Rubyの開発ツール
TruffleRubyには、GraalVMによって自動的に提供されるツールが付属しています。オプションの完全なリストを表示するには、--help:toolsを実行します。
次のプログラムを使用して説明します:
require 'chunky_png'
a = ChunkyPNG::Image.from_file('a.png')
b = ChunkyPNG::Image.from_file('b.png')
c = a.compose(b, 0, 0)
c.save('c.png')
VisualVM
VisualVMを使用するには、--jvmランタイム構成を使用し、GraalVMをインストールする必要があります。
VisualVMは、多くのツールを備えたGUIです:
- CPU使用率、ヒープ・サイズ、GCに要した時間などのモニタリング(タブ: 「モニター」)
- ヒープ・ダンプの取得および探索(タブ: 「モニター」)
- スレッドとそのステータスおよびスレッド・ダンプのリスト(タブ: 「スレッド」)
- JavaレベルのCPUおよびメモリー・サンプリング・プロファイラ(タブ: サンプラ)
- RubyレベルのCPUサンプリング・プロファイラ(タブ: Polyglotサンプラ)
VisualVMの詳細は、GraalVM Webサイトを参照してください。
プロファイリング
CPUトレーサ
CPUトレーサは、メソッド、ブロックまたは文の実行回数を記録し、ヒストグラムを出力します。--cputracerを使用して有効にします:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tracing Histogram. Counted a total of 41663 element executions.
Total Count: Number of times the element was executed and percentage of total executions.
Interpreted Count: Number of times the element was interpreted and percentage of total executions of this element.
Compiled Count: Number of times the compiled element was executed and percentage of total executions of this element.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name | Total Count | Interpreted Count | Compiled Count | Location
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ChunkyPNG::Color#a | 6474 15.5% | 6474 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~296-298:12189-12237
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_paeth | 5248 12.6% | 5248 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~476:25098-25131
ChunkyPNG::Color#int8_mult | 3619 8.7% | 3619 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~344-347:13821-13900
ChunkyPNG::Canvas#width | 3205 7.7% | 3205 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas.rb~50:1853-1874
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_str_scanline_up | 3072 7.4% | 3072 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~404:20111-20145
ChunkyPNG::Canvas#get_pixel | 2048 4.9% | 2048 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas.rb~184-186:7144-7203
ChunkyPNG::Color#opaque? | 1872 4.5% | 1872 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~304-306:12410-12468
ChunkyPNG::Color#fully_transparent? | 1500 3.6% | 1500 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~327-329:13138-13207
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_up | 1408 3.4% | 1408 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~453:24009-24042
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_sub | 1280 3.1% | 1280 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~443:23517-23550
ChunkyPNG::Color#b | 1037 2.5% | 1037 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~288-290:11969-12024
ChunkyPNG::Color#r | 1036 2.5% | 1036 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~272-274:11534-11590
ChunkyPNG::Color#g | 1035 2.5% | 1035 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~280-282:11752-11808
ChunkyPNG::Color#compose_quick | 1024 2.5% | 1024 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~358-368:14300-14740
ChunkyPNG::Canvas#set_pixel | 1024 2.5% | 1024 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas.rb~149-151:5706-5780
block (2 levels) in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::Operations#compose! | 1024 2.5% | 1024 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/operations.rb~58:2331-2367
block in ChunkyPNG::Palette#opaque? | 848 2.0% | 848 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~89:3319-3361
SortedSet#add | 848 2.0% | 848 100.0% | 0 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~741-745:1000-1169
ChunkyPNG::Color#rgba | 518 1.2% | 518 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~100-102:3905-3973
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_average | 256 0.6% | 256 100.0% | 0 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~464:24513-24546
rb_str_new | 199 0.5% | 199 100.0% | 0 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~837:23634-23684
is_managed_rstring_ptr | 193 0.5% | 193 100.0% | 0 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~832:23499-23538
is_rstring_ptr | 193 0.5% | 193 100.0% | 0 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~828:23430-23461
strlen | 190 0.5% | 190 100.0% | 0 0.0% | string.c~56:0
rb_str_new_cstr | 190 0.5% | 190 100.0% | 0 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~858:24268-24310
RB_NIL_P | 138 0.3% | 138 100.0% | 0 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~413:11068-11094
zlib C拡張機能によってコールされたC関数strlenおよびCプリプロセッサ・マクロRB_NIL_Pがどのように表示されるかに注意してください。
CPUサンプラ
CPUトレーサは、メソッド、ブロックまたは文の実行に要した累積時間を記録し、ヒストグラムを出力します。--cpusamplerを使用して有効にします:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sampling Histogram. Recorded 3895 samples with period 1ms.
