all expenses and costs related to the repair or replacement of hardware damaged by non-StorageTek branded tape storage media.
Optimized for high capacity, these cartridges use a single reel hub to maximize performance. The basic types of cartridges are:
StorageTek T10000 (for the T10000A or B tape drives)
Standard
Sport
VolSafe (standard or sport)
Cleaning
StorageTek T10000 T2 (for the T10000C or D tape drive)
Standard
Sport
VolSafe (standard or sport)
Cleaning
Standard cartridges are the common read or write data cartridges. You can identify a standard cartridge by the black access door.
Each standard data cartridge has a native capacity of:
StorageTek T10000: 500 GB (T10000A) or 1 TB (T10000B)
StorageTek T10000 T2: 5 TB (T10000C) or 8 TB (T10000D)
When Max Capacity is enabled, the capacity is 5.5 TB (T10000C) and 8.5 TB (T10000D).
The StorageTek T10000 data cartridge specification supports 15,000 mounts. The StorageTek T10000 T2 data cartridge specification supports 25,000 mounts. The tape drive issues a warning message to the host when that number is exceeded.
Note: A mount is defined as the tape drive threading the tape onto the take-up reel and moving to the load point. |
Sport cartridges are a smaller version of the standard data cartridges. You can identify a sport cartridge by the red access door.
Each sport data cartridge has a native capacity of:
StorageTek T10000: 120 GB (T10000A) or 240 GB (T10000B)
StorageTek T10000 T2: 1 TB (T10000C) or 1.6TB (T10000D)
The StorageTek T10000 cartridge specification supports 15,000 mounts. The StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridge specification supports 25,000 mounts. The tape drive issues a warning message when that number is exceeded.
VolSafe is an extension of the write protect function. Use VolSafe cartridges for write-once, read-many (WORM) applications. You cannot erase them without destroying the tape itself.
You can identify a VolSafe cartridge by the yellow access door.
T10000 writes data to a VolSafe tape and then the drive can append a multitude of data sets onto the cartridge until the cartridge is full. In this way, VolSafe enables permanent archival of data on the tape without the possibility of data loss.
VolSafe cartridges come in both standard and sport capacities.
The StorageTek T10000 cartridge specification supports 15,000 mounts. The StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridge specification supports 25,000 mounts. The tape drive issues a warning message to the host when that number is exceeded.
VolSafe and WORM technologies are ideal for data storage, protection, and archive for a variety of applications such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law on July 30, 2002. This act introduced highly significant legislative changes to financial practice and corporate governance regulation. It introduced stringent new rules with the stated objective: ”to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures made pursuant to the securities laws.”
As the name implies, use a cleaning cartridge to clean a tape drive's head and tape path.
Note: After the tape drive transports a predetermined length of tape or records a pre-determined number of errors, the drive automatically requests cleaning. |
You can use a cleaning cartridge to clean a drive's head up to the rated number of passes. An attempt to use a cleaning cartridge beyond that results in the tape drive rejecting the cartridge and posting an error message to the host.
You can identify these cartridges by a white leader access door.
The T10000 tape cartridge has two additional components ("Radio Frequency Identification" and "Media Information").
The T10000 drive RFID circuitry reads the information in the RFID chip located in the cartridge when a tape is loaded. This information helps determine the type of tape and the state of the media information region (MIR).
When the tape is loaded, the MIR is marked as invalid—or, subject to change—then updated with new information when it is unloaded.
When the tape is released from the drive, the RFID chip is refreshed by the drive with the current MIR information, statistics, and status.
The T10000 tape drives use information recorded on each tape cartridge to reduce access times and manage the useful life of the cartridge. This information is recorded in the cartridge's radio frequency identification (RFID) chip and at the beginning of tape in an area known as the media information region (MIR). The information stored in the RFID is a proper subset of the information stored in the MIR. The media information falls into two categories: statistical counters and data pointers.
Statistical counters reflect use of the cartridge and includes read or write activity, error activity, cumulative mounts, and other information about its use.
