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Oracle® Database SQL言語クイック・リファレンス
12cリリース1 (12.1)
B71279-08
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SQL文の構文

SQL文は、プログラムおよびユーザーがOracle Databaseのデータにアクセスするための手段です。

この項では、各SQL文および関連する構文を示します。副次句の構文については、第5章「副次句」を参照してください。


参照:

Oracle SQLの詳細は、『Oracle Database SQL言語リファレンス』を参照してください。

ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT

ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT
  { keystore_management_clauses
  | key_management_clauses
  | secret_management_clauses
  } ;

ALTER AUDIT POLICY

ALTER AUDIT POLICY policy
  [ ADD [ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ] ]
  [ DROP [ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ] ]
  [ CONDITION { DROP | 'audit_condition' EVALUATE PER { STATEMENT | SESSION | INSTANCE } } ]
;

ALTER CLUSTER

ALTER CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
  { physical_attributes_clause
  | SIZE size_clause
  | [ MODIFY PARTITION partition ] allocate_extent_clause
  | deallocate_unused_clause
  | { CACHE | NOCACHE }
  } ...
  [ parallel_clause ] ;

ALTER DATABASE

ALTER DATABASE [ database ]
  { startup_clauses
  | recovery_clauses
  | database_file_clauses
  | logfile_clauses
  | controlfile_clauses
  | standby_database_clauses
  | default_settings_clauses
  | instance_clauses
  | security_clause
  } ;

ALTER DATABASE LINK

ALTER [ SHARED ] [ PUBLIC ] DATABASE LINK dblink
  { CONNECT TO user IDENTIFIED BY password [ dblink_authentication ]
  | dblink_authentication
  };

ALTER DIMENSION

ALTER DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension
  { ADD { level_clause
        | hierarchy_clause
        | attribute_clause
        | extended_attribute_clause
        }
  } ...
  |
  { DROP { LEVEL level [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
         | HIERARCHY hierarchy
         | ATTRIBUTE attribute [ LEVEL level [ COLUMN column ] ]...
         }
  } ...
  |
  COMPILE
  ;

ALTER DISKGROUP

ALTER DISKGROUP
  { diskgroup_name
      { { { add_disk_clause | drop_disk_clause }
          [, { add_disk_clause | drop_disk_clause } ]...
        | resize_disk_clause
        } [ rebalance_diskgroup_clause ]
      | replace_disk_clause
      | rename_disk_clause
      | disk_online_clause
      | disk_offline_clause
      | rebalance_diskgroup_clause
      | check_diskgroup_clause
      | diskgroup_template_clauses
      | diskgroup_directory_clauses
      | diskgroup_alias_clauses
      | diskgroup_volume_clauses
      | diskgroup_attributes
      | modify_diskgroup_file
      | drop_diskgroup_file_clause
      | usergroup_clauses
      | user_clauses
      | file_permissions_clause
      | file_owner_clause
      | scrub_clause
      }
    | { diskgroup_name [, diskgroup_name ]...
      | ALL
      } { undrop_disk_clause
        | diskgroup_availability
        | enable_disable_volume
        }
  } ;

ALTER FLASHBACK ARCHIVE

ALTER FLASHBACK ARCHIVE flashback_archive
  { SET DEFAULT
  | { ADD | MODIFY } TABLESPACE tablespace [flashback_archive_quota]
  | REMOVE TABLESPACE tablespace_name
  | MODIFY RETENTION flashback_archive_retention
  | PURGE { ALL | BEFORE { SCN expr | TIMESTAMP expr } }
  | [NO] OPTIMIZE DATA
  };

ALTER FUNCTION

ALTER FUNCTION [ schema. ] function_name
{ function_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }

ALTER INDEX

ALTER INDEX [ schema. ]index
  { { deallocate_unused_clause
    | allocate_extent_clause
    | shrink_clause
    | parallel_clause
    | physical_attributes_clause
    | logging_clause
    | partial_index_clause
    } ...
  | rebuild_clause
  | PARAMETERS ( 'ODCI_parameters' )
               )
  | COMPILE
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE }
  | UNUSABLE [ ONLINE ]
  | VISIBLE | INVISIBLE
  | RENAME TO new_name
  | COALESCE [ CLEANUP ] [ parallel_clause ]
  | { MONITORING | NOMONITORING } USAGE
  | UPDATE BLOCK REFERENCES
  | alter_index_partitioning
  }
  ;