Self Time: Time spent on the top of the stack.
Total Time: Time spent somewhere on the stack.
Opt %: Percent of time spent in compiled and therefore non-interpreted code.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thread: Thread[main,5,main]
Name | Total Time | Opt % || Self Time | Opt % | Location
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<main> | 3635ms 93.3% | 0.0% || 1086ms 27.9% | 0.0% | test.rb~1-6:0-140
<top (required)> | 1068ms 27.4% | 0.0% || 708ms 18.2% | 0.0% | chunky_png.rb~1-179:0-5528
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_str_scanline_up | 643ms 16.5% | 0.0% || 643ms 16.5% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~404:20111-20145
__sulong_dispose_context | 260ms 6.7% | 0.0% || 257ms 6.6% | 0.0% | sulong_dispose_context.c~33:0
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_paeth | 58ms 1.5% | 0.0% || 58ms 1.5% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~476:25098-25131
do_checksum | 77ms 2.0% | 0.0% || 47ms 1.2% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~389:12721-12796
ChunkyPNG::Palette#initialize | 52ms 1.3% | 0.0% || 41ms 1.1% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~21-24:954-1074
block in Gem::Specification.load | 39ms 1.0% | 0.0% || 39ms 1.0% | 0.0% | bigdecimal-1.4.1.gemspec~5:126-154
rb_define_method | 50ms 1.3% | 0.0% || 36ms 0.9% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~2185:61849-61941
rb_tr_init | 44ms 1.1% | 0.0% || 34ms 0.9% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~93:2351-2384
<top (required)> | 42ms 1.1% | 0.0% || 33ms 0.8% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas.rb~1-372:0-13593
__sulong_byte_array_to_native | 30ms 0.8% | 0.0% || 30ms 0.8% | 0.0% | crt0.c~59:0
rb_str_new | 33ms 0.8% | 0.0% || 29ms 0.7% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~837:23634-23684
__sulong_init_context | 68ms 1.7% | 0.0% || 26ms 0.7% | 0.0% | crt0.c~80:0
Init_zlib | 145ms 3.7% | 0.0% || 24ms 0.6% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~4465:112360-112374
rb_zlib_crc32 | 101ms 2.6% | 0.0% || 24ms 0.6% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~473:14760-14808
rb_data_typed_object_wrap | 21ms 0.5% | 0.0% || 21ms 0.5% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~2834:79544-79639
rb_tr_load_library | 22ms 0.6% | 0.0% || 20ms 0.5% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~2906:81858-81897
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_str_scanline_up | 662ms 17.0% | 0.0% || 19ms 0.5% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~403-409:20027-20347
rb_define_class_id_under | 18ms 0.5% | 0.0% || 18ms 0.5% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~2165:61106-61178
ChunkyPNG::Chunk.read | 137ms 3.5% | 0.0% || 17ms 0.4% | 0.0% | chunky_png/chunk.rb~18-26:783-1054
Datastream | 15ms 0.4% | 0.0% || 15ms 0.4% | 0.0% | chunky_png/datastream.rb~11:364-381
ChunkyPNG::Color#compose_quick | 37ms 0.9% | 0.0% || 14ms 0.4% | 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~358-368:14300-14740
rb_deflate_s_deflate | 27ms 0.7% | 0.0% || 13ms 0.3% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1622:44042-44097
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGDecoding#decode_png_str_scanline_paeth | 71ms 1.8% | 0.0% || 13ms 0.3% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb~475-488:25010-25650
ChunkyPNG::Palette.from_canvas | 64ms 1.6% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~63-68:2377-2629
__sulong_byte_arrays_to_native | 42ms 1.1% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | crt0.c~69:0
ChunkyPNG::Chunk::ImageData.combine_chunks | 167ms 4.3% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | chunky_png/chunk.rb~247-253:9766-9980
rb_inflate_initialize | 19ms 0.5% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1887:51522-51576
strlen | 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | string.c~56:0
zstream_run | 76ms 2.0% | 0.0% || 12ms 0.3% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1024:27867-27929
デフォルトでは、このヒストグラムが表示されますが、--cpusampler.Output=calltreeを使用してコール・ツリーを表示することもできます。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sampling CallTree. Recorded 3102 samples with period 1ms.