The data pointer information is a directory (map) used to locate the customer (logical) data on the physical tape media. Because customer data is compressed and written in drive controlled blocks on the tape, a map is needed to efficiently locate the data after it is written. This map provides an index between customer data and the physical block on the tape media. After data is written, the drive accesses this map to optimize access to the customer data.
To locate or space to customer data, the logical object that identifies the block is translated to the physical location on the tape media, and the drive determines the quickest method to read the block. If the block is some physical distance from the current location, a calculation results in a high-speed locate to the block location and is followed by a normal speed read.
The existence of the media information is usually transparent to the customer unless it has a problem. This can occur if the information update fails during a dismount. The impact of invalid media information occurs in several areas. Because it enables high speed positioning, invalid media information forces all operations to a slow speed mode. This has no impact on a sequential read from the beginning of the tape. However, any operation using locate defaults to a sequential slow speed read to the requested block, which can result in longer processing time.
Note: Invalid media information might be suspected if you observe poor performance on a specific tape cartridge. |
The following sections describe how media information is processed and some potential implications of problems with the information.
Every time a tape cartridge is loaded, the media information is read from the tape media and saved in drive-resident memory. After being loaded in drive memory, a read-invalid state is written in the tape-resident RFID. The tape-resident media information is marked open, read-invalid because it does not reflect results of activity in the current mount session. All subsequent media information accesses during the current mount session are saved in the drive-resident information. If no writes are performed to the cartridge, the RFID remains in the read-invalid state meaning the MIR directory information is still completely valid. After a write takes place, the RFID is marked write-invalid meaning the MIR directory information on tape is invalid.
The T10000 drives use the drive-resident copy of the information to access customer data pointers for read-only functions. Statistical counters are continuously updated in the memory-resident information with any drive activity.
When the cartridge is unloaded as part of the unload routine, the drive-resident information is written to the cartridge's RFID and the tape-resident MIR with the closed state indication set.
Whenever a data cartridge is loaded that was written in a data density format that is different from the one used when the drive writes, model-specific MIR processing occurs. In an environment with mixed T10000 drive models, a mandatory firmware update provides the capability for the lower-density drive to read the RFID of a higher-density drive.
For a standard data cartridge or Sport cartridge written by a T10000A drive, the:
RFID can be read or updated by a T10000A, B, C, or D drive.
MIR can be read by a T10000A, B, C, or D drive.
MIR cannot be updated by a T10000B, C, or D drive.
T10000A, B, C, or D drive counters can be updated after appropriate firmware updates are installed.
Cartridge can be reclaimed by a T10000A or B drive.
For a standard data cartridge or Sport cartridge written by a T10000B drive, the:
RFID can be:
Read by a T10000A, B, C, or D drive
Updated by a T10000B, C, or D drive
MIR can be read by a T10000B, C, or D drive.
MIR cannot be updated by a T10000A, C, or D drive.
T10000B, C, or D drive counters can be updated after appropriate firmware updates are installed.
Cartridge can be reclaimed by a T10000A or B drive.
Note: When the T10000A or B drive identifies the data cartridge as an unreadable-density data format, it displays 3215 on the Virtual Operator Panel (VOP) or the physical operator panel of the rack mount drive. |
For a standard data cartridge or Sport cartridge written by a T10000C drive, the:
RFID can be:
Read by a T10000A, B, C, or D drive
Updated by a T10000C or D drive
MIR can be read by a T10000C or D drive.
MIR cannot be updated by a T10000A or B drive.
T10000C drive counters can be updated after appropriate firmware updates are installed.
Cartridge can be reclaimed by a T10000C or D drive.
For a standard data cartridge or Sport cartridge written by a T10000D drive, the:
RFID can be:
Read by a T10000A, B, C, or D drive
Updated by a T10000D drive
MIR can be read by a T10000D drive.
MIR cannot be updated by a T10000A, B, or C drive.
T10000D drive counters can be updated after appropriate firmware updates are installed.
Cartridge can be reclaimed by a T10000D drive.
There are four media invalid conditions for the T10000 drives:
Cartridge's RFID is unreadable. The drive refuses to mount the cartridge (FSC of 403B). Return the cartridge to engineering to recover the customer data.