ALTER INDEXTYPE

ALTER INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
  { { ADD | DROP } [ schema. ] operator ( parameter_types ) 
      [ , { ADD | DROP } [schema. ] operator ( parameter_types ) ]... [ using_type_clause ]
  | COMPILE
  }
  [ WITH LOCAL [ RANGE ] PARTITION ] [ storage_table_clause ]
  ;

ALTER JAVA

ALTER JAVA
  { SOURCE | CLASS } [ schema. ]object_name 
  [ RESOLVER 
      ( ( match_string [, ] { schema_name | - } )... )
  ]
  { { COMPILE | RESOLVE }
  | invoker_rights_clause
  } ;

ALTER LIBRARY

ALTER LIBRARY [ schema. ] library_name
{ library_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW
  [ schema. ] materialized_view
  [ physical_attributes_clause
  | modify_mv_column_clause
  | table_compression
  | inmemory_alter_table_clause
  | LOB_storage_clause [, LOB_storage_clause ]...
  | modify_LOB_storage_clause [, modify_LOB_storage_clause ]...
  | alter_table_partitioning
  | parallel_clause
  | logging_clause
  | allocate_extent_clause
  | deallocate_unused_clause
  | shrink_clause
  | { CACHE | NOCACHE }
  ]
  [ alter_iot_clauses ]
  [ USING INDEX physical_attributes_clause ]
  [ MODIFY scoped_table_ref_constraint
  | alter_mv_refresh
  ]
  [ evaluation_edition_clause ]
  [ alter_query_rewrite_clause
  | COMPILE
  | CONSIDER FRESH
  ] ;

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG [ FORCE ]
  ON [ schema. ]table
  [ physical_attributes_clause
  | add_mv_log_column_clause
  | alter_table_partitioning
  | parallel_clause
  | logging_clause
  | allocate_extent_clause
  | shrink_clause
  | move_mv_log_clause
  | { CACHE | NOCACHE }
  ] [ mv_log_augmentation ] [  mv_log_purge_clause ] [ for_refresh_clause ]
  ;

ALTER MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP

ALTER MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP [ schema. ] zonemap_name
  { alter_zonemap_attributes
  | zonemap_refresh_clause
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE } PRUNING
  | COMPILE
  | REBUILD
  | UNUSABLE
  } ;

ALTER OPERATOR

ALTER OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator
  { add_binding_clause
  | drop_binding_clause
  | COMPILE
  } ;

ALTER OUTLINE

ALTER OUTLINE [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] outline
  { REBUILD
  | RENAME TO new_outline_name
  | CHANGE CATEGORY TO new_category_name
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE }
  } ...
  ;

ALTER PACKAGE

ALTER PACKAGE [ schema. ] package_name
{ package_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE
  { pdb_unplug_clause
  | pdb_settings_clauses
  | pdb_datafile_clause
  | pdb_recovery_clauses
  | pdb_change_state
  | pdb_change_state_from_root
  } ;

ALTER PROCEDURE

ALTER PROCEDURE [ schema. ] procedure_name
{ procedure_compile_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }

ALTER PROFILE

ALTER PROFILE profile LIMIT
  { resource_parameters | password_parameters } ...
  [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;

ALTER RESOURCE COST

ALTER RESOURCE COST
  { { CPU_PER_SESSION
    | CONNECT_TIME
    | LOGICAL_READS_PER_SESSION
    | PRIVATE_SGA
    } integer
  } ...
  ;

ALTER ROLE

ALTER ROLE role
  { NOT IDENTIFIED
  | IDENTIFIED
      { BY password
      | USING [ schema. ] package
      | EXTERNALLY
      | GLOBALLY
      }
  }
  [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT

ALTER ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
  { ONLINE
  | OFFLINE
  | storage_clause
  | SHRINK [ TO size_clause ]
  };

ALTER SEQUENCE

ALTER SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence
  { INCREMENT BY integer
  | { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
  | { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
  | { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
  | { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
  | { ORDER | NOORDER }
  | { KEEP | NOKEEP }
  | { SESSION | GLOBAL }
  } ...
;

