Write Rules In Japanese

Policy Modeling supports rule authoring in Japanese.

For the syntax for rule functions in Japanese, see Function reference (Japanese).

When writing rules in Japanese, the concepts listed in the following table require special consideration.

Table 1. Special considerations when creating attributes and writing rules in Japanese
Concept	Special consideration
Verb forms	Verb forms in the Japanese verb file end in a -u such as iku, kangaeru. For each verb there are present tense forms (both polite and plain forms) and past tense forms (both polite and plain forms). For each of the polite and plain forms, the following verb conjugations are provided: positive and negative passive positive and passive negative potential positive and potential negative progressive positive and progressive negative The automatic verb conjugations work for the majority of the ichidan and godan verbs. The conjugations for irregular verbs, and verbs where the use of kanji characters introduces ambiguity as to whether the verb is ichidan or godan, will have to be entered manually. For more information, see Configure the List of Recognized Verbs. The copula だ (da) which is the infinitive form of です (desu), and である (de aru) which is the infinitive form of であります, have been included in the verbs list.
Verb recognition	In a Subject-Object-Verb sentence, the verb at the end is taken to be the active verb. When a compound verb is present, the active verb is selected based on the longest match. For example, the verbs nakatta (なかった) and kawa nakatta (買わなかった) are both present in the file. In this case, if a sentence has kawa nakatta as its active verb (ie the verb at the end), the parser will recognize the compound verb kawa nakatta instead of just nakatta. In cases where the sentence uses a compound verb, where the compound verb itself has not been entered in the file, the parser will try to recognize the longest match it can find. For example, if nakatta is in the file, and the verb shitagawa nakatta is not in the file then the parses generated for the sentence containing shitagawa nakatta will be based on the conjugations of the verb nakatta. To avoid this problem, you need to add the missing verb. For compound verbs where only the second verb is inflected, for examplebenkyō + suru, suru is taken to be the active verb. For such noun + suru verbs, there is no need to enter the compound verbs separately if suru is in the verbs list.
Adjectives	If adjectives are present within the sentence, they are not inflected. In a verbless sentence, the adjectives may be inflected. There are two form of Japanese adjectives, the -na adjectives and the -i adjectives. The -na adjectives are followed by some form of copula. In such sentences, the copula inflects to indicate tense, mood, aspect, etc. The adjective remains unmodified. The -i adjectives can occur on their own at the end of the sentence or they may be followed by some form of copula. If an -i adjective is present in a verbless sentence, then the -i adjective is inflected. The copula remains untouched. In both the above scenarios, and also for a Subject-Object-Verb sentence when the uncertain form is constructed, the copula is omitted.
Other verb forms	The handling of the remaining Japanese verb inflections in Policy Modeling is explained below: Presumptive mood – expresses probability, belief or intention (~daro/~desho forms). These forms are unlikely to occur in Policy Modeling rules. Imperative mood – expresses commands. These forms are unlikely to occur in Policy Modeling rules. Causative mood – conveys the idea of making or causing someone to do something. These forms are unlikely to occur in Policy Modeling rules. Conditional mood – conveys 'if', 'unless', 'when' meaning (~eba/~tara/~nara/~to forms). These forms are handled in Policy Modeling by creating two separate sentences where the first one is formatted as the conclusion and the second one as the level 1 condition. For an example, see Table 2. Clauses – conveys sequential, parallel or causal relationships (such as the ~te and ~de forms). These forms are handled in Policy Modeling by creating two separate sentences. For an example of a Japanese sentence that represents two conditions that need to occur simultaneously, see Table 2. Necessity – expresses 'must' or 'necessity' using the to-ikenai form (といけない). In Policy Modeling, the parser provides the nakereba nara nai (なければならない) form for expressing the notion of 'must' or necessity. This form conjugates only for past and present tense; no conjugations are required for politeness level. If this form does not suit the sentence being expressed in Policy Modeling, then the sentence can be restructured as follows: Rephrase the sentence to use a noun + copula form. Rephrase the sentence to use a different verb. For example, change 'The person must have a pension card' to 'The person owns a pension card'. Counter words – the parser only supports limited number of counter words, such as those for age and number of people.

Table 2. Examples of Japanese sentences for the conditional mood and clauses
Verb form	Japanese sentence	Should be written in Policy Modeling as
Conditional mood	The person is eligible if the person pays tax. 当人は税金を払ったら、適格である。	当人は適格である。当人は税金を払います。 The person is eligible. The person pays tax.
Clauses	The person is retired and the person’s age is greater than 65. 当人は退職していて、（年齢が）６５歳以上である。	This will be reflected by the 'and' (oyobi) rather than inflecting the verb to the -te form. This should be written as two attributes: The person is retired and The person’s age is greater than 65 当人は退職している。および当人は（年齢が）６５歳以上である。