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## 11 Managing Storage

Understand the storage options and how to manage storage for your Oracle Database Appliance deployment.

- About Managing Storage
  Understand Oracle Database Appliance storage options.
- About Managing Oracle ASM Disks
  Understand the Oracle ASM disk management features that Oracle Database Appliance supports.
- Managing Storage on Single-Node Systems
  Understand the storage options for your Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S and X9-2L systems.
- Managing Storage on High-Availability Systems
  Understand the storage for your Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA system.

### About Managing Storage

Understand Oracle Database Appliance storage options.

Oracle Database Appliance uses raw storage to protect data in the following ways:

- Fast Recovery Area (FRA) backup. FRA is a storage area (directory on disk or Oracle ASM diskgroup) that contains redo logs, control file, archived logs, backup pieces and copies, and flashback logs.

- Mirroring. Double or triple mirroring provides protection against mechanical issues.

The amount of available storage is determined by the location of the FRA backup (external or internal) and if double or triple mirroring is used. External NFS storage is supported for online backups, data staging, or additional database files.

Oracle Database Appliance X9-2L and X9-2-HA models provide storage expansion options from the base configuration. In addition, on Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA multi-node platforms, you can add an optional storage expansion shelf.

The redundancy level for FLASH is based on the DATA and RECO selection. If you choose High redundancy (triple mirroring), then FLASH is also High redundancy.

Parent topic: Managing Storage

### About Managing Oracle ASM Disks

Understand the Oracle ASM disk management features that Oracle Database Appliance supports.

Oracle Database Appliance enables you to manage your Oracle ASM disks.

Bringing Oracle ASM Disk Groups Online Automatically

Oracle Database Appliance periodically checks the status of Oracle ASM disks in disk groups. If any Oracle ASM disk is OFFLINE due to transient disk errors, then Oracle Database Appliance attempts to bring the disk ONLINE.

Optimizing Oracle ASM Disk Group Rebalance Operations

Oracle Database Appliance ensures rebalancing of Oracle ASM disks to complete as quickly as possible, without overloading the system and the disks at the same time. This ensures that the system is in a steady state running with the appropriate redundancy. There are default thresholds for the values for rebalancing operations, and you can also set the custom threshold values. For example:

    odacli modify-agentconfig-parameters -n ASMRM_CPU_RQ -v 50 -d "CPU RUN QUEUE THRESHOLD" -u
    odacli modify-agentconfig-parameters -n ASMRM_MAX_HDD_DISK_RQ -v 2 -d "HDD DISK QUEUE THRESHOLD" -u
    odacli modify-agentconfig-parameters -n ASMRM_MAX_SSD_DISK_RQ -v 32 -d "SSD DISK QUEUE THRESHOLD" -u
    odacli modify-agentconfig-parameters -n ASMRM_MAX_NVME_DISK_RQ -v 50 -d "NVME DISK QUEUE THRESHOLD" -u

The above command options set custom threshold limits for rebalance monitoring of Oracle ASM disks.

You can monitor rebalance operations using the `odacli describe-schedule -i Schedule ID` and `odacli list-scheduled-executions` commands.

Parent topic: Managing Storage

### Managing Storage on Single-Node Systems

Understand the storage options for your Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S and X9-2L systems.

- About Storage on Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S and X9-2L
  Understand the storage for your Oracle Database Appliance single-node system.
- Adding NVMe Storage Disks
  Depending on the available drives, you can expand Oracle Database Appliance X9-2 storage to add NVMe disks or replace existing NVMe disks.
- Replacing NVMe Storage Disks
  Understand how you can replace existing NVMe disks on Oracle Database Appliance.

Parent topic: Managing Storage

#### About Storage on Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S and X9-2L

Understand the storage for your Oracle Database Appliance single-node system.

Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S has two 6.8TB NVMe disks that host DATA and RECO disk groups. There are two partitions, one each for DATA and RECO for Oracle ASM storage information. The storage capacity is fixed and cannot be expanded.

Oracle Database