ALTER SESSION

ALTER SESSION
  { ADVISE { COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NOTHING }
  | CLOSE DATABASE LINK dblink
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE } COMMIT IN PROCEDURE
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE } GUARD
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE | FORCE } PARALLEL
    { DML | DDL | QUERY } [ PARALLEL integer ]
  | { ENABLE RESUMABLE [ TIMEOUT integer ] [ NAME string ]
    | DISABLE RESUMABLE
    }
  | SYNC WITH PRIMARY
  | alter_session_set_clause
  } ;

ALTER SYNONYM

ALTER [ PUBLIC ] SYNONYM [ schema. ] synonym
  { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE | COMPILE } ;

ALTER SYSTEM

ALTER SYSTEM
  { archive_log_clause
  | checkpoint_clause
  | check_datafiles_clause
  | distributed_recov_clauses
  | FLUSH { SHARED_POOL | GLOBAL CONTEXT | BUFFER_CACHE
          | REDO TO target_db_name [ [ NO ] CONFIRM APPLY ] }
  | end_session_clauses
  | SWITCH LOGFILE
  | { SUSPEND | RESUME }
  | quiesce_clauses
  | rolling_migration_clauses
  | rolling_patch_clauses
  | security_clauses
  | shutdown_dispatcher_clause
  | REGISTER
  | SET alter_system_set_clause
        [ alter_system_set_clause ]...
  | RESET alter_system_reset_clause
          [ alter_system_reset_clause ]...
  | RELOCATE CLIENT client_id
  } ;

ALTER TABLE

ALTER TABLE [ schema. ] table
  [ alter_table_properties
  | column_clauses
  | constraint_clauses
  | alter_table_partitioning
  | alter_external_table
  | move_table_clause
  | modify_opaque_type
  ]
  [ enable_disable_clause
  | { ENABLE | DISABLE } { TABLE LOCK | ALL TRIGGERS }
  ] ...
  ;

ALTER TABLESPACE

ALTER TABLESPACE tablespace
  { DEFAULT [ table_compression ] [ inmemory_clause ] [ ilm_clause ] [ storage_clause ]
  | MINIMUM EXTENT size_clause
  | RESIZE size_clause
  | COALESCE
  | SHRINK SPACE [ KEEP size_clause]
  | RENAME TO new_tablespace_name
  | { BEGIN | END } BACKUP
  | datafile_tempfile_clauses
  | tablespace_logging_clauses
  | tablespace_group_clause
  | tablespace_state_clauses
  | autoextend_clause
  | flashback_mode_clause
  | tablespace_retention_clause
  } ;

ALTER TRIGGER

ALTER TRIGGER [ schema. ] trigger_name
  { trigger_compile_clause
  | { ENABLE| DISABLE }
  | RENAME TO new_name
  | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE }
  } ;

ALTER TYPE

ALTER TYPE [ schema. ] type_name
{ alter_type_clause | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE } }

ALTER USER

ALTER USER
  { user
    { IDENTIFIED
      { BY password [ REPLACE old_password ]
      | EXTERNALLY [ AS 'certificate_DN' | AS 'kerberos_principal_name' ]
      | GLOBALLY [ AS '[directory_DN]' ]
      }
    | DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
    | TEMPORARY TABLESPACE { tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
    | { QUOTA { size_clause
              | UNLIMITED
              } ON tablespace
      } ...
    | PROFILE profile
    | DEFAULT ROLE { role [, role ]...
                   | ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
                   | NONE
                   }
    | PASSWORD EXPIRE
    | ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
    | ENABLE EDITIONS [ FOR object_type [, object_type ]... ] [ FORCE ]
    | CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL }
    | container_data_clause
    } ...
  | user [, user ]... proxy_clause
  } ;

ALTER VIEW

ALTER VIEW [ schema. ] view
  { ADD out_of_line_constraint
  | MODIFY CONSTRAINT constraint
      { RELY | NORELY }
  | DROP { CONSTRAINT constraint
         | PRIMARY KEY
         | UNIQUE (column [, column ]...)
         }
  | COMPILE
  | { READ ONLY | READ WRITE }
  | { EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE }
  } ;