Cartridge's RFID can be partially read. The drive mounts the cartridge as read-only.
RFID and MIR are out-of-sync. None of the block information, coarse-grained in the RFID or fine-grained in the MIR, can be trusted. The cartridge is usable but the drive must rebuild the block information as it sequentially reads all of the data up to the desired customer data.
Note: This scenario can cause the drive to spend an hour or more rebuilding the block information, potentially causing the application running on the host to time out. |
MIR is corrupted or unreadable. The fine-grained block location information on the cartridge cannot be used; the tape can be used with the coarse-grained block information on the RFID but with lower performance.
The drive posts a 4031 or 4032 informational FSC whenever it loads a cartridge with an invalid MIR. When a tape cartridge has an invalid media information, some action is required to correct it. Invalid media information can be corrected in several ways:
Run the media correction utility through the VOP.
The drive recovers the media information as it processes host commands, but very slowly.
Operating (tape path):
Temperature: 10° to 45°C (50° to 113°F)
Relative humidity (non-condensing): 20% to 80%
Wet bulb (maximum): 26°C (79°F) with no condensation
Note: Conditioning time before use is 24 hours minimum but 72 hours preferred. |
Storage (less than four weeks):
Temperature: 10° to 32°C (50° to 90°F)
Relative humidity (non-condensing): 5% to 80%
Wet bulb (maximum): 26°C (79°F) with no condensation
Archival:
Temperature: 15° to 26°C (59° to 79°F)
Relative humidity (non-condensing): 15% to 50%
Wet bulb (maximum): 26°C (79°F) with no condensation
Shipping (less than 10 days):
Temperature: -23° to 49°C (-9° to 120°F)
Relative humidity (non-condensing): 5% to 80%
Wet bulb (maximum): 26°C (79°F) with no condensation
Note: The shipping environment must not exceed the limit of the storage environment, archive or non-archive, for longer than 10 days. |
Physical specifications:
Height: 2.45 centimeters (0.964 inches)
Length: 12.5 centimeters (4.92 inches)
Depth (width): 10.9 centimeters (4.29 inches)
Weight:
StorageTek T10000 cartridges (used with T10000A or B drives):
Standard data cartridge: 262.5 grams (9.26 ounces)
Sport data cartridge: 187 grams (6.60 ounces)
Cleaning cartridge: 196.3 grams (6.94 ounces)
StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridges (used with the T10000C or D drive):
Standard data cartridge: 270 grams (9.52 ounces)
Sport data cartridge: 191 grams (6.74 ounces)
Cleaning cartridge: 196.3 grams (6.94 ounces)
Cartridge life:
StorageTek T10000 (used with T10000A or B drives): 15,000 mounts
StorageTek T10000 T2 (used with the T10000C or D drive): 25,000 mounts
Note: A mount is defined as the tape drive threading the tape onto the take-up reel and moving to the load point. |
Tape media data:
StorageTek T10000 cartridges (used with T10000A or B drives):
Standard data cartridge:
Capacity: 500 gigabytes (T10000A) or 1 terabyte (T10000B)
Media length: 917 meters (3,009 feet) [recordable 855 meters (2,805 feet)]
Sport data cartridge:
Capacity: 120 gigabytes (T10000A) or 240 gigabytes (T10000B)
Media length: 267 meters (876 feet) [recordable 205 meters (672.6 feet))]
Media thickness: 6.5 microns
Tracks:
T10000A: 768 (32 channels and 24 wraps)
T10000B: 1,152 (32 channels and 36 wraps)
StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridges (used with the T10000C or D drive):
Standard data cartridge:
Capacity: 5 terabytes (T10000C) or 8 terabytes (T10000D)
Media length: 1,147 meters (3,763 feet) [recordable 1,107 meters (3,632 feet)]
Sport data cartridge:
Capacity: 1 terabyte
Media length: 334 meters (1,096 feet) [recordable 303 meters (994 feet)]
Media thickness: 5.2 microns
Tracks:
T10000C: 3,584 (32 channels and 112 wraps)
T10000D: 4,608 (32 channels and 144 wraps)
Caution: Servo track damage: Bulk-erase will destroy pre-recorded servo tracks. Do not degauss T10000 tape cartridges. |
A cartridge label contains bar codes and visual characters. The visual characters do not need to line up with the bar code.