Self Time: Time spent on the top of the stack.
Total Time: Time spent somewhere on the stack.
Opt %: Percent of time spent in compiled and therefore non-interpreted code.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thread: Thread[main,5,main]
Name | Total Time | Opt % || Self Time | Opt % | Location
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#save | 582ms 18.8% | 0.0% || 5ms 0.2% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~42-44:1754-1871
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#save | 577ms 18.6% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~43:1797-1861
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#write | 577ms 18.6% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~34-36:1430-1521
ChunkyPNG::Image#to_datastream | 571ms 18.4% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/image.rb~61-65:2314-2447
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#to_datastream | 569ms 18.3% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~74-89:3715-4561
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_pixelstream | 489ms 15.8% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~153-165:7702-8570
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_image_without_interlacing | 489ms 15.8% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~172-176:8925-9195
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_image_pass_to_stream | 489ms 15.8% | 0.0% || 3ms 0.1% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~203-231:10502-11685
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_image_pass_to_stream | 481ms 15.5% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~225:11418-11456
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_str_scanline_up | 481ms 15.5% | 0.0% || 11ms 0.4% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~403-409:20027-20347
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_str_scanline_up | 470ms 15.2% | 0.0% || 470ms 15.2% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~404:20111-20145
block in ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_image_pass_to_stream | 5ms 0.2% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~219:11252-11284
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#encode_png_pixels_to_scanline_truecolor_8bit | 4ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 4ms 0.1% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~236-238:11896-12009
ChunkyPNG::Canvas::PNGEncoding#determine_png_encoding | 60ms 1.9% | 0.0% || 2ms 0.1% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb~102-145:5085-7303
ChunkyPNG::Canvas#palette | 51ms 1.6% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/canvas.rb~268-270:10089-10154
ChunkyPNG::Palette.from_canvas | 51ms 1.6% | 0.0% || 9ms 0.3% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~63-68:2377-2629
ChunkyPNG::Palette#initialize | 42ms 1.4% | 0.0% || 30ms 1.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~21-24:954-1074
SortedSet#initialize | 12ms 0.4% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~726-729:725-819
SortedSet#merge | 12ms 0.4% | 0.0% || 6ms 0.2% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~770-773:1759-1847
SortedSet#add | 6ms 0.2% | 0.0% || 6ms 0.2% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~741-745:1000-1169
ChunkyPNG::Palette#best_color_settings | 7ms 0.2% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~195-211:7150-7613
ChunkyPNG::Palette#opaque? | 3ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~88-90:3303-3369
SortedSet#each | 3ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 2ms 0.1% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~775-779:1850-2004
block in ChunkyPNG::Palette#opaque? | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~89:3319-3361
ChunkyPNG::Color#opaque? | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~304-306:12410-12468
ChunkyPNG::Color#a | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/color.rb~296-298:12189-12237
ChunkyPNG::Palette#black_and_white? | 3ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~104-106:3841-3940
SortedSet#each | 2ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~775-779:1850-2004
SortedSet#to_a | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~781-784:2007-2116