ANALYZE

ANALYZE
  { { TABLE [ schema. ] table
    | INDEX [ schema. ] index
    } [ partition_extension_clause ]
  | CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
  }
  { validation_clauses
  | LIST CHAINED ROWS [ into_clause ]
  | DELETE [ SYSTEM ] STATISTICS
  } ;

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS

ASSOCIATE STATISTICS WITH
  { column_association | function_association }
  [ storage_table_clause ] ;

AUDIT (Traditional Auditing)

AUDIT
  { audit_operation_clause [ auditing_by_clause | IN SESSION CURRENT ]
  | audit_schema_object_clause
  | NETWORK
  | DIRECT_PATH LOAD [ auditing_by_clause ]
  } [ BY { SESSION | ACCESS } ]
    [ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
    [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ]
;

AUDIT (Unified Auditing)

AUDIT
  { POLICY policy
    [ { BY user [, user]... } | { EXCEPT user [, user]... } ]
    [ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
  }
  |
  { CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]...
      [, CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]... ]...
    [ BY user [, user]... ]
  } ;

CALL

CALL
  { routine_clause
  | object_access_expression
  }
  [ INTO :host_variable
    [ [ INDICATOR ] :indicator_variable ] ] ;

COMMENT

COMMENT ON
  { AUDIT POLICY policy
  | COLUMN [ schema. ]
      { table. | view. | materialized_view. } column
  | EDITION edition_name
  | INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
  | MATERIALIZED VIEW materialized_view
  | MINING MODEL [ schema. ] model
  | OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator
  | TABLE [ schema. ] { table | view }
  }
  IS string ;

COMMIT

COMMIT [ WORK ]
  [ [ COMMENT string ]
    | [ WRITE [ WAIT | NOWAIT ] [ IMMEDIATE | BATCH ]
    ]
  | FORCE string [, integer ]
  ] ;

CREATE AUDIT POLICY

CREATE AUDIT POLICY policy
  [ privilege_audit_clause ] [ action_audit_clause ] [ role_audit_clause ]
  [ WHEN 'audit_condition' EVALUATE PER { STATEMENT | SESSION | INSTANCE } ]
  [ CONTAINER = { ALL | CURRENT } ] ;

CREATE CLUSTER

CREATE CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
  (column datatype [ SORT ]
    [, column datatype [ SORT ] ]...
  )
  [ { physical_attributes_clause
    | SIZE size_clause
    | TABLESPACE tablespace
    | { INDEX
      | [ SINGLE TABLE ]
        HASHKEYS integer [ HASH IS expr ]
      }
    }...
  ]
  [ parallel_clause ]
  [ NOROWDEPENDENCIES | ROWDEPENDENCIES ]
  [ CACHE | NOCACHE ] [ cluster_range_partitions ] ;

CREATE CONTEXT

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] CONTEXT namespace
  USING [ schema. ] package
  [ INITIALIZED { EXTERNALLY | GLOBALLY }
  | ACCESSED GLOBALLY
  ] ;

CREATE CONTROLFILE

CREATE CONTROLFILE
  [ REUSE ] [ SET ] DATABASE database
  [ logfile_clause ]
  { RESETLOGS | NORESETLOGS }
  [ DATAFILE file_specification
             [, file_specification ]... ]
  [ MAXLOGFILES integer
  | MAXLOGMEMBERS integer
  | MAXLOGHISTORY integer
  | MAXDATAFILES integer
  | MAXINSTANCES integer
  | { ARCHIVELOG | NOARCHIVELOG }
  | FORCE LOGGING
  ]...
  [ character_set_clause ] ;

CREATE DATABASE

CREATE DATABASE [ database ]
  { USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY password
  | USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY password
  | CONTROLFILE REUSE
  | MAXDATAFILES integer
  | MAXINSTANCES integer
  | CHARACTER SET charset
  | NATIONAL CHARACTER SET charset
  | SET DEFAULT
      { BIGFILE | SMALLFILE } TABLESPACE
  | database_logging_clauses
  | tablespace_clauses
  | set_time_zone_clause
  | [ BIGFILE | SMALLFILE ] USER_DATA TABLESPACE tablespace_name
      DATAFILE datafile_tempfile_spec [, datafile_tempfile_spec ]...
  | enable_pluggable_database
  }... ;