If you are using cartridges in rack mount tape drives, the cartridges may be labeled on the rear of the cartridge as desired.
If you are using the cartridges in a StorageTek library, see the User's Guide for that library regarding the label requirements.
The following specifications are pertinent to the label:
AIM Uniform Symbology Specification USS-39
ANSI MH10.8M-1993 ANSI Code 39 Barcode Specification
Data cartridge labels consist of eight characters and the associated barcode. These characters may consist of letters A–Z and numbers 0–9. No special characters (&$%@# and so on) are allowed. The first six characters in the label are the customer volume ID or volume serial number (VOLSER). The last two characters are the media ID usually with a white background.
T1 for the StorageTek T10000 cartridge
TS for the StorageTek T10000 Sport cartridge
T2 for StorageTek T10000 T2 cartridge
TT for the StorageTek T10000 T2 Sport cartridge
Figure A-2 shows an example of a data cartridge label for the T10000A or B tape drive.
Note: VolSafe cartridge labels are the same as data cartridge labels except that the background color of the media ID is usually yellow. |
The label must start with DG <space> so a library can recognize a diagnostic cartridge. The next three characters can be 000 to 999 while the last two characters indicate the media ID.
T1 for a cartridge used with a T10000A or B tape drive
T2 for a cartridge used with the T10000C or D tape drive
Figure A-3 shows an example of a diagnostic cartridge label for the T10000A or B tape drive.
The cleaning label is ”CLNxxx” where xxx is 00 to 99 to identify each individual cleaning tape. The library recognizes a cleaning cartridge by the label media identifier.
CT for a T10000A or B drive
CC for a cartridge used with a T10000C drive
CL for a cartridge used with any model in the T10000 drive family
Figure A-4 shows an example of a cleaning cartridge label for the T10000A or B tape drive.
T10000 cartridges require care to ensure proper operation and longevity.
Unpack new tape cartridges in the area in which they will be used and allow them to acclimate for a period of at least 24 hours.
Caution: Tape and cartridge damage: Tape cartridges are easily damaged and you must handle them carefully. Follow these tape cartridge handling guidelines: |
Do not open a tape cartridge or touch the tape.
Do not carry tape cartridges loosely in a container.
Do not expose the tape or cartridge to direct sunlight or moisture.
Do not expose a recorded tape cartridge to magnetic fields.
Maintain clean operating, working, and storage environments.
Always store tape cartridges in an environment within the specified range of temperature and humidity. Follow these recommendations when you store cartridges:
Do not take tape cartridges out of their protective wrapping until you need them. Use the tear string, not a sharp instrument, to remove wrapping.
Store tape cartridges in a dirt-free environment that, if possible, duplicates the conditions of the data processing center.
Before you use tape cartridges that have been in tape storage, acclimate them to the operating environment for at least 72 hours.
Caution: Tape and cartridge damage: Tape cartridges are easily damaged. Proper packaging is required for shipping. |
If you must ship cartridges, especially if they are for remote system backup, remote database duplication, or disaster recovery, follow these guidelines:
Save the original factory packaging when you receive new tape cartridges. Use this packaging material, or the equivalent, to package tape cartridges for shipment.
Wrap the tape cartridges in plastic to block moisture and contamination from entering the tape cartridges.
Pack the tape cartridges on edge, with the leader door on top. If you pack the tape cartridges flat, shipping vibration causes the clutches in the tape cartridges to disengage and slip.
Pad the tape cartridges on all six (6) sides.
If you are using factory packaging to ship fewer tape cartridges than the packaging originally held, or if you are using other packaging, fill voids in the packaging with foam padding equivalent to the original contents.
Label the outside of the shipping carton clearly with text or accepted symbols that indicate:
Do not expose to magnetic fields
Do not expose to moisture
Fragile
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