ChunkyPNG::Palette#grayscale? | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | chunky_png/palette.rb~96-98:3570-3642
SortedSet#each | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | lib/mri/set.rb~775-779:1850-2004
ChunkyPNG::Chunk::ImageData.split_in_chunks | 19ms 0.6% | 0.0% || 7ms 0.2% | 0.0% | chunky_png/chunk.rb~255-259:9983-10267
rb_deflate_s_deflate | 12ms 0.4% | 0.0% || 4ms 0.1% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1622:44042-44097
rb_ensure | 5ms 0.2% | 0.0% || 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~2107:59266-59360
deflate_run | 4ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1589:43218-43240
zstream_run | 4ms 0.1% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~1024:27867-27929
zstream_append_input | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/zlib/zlib.c~827:23738-23804
rb_str_buf_cat | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~981:27520-27591
rb_str_cat | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~882:24901-24968
rb_enc_str_new | 1ms 0.0% | 0.0% || 0ms 0.0% | 0.0% | src/main/c/cext/ruby.c~1301:37035-37101
カバレッジ
カバレッジ・ツールは、文、行およびルートごとにカバレッジを報告します。ルートは、関数のルート、つまり対象となったメソッドとブロックの数を意味します。--coverageを使用して有効にします:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Code coverage histogram.
Shows what percent of each element was covered during execution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Path | Statements | Lines | Roots
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png.rb | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas.rb | 58.40% | 69.41% | 35.90%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/adam7_interlacing.rb | 28.57% | 50.00% | 28.57%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/data_url_exporting.rb | 80.00% | 83.33% | 80.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/data_url_importing.rb | 57.14% | 70.00% | 80.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/drawing.rb | 8.28% | 44.02% | 13.33%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/masking.rb | 28.57% | 51.72% | 44.44%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/operations.rb | 42.42% | 65.07% | 21.95%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/png_decoding.rb | 52.84% | 68.27% | 26.98%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/png_encoding.rb | 44.44% | 62.07% | 40.43%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/resampling.rb | 17.46% | 48.51% | 25.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/stream_exporting.rb | 61.54% | 72.22% | 44.44%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/canvas/stream_importing.rb | 31.82% | 45.83% | 40.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/chunk.rb | 82.84% | 86.32% | 68.42%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/color.rb | 41.82% | 59.00% | 33.93%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/compatibility.rb | 75.00% | 66.67% | 75.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/datastream.rb | 83.56% | 87.50% | 80.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/dimension.rb | 42.11% | 62.07% | 23.08%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/image.rb | 85.00% | 90.32% | 90.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/palette.rb | 41.18% | 63.46% | 42.31%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/point.rb | 42.86% | 62.96% | 25.00%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/vector.rb | 40.98% | 63.10% | 10.34%
chunky_png-1.3.11/lib/chunky_png/version.rb | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00%
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
デバッグ
Chromeインスペクタ
GraalVMでは、Chrome DevTools Protocolを使用してChrome Developer Toolsなどのデバッガにアタッチすることで、RubyプログラムおよびGraalVMでサポートされているその他の言語をデバッグできます。
--inspectを指定して実行し、Chromeで指定されたURLを開き、ファイル・システムをソース・リストにドラッグして、ブレークポイントを設定し、実行を再開します。デバッガをアタッチして単純なブレークポイントを設定しても、パフォーマンスは低下しません。
NetBeans
NetBeansを使用してGraalVM言語をデバッグすることもできます。--jvm --vm.agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,address=8000,suspend=yを指定して実行し、Javaプログラムをデバッグする場合と同様にプロセスにアタッチします。次に、GraalVMスクリプトの一時停止の切替え(Gが重なった一時停止アイコン)をクリックして中断すると、Rubyコードに進入します。Javaスタック・フレームとローカル変数ではなく、Rubyスタック・フレームとローカル変数が表示されます。