CREATE DATABASE LINK

CREATE [ SHARED ] [ PUBLIC ] DATABASE LINK dblink
  [ CONNECT TO
    { CURRENT_USER
    | user IDENTIFIED BY password [ dblink_authentication ]
    }
  | dblink_authentication
  ]...
  [ USING connect_string ] ;

CREATE DIMENSION

CREATE DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension
  level_clause ...
  { hierarchy_clause
  | attribute_clause
  | extended_attribute_clause
  }...
;

CREATE DIRECTORY

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] DIRECTORY directory
  AS 'path_name' ;

CREATE DISKGROUP

CREATE DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
  [ { HIGH | NORMAL | EXTERNAL } REDUNDANCY ]
  { [ QUORUM | REGULAR ] [ FAILGROUP failgroup_name ]
    DISK qualified_disk_clause [, qualified_disk_clause]...
  } ...
  [ ATTRIBUTE { 'attribute_name' = 'attribute_value' }
              [, 'attribute_name' = 'attribute_value' ]... ]
;

CREATE EDITION

CREATE EDITION edition
  [ AS CHILD OF parent_edition ]
;

CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE

CREATE FLASHBACK ARCHIVE [DEFAULT] flashback_archive
  TABLESPACE tablespace
  [flashback_archive_quota]
  [ [NO] OPTIMIZE DATA ]
  flashback_archive_retention
;

CREATE FUNCTION

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
FUNCTION plsql_function_source

CREATE INDEX

CREATE [ UNIQUE | BITMAP ] INDEX [ schema. ] index
  ON { cluster_index_clause
     | table_index_clause
     | bitmap_join_index_clause
     }
[ USABLE | UNUSABLE ] ;

CREATE INDEXTYPE

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype
  FOR [ schema. ] operator (parameter_type [, parameter_type ]...)
        [, [ schema. ] operator (parameter_type [, parameter_type ]...)
        ]...
  using_type_clause
  [WITH LOCAL [RANGE] PARTITION ]
  [ storage_table_clause ]
;

CREATE JAVA

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ AND { RESOLVE | COMPILE } ] [ NOFORCE ]
  JAVA { { SOURCE | RESOURCE } NAMED [ schema. ] primary_name
       | CLASS [ SCHEMA schema ]
       }
  [ invoker_rights_clause ]
  [ RESOLVER ( (match_string [,] { schema_name | - })...) ]
  { USING { BFILE (directory_object_name, server_file_name)
          | { CLOB | BLOB | BFILE } subquery
          | 'key_for_BLOB'
          }
  | AS source_char
  } ;

CREATE LIBRARY

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
LIBRARY plsql_library_source

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW [ schema. ] materialized_view
  [ OF [ schema. ] object_type ]
  [ ( { scoped_table_ref_constraint
      | column_alias [ENCRYPT [encryption_spec]]
      }
      [, { scoped_table_ref_constraint
         | column_alias [ENCRYPT [encryption_spec]]
         }
      ]...
    )
  ]
  { ON PREBUILT TABLE
    [ { WITH | WITHOUT } REDUCED PRECISION ]
  | physical_properties materialized_view_props
  }
  [ USING INDEX
    [ physical_attributes_clause
    | TABLESPACE tablespace
    ]...
  | USING NO INDEX
  ]
  [ create_mv_refresh ]
  [ FOR UPDATE ]
  [ evaluation_edition_clause ]
  [ query_rewrite_clause ]
AS subquery ;

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON [ schema. ] table
  [ physical_attributes_clause
  | TABLESPACE tablespace
  | logging_clause
  | { CACHE | NOCACHE }
  ]...
  [ parallel_clause ]
  [ table_partitioning_clauses ]
  [ WITH [ { OBJECT ID
         | PRIMARY KEY
         | ROWID
         | SEQUENCE
         | COMMIT SCN
         }
           [ { , OBJECT ID
             | , PRIMARY KEY
             | , ROWID
             | , SEQUENCE
             | , COMMIT SCN
             }
           ]... ]
    (column [, column ]...)
    [ new_values_clause ]
  ] [ mv_log_purge_clause ] [ for_refresh_clause ]
;

CREATE MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP

{ create_zonemap_on_table | create_zonemap_as_subquery } ;

CREATE OPERATOR

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] OPERATOR
   [ schema. ] operator binding_clause ;

