Manually Upgrading Non-CDB Architecture Oracle Databases

This procedure provides steps for upgrading non-CDB architecture Oracle Databases.

Note:

Starting with Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1), non-CDB architecture is deprecated. It can be desupported in a future release.

Before using this procedure, complete the following steps:

Install the Oracle Database software
Prepare the new Oracle home
Run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool

Steps:

If you have not done so, run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool. Review the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool output and correct all issues noted in the output before proceeding.

For example, on Linux or Unix systems:
```
 $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin/java -jar /opt/oracle/product/18.0.0/rdbms/admin/preupgrade.jar FILE TEXT
```
Ensure that you have a proper backup strategy in place.
If you have not done so, prepare the new Oracle home.
(Conditional) For Oracle RAC environments only, enter the following commands to set the initialization parameter value for CLUSTER_DATABASE to FALSE:
```
ALTER SYSTEM SET CLUSTER_DATABASE=FALSE SCOPE=SPFILE;
```
Shut down the database. For example:
```
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
```
If your operating system is Windows, then complete the following steps:
1. Stop the OracleServiceSID Oracle service of the database you are upgrading, where SID is the instance name. For example, if your SID is ORCL, then enter the following at a command prompt:
```
C:\> NET STOP OracleServiceORCL
```
2. Delete the Oracle service at a command prompt using ORADIM. Refer to your platform guide for a complete list of the ORADIM syntax and commands.
  
  For example, if your SID is ORCL, then enter the following command.
```
C:\> ORADIM -DELETE -SID ORCL
```
3. Create the service for the new release Oracle Database at a command prompt using the ORADIM command of the new Oracle Database release.
  
  Use the following syntax, where SID is your database SID, PASSWORD is your system password, USERS is the value you want to set for maximum number of users, and ORACLE_HOME is your Oracle home:
```
C:\> ORADIM -NEW -SID SID -SYSPWD PASSWORD -MAXUSERS USERS
     -STARTMODE AUTO -PFILE ORACLE_HOME\DATABASE\INITSID.ORA
```
  Most Oracle Database services log on to the system using the privileges of the Oracle software installation owner. The service runs with the privileges of this user. The ORADIM command prompts you to provide the password to this user account. You can specify other options using ORADIM.
  
  In the following example, if your SID is ORCL, your password (SYSPWD) is TWxy5791, the maximum number of users (MAXUSERS) is 10, and the Oracle home path is C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\18.0.0\DB, then enter the following command:
```
C:\> ORADIM -NEW -SID ORCL -SYSPWD TWxy5791 -MAXUSERS 10
-STARTMODE AUTO -PFILE C:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\18.0.0\DB\DATABASE\INITORCL.ORA
```
  ORADIM writes a log file to the ORACLE_HOME\database directory.
  
  Note:
  If you use an Oracle Home User account to own the Oracle home, then the ORADIM command prompts you for that user name and password.
If your operating system is Linux or UNIX, then perform the following checks:
1. Your ORACLE_SID is set correctly
2. The oratab file points to the new Oracle home
3. The following environment variables point to the new Oracle Database directories:
  - ORACLE_HOME
  - PATH
4. Any scripts that clients use to set the $ORACLE_HOME environment variable must point to the new Oracle home.
Note:

If you are upgrading an Oracle Real Application Clusters database, then perform these checks on all Oracle Grid Infrastructure nodes where the Oracle Real Application Clusters database has instances configured.
Log in to the system as the Oracle installation owner for the new Oracle Database release.
Start SQL*Plus in the new Oracle home from the admin directory in the new Oracle home directory.

For example:
```
$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/18.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin
$ sqlplus
```
Copy the SPFILE.ORA or INIT.ORA file from the old Oracle home to the new Oracle home.
Connect to the database that you want to upgrade using an account with SYSDBA privileges:
```
SQL> connect / as sysdba
```
Start the non-CDB Oracle Database in upgrade mode:
```
SQL> startup upgrade
```
If errors appear listing desupported initialization parameters, then make a note of the desupported initialization parameters and continue with the upgrade. Remove the desupported initialization parameters the next time you shut down the database.