CREATE OUTLINE

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
   [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] OUTLINE [ outline ]
   [ FROM [ PUBLIC | PRIVATE ] source_outline ]
   [ FOR CATEGORY category ]
   [ ON statement ] ;

CREATE PACKAGE

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
PACKAGE plsql_package_source

CREATE PACKAGE BODY

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
PACKAGE BODY plsql_package_body_source

CREATE PFILE

CREATE PFILE [= 'pfile_name' ]
   FROM { SPFILE [= 'spfile_name']
        | MEMORY
        } ;

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE

CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name
  { create_pdb_from_seed | create_pdb_clone | create_pdb_from_xml } ;

CREATE PROCEDURE

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
PROCEDURE plsql_procedure_source

CREATE PROFILE

CREATE PROFILE profile
  LIMIT { resource_parameters
        | password_parameters
        }...
  [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;

CREATE RESTORE POINT

CREATE RESTORE POINT restore_point
   [ AS OF {TIMESTAMP | SCN} expr ]
   [ PRESERVE
   | GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE
   ];

CREATE ROLE

CREATE ROLE role
   [ NOT IDENTIFIED
   | IDENTIFIED { BY password
                | USING [ schema. ] package
                | EXTERNALLY
                | GLOBALLY
                }
   ] [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ];

CREATE ROLLBACK SEGMENT

CREATE [ PUBLIC ] ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
  [ TABLESPACE tablespace | storage_clause ]...];

CREATE SCHEMA

CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION schema
   { create_table_statement
   | create_view_statement
   | grant_statement
   }...
;

CREATE SEQUENCE

CREATE SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence
   [ { INCREMENT BY | START WITH } integer
   | { MAXVALUE integer | NOMAXVALUE }
   | { MINVALUE integer | NOMINVALUE }
   | { CYCLE | NOCYCLE }
   | { CACHE integer | NOCACHE }
   | { ORDER | NOORDER }
   | { KEEP | NOKEEP }
   | { SESSION | GLOBAL }
   ]...
;

CREATE SPFILE

CREATE SPFILE [= 'spfile_name' ]
  FROM { PFILE [= 'pfile_name' ]
       | MEMORY
       } ;

CREATE SYNONYM

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] [ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
  [ PUBLIC ] SYNONYM
  [ schema. ] synonym
  FOR [ schema. ] object [ @ dblink ] ;

CREATE TABLE

CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE [ schema. ] table
  { relational_table | object_table | XMLType_table } ;

CREATE TABLESPACE

CREATE
   [ BIGFILE | SMALLFILE ]
   { permanent_tablespace_clause
   | temporary_tablespace_clause
   | undo_tablespace_clause
   } ;

CREATE TRIGGER

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
TRIGGER plsql_trigger_source

CREATE TYPE

CREATE [OR REPLACE]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
TYPE plsql_type_source

CREATE TYPE BODY

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ]
[ EDITIONABLE | NONEDITIONABLE ]
TYPE BODY plsql_type_body_source

CREATE USER

CREATE USER user
   IDENTIFIED { BY password
              | EXTERNALLY [ AS 'certificate_DN' | AS 'kerberos_principal_name' ]
              | GLOBALLY [ AS '[ directory_DN ]' ]
              }
   [ DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
   | TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
        { tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
   | { QUOTA { size_clause | UNLIMITED } ON tablespace }...
   | PROFILE profile
   | PASSWORD EXPIRE
   | ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
     [ DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
     | TEMPORARY TABLESPACE
          { tablespace | tablespace_group_name }
     | { QUOTA { size_clause | UNLIMITED } ON tablespace }...
     | PROFILE profile
     | PASSWORD EXPIRE
     | ACCOUNT { LOCK | UNLOCK }
     | ENABLE EDITIONS
     | CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL }
     ]...
  ] ;

CREATE VIEW

CREATE [OR REPLACE]
  [[NO] FORCE]
  [ EDITIONING | EDITIONABLE [ EDITIONING ] | NONEDITIONABLE ]
  VIEW [schema.] view
  [ ( { alias [ VISIBLE | INVISIBLE ] [ inline_constraint... ]
      | out_of_line_constraint
      }
        [, { alias [ VISIBLE | INVISIBLE ] [ inline_constraint...]
           | out_of_line_constraint
           }
        ]
    )
  | object_view_clause
  | XMLType_view_clause
  ]
  [ BEQUEATH { CURRENT_USER | DEFINER } ]
  AS subquery [ subquery_restriction_clause ] ;

DELETE

DELETE [ hint ]
   [ FROM ]
   { dml_table_expression_clause
   | ONLY (dml_table_expression_clause)
   } [ t_alias ]
     [ where_clause ]
     [ returning_clause ]
     [error_logging_clause];

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS

DISASSOCIATE STATISTICS FROM
   { COLUMNS [ schema. ]table.column
               [, [ schema. ]table.column ]...
   | FUNCTIONS [ schema. ]function
                 [, [ schema. ]function ]...
   | PACKAGES [ schema. ]package
                [, [ schema. ]package ]...
   | TYPES [ schema. ]type
             [, [ schema. ]type ]...
   | INDEXES [ schema. ]index
               [, [ schema. ]index ]...
   | INDEXTYPES [ schema. ]indextype
                  [, [ schema. ]indextype ]...
   }
   [ FORCE ] ;

DROP AUDIT POLICY

DROP AUDIT POLICY policy ;

DROP CLUSTER

DROP CLUSTER [ schema. ] cluster
   [ INCLUDING TABLES [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] ] ;

DROP CONTEXT

DROP CONTEXT namespace ;

DROP DATABASE

DROP DATABASE ;

DROP DATABASE LINK

DROP [ PUBLIC ] DATABASE LINK dblink ;

DROP DIMENSION

DROP DIMENSION [ schema. ] dimension ;

DROP DIRECTORY

DROP DIRECTORY directory_name ;

DROP DISKGROUP

DROP DISKGROUP diskgroup_name
   [  FORCE INCLUDING CONTENTS
   | { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } CONTENTS
   ];

DROP EDITION

DROP EDITION edition [CASCADE];

DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE

DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE flashback_archive;

DROP FUNCTION

DROP FUNCTION [ schema. ] function_name ;

DROP INDEX

DROP INDEX [ schema. ] index [ ONLINE ] [ FORCE ] ;

DROP INDEXTYPE

DROP INDEXTYPE [ schema. ] indextype [ FORCE ] ;

DROP JAVA

DROP JAVA { SOURCE | CLASS | RESOURCE }
  [ schema. ] object_name ;

DROP LIBRARY

DROP LIBRARY library_name ;

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW [ schema. ] materialized_view
   [ PRESERVE TABLE ] ;

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG

DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ON [ schema. ] table ;

DROP MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP

DROP MATERIALIZED ZONEMAP [ schema. ] zonemap_name ;

DROP OPERATOR

DROP OPERATOR [ schema. ] operator [ FORCE ] ;

DROP OUTLINE

DROP OUTLINE outline ;

DROP PACKAGE

DROP PACKAGE [ BODY ] [ schema. ] package ;

DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE

DROP PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb_name
  [ { KEEP | INCLUDING } DATAFILES ] ;

DROP PROCEDURE

DROP PROCEDURE [ schema. ] procedure ;

DROP PROFILE

DROP PROFILE profile [ CASCADE ] ;

DROP RESTORE POINT

DROP RESTORE POINT restore_point ;

DROP ROLE

DROP ROLE role ;

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT

DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment ;

DROP SEQUENCE

DROP SEQUENCE [ schema. ] sequence_name ;

DROP SYNONYM

DROP [PUBLIC] SYNONYM [ schema. ] synonym [FORCE] ;

DROP TABLE

DROP TABLE [ schema. ] table
  [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] [ PURGE ] ;

DROP TABLESPACE

DROP TABLESPACE tablespace
  [ { DROP | KEEP } QUOTA ]
  [ INCLUDING CONTENTS [ { AND | KEEP } DATAFILES ] [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] ]
  ;

DROP TRIGGER

DROP TRIGGER [ schema. ] trigger ;

DROP TYPE

DROP TYPE [ schema. ] type_name [ FORCE | VALIDATE ] ;

DROP TYPE BODY

DROP TYPE BODY [ schema. ] type_name ;

DROP USER

DROP USER user [ CASCADE ] ;

DROP VIEW

DROP VIEW [ schema. ] view [ CASCADE CONSTRAINTS ] ;

EXPLAIN PLAN

EXPLAIN PLAN
   [ SET STATEMENT_ID = string ]
   [ INTO [ schema. ] table [ @ dblink ] ]
FOR statement ;

FLASHBACK DATABASE

FLASHBACK [ STANDBY ] DATABASE [ database ]
   { TO { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
        | RESTORE POINT restore_point
        }
   }
   | { TO BEFORE { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
                 | RESETLOGS
                 }
   } ;

FLASHBACK TABLE

FLASHBACK TABLE
   [ schema. ] table
     [, [ schema. ] table ]...
   TO { { { SCN | TIMESTAMP } expr
        | RESTORE POINT restore_point
        } [ { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGERS ]
      | BEFORE DROP [ RENAME TO table ]
      } ;

GRANT

GRANT
  { { { grant_system_privileges | grant_object_privileges }
      [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] }
  | grant_roles_to_programs
  } ;

INSERT

INSERT [ hint ]
   { single_table_insert | multi_table_insert } ;

LOCK TABLE

LOCK TABLE [ schema. ] { table | view }
   [ partition_extension_clause
   | @ dblink
   ] [, [ schema. ] { table | view }
      [ partition_extension_clause
      | @ dblink
      ]
     ]...
   IN lockmode MODE
   [ NOWAIT
   | WAIT integer
   ] ;

MERGE

MERGE [ hint ]
   INTO [ schema. ] { table | view } [ t_alias ]
   USING { [ schema. ] { table | view }
         | subquery 
         } [ t_alias ]
   ON ( condition )
   [ merge_update_clause ]
   [ merge_insert_clause ]
   [ error_logging_clause ] ;

NOAUDIT (Traditional Auditing)

NOAUDIT 
   { audit_operation_clause [ auditing_by_clause ]
   | audit_schema_object_clause
   | NETWORK
   | DIRECT_PATH LOAD [ auditing_by_clause ]
   }
   [ WHENEVER [ NOT ] SUCCESSFUL ]
   [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] ;

NOAUDIT (Unified Auditing)

NOAUDIT
  { POLICY policy
  | CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]...
    [, CONTEXT NAMESPACE namespace ATTRIBUTES attribute [, attribute ]... ]...
  }
  [ BY user [, user]... ] ;

PURGE

PURGE { { TABLE table | INDEX index }
      | { RECYCLEBIN | DBA_RECYCLEBIN }
      | TABLESPACE tablespace [ USER username ]
      } ;

RENAME

RENAME old_name TO new_name ;

REVOKE

REVOKE
  { { revoke_system_privileges | revoke_object_privileges }
    [ CONTAINER = { CURRENT | ALL } ] }
  | revoke_roles_from_programs ;

ROLLBACK

ROLLBACK [ WORK ]
   [ TO [ SAVEPOINT ] savepoint
   | FORCE string
   ] ;

SAVEPOINT

SAVEPOINT savepoint ;

SELECT

subquery [ for_update_clause ] ;

SET CONSTRAINT[S]

SET { CONSTRAINT | CONSTRAINTS }
    { constraint [, constraint ]...
    | ALL
    }
    { IMMEDIATE | DEFERRED } ;

SET ROLE

SET ROLE
   { role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ]
     [, role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ] ]...
   | ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
   | NONE
   } ;

SET TRANSACTION

SET TRANSACTION
   { { READ { ONLY | WRITE }
     | ISOLATION LEVEL
       { SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED }
     | USE ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment
     } [ NAME string ]
   | NAME string
   } ;

TRUNCATE_CLUSTER

TRUNCATE CLUSTER [schema.] cluster
  [ {DROP | REUSE} STORAGE ] ;

TRUNCATE_TABLE

TRUNCATE TABLE [schema.] table
  [ {PRESERVE | PURGE} MATERIALIZED VIEW LOG ]
  [ {DROP [ ALL ] | REUSE} STORAGE ] [ CASCADE ] ;

UPDATE

UPDATE [ hint ]
   { dml_table_expression_clause
   | ONLY (dml_table_expression_clause)
   } [ t_alias ]
   update_set_clause
   [ where_clause ]
   [ returning_clause ]
   [error_logging_clause] ;
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