Note:

Starting up the database in UPGRADE mode enables you to open a database based on an earlier Oracle Database release. It also restricts log-ins to AS SYSDBA sessions, disables system triggers, and performs additional operations that prepare the environment for the upgrade.
Exit SQL*Plus.

For example:
```
SQL> EXIT
```
Run the Parallel Upgrade Utility (catctl.pl) script, using the upgrade options that you require for your upgrade.

You can run the Parallel Upgrade Utility as a command-line shell command by using the dbupgrade shell command, which is located in Oracle_home/bin. If you set the PATH environment variable to include Oracle_home/bin, then you can run the command directly from your command line. For example:
```
$ dbupgrade -d /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0/dbhome_1
```
Note:
- When you run the Parallel Upgrade Utility command, use the -d option to specify the filepath for the target Oracle home. Use the -l option to specify the directory that you want to use for spool log files.
The database is shut down after a successful upgrade. Restart the instance so that you reinitialize the system parameters for normal operation. For example:
```
SQL> STARTUP
```
This restart, following the database shutdown, flushes all caches, clears buffers, and performs other housekeeping activities. These measures are an important final step to ensure the integrity and consistency of the upgraded Oracle Database software.

Note:

If you encountered a message listing desupported initialization parameters when you started the database, then remove the desupported initialization parameters from the parameter file before restarting it. If necessary, convert the SPFILE to a PFILE, so that you can edit the file to delete parameters.
Run catcon.pl to start utlrp.sql, and to recompile any remaining invalid objects.

For example:
```
$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl catcon.pl -n 1 -e -b utlrp -d '''.''' utlrp.sql
```
Because you run the command using -b utlrp, the log file utlrp0.log is generated as the script is run. The log file provides results of the recompile.
Run postupgrade_fixups.sql. For example:
```
SQL> @postupgrade_fixups.sql
```
Note:

If you did not specify to place the script in a different location, then it is in the default path Oracle_base/cfgtoollogs/SID/preupgrade, where Oracle_base is your Oracle base home path, and SID is your unique database name.
Run utlu122s.sql. The script verifies that all issues are fixed.

For example:
```
SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utllu122s.sql
```
The log file utlu122s0.log is generated as the script is run, which provides the upgrade results. You can also review the upgrade report in upg_summary.log.

To see information about the state of the database, run utlu122s.sql as many times as you want, at any time after the upgrade is completed. If the utlu122s.sql script returns errors, or shows components that do not have the status VALID, or if the version listed for the component is not the most recent release, then refer to the troubleshooting section in this guide.
Ensure that the time zone data files are current by using the DBMS_DST PL/SQL package to upgrade the time zone file. You can also adjust the time zone data files after the upgrade.
Exit from SQL*Plus

For example:
```
SQL> EXIT
```
(Conditional) If you are upgrading an Oracle Real Application Clusters database, then use the following command syntax to upgrade the database configuration in Oracle Clusterware:
```
srvctl upgrade database -db db-unique-name -oraclehome oraclehome
```
In this syntax example, db-unique-name is the database name (not the instance name), and oraclehome is the Oracle home location in which the database is being upgraded. The SRVCTL utility supports long GNU-style options, in addition to short command-line interface (CLI) options used in earlier releases.
(Conditional) For Oracle RAC environments only, after you have upgraded all nodes, enter the following commands to set the initialization parameter value for CLUSTER_DATABASE to TRUE, and start the database, where db_unique_name is the name of the Oracle RAC database:
```
ALTER SYSTEM SET CLUSTER_DATABASE=TRUE SCOPE=SPFILE;
srvctl start database -db db_unique_name
```

Your database is now upgraded. You are ready to complete post-upgrade procedures.

Caution:

If you retain the old Oracle software, then never start the upgraded database with the old software. Only start Oracle Database using the start command in the new Oracle Database home.

Before you remove the old Oracle environment, relocate any data files in that environment to the new Oracle Database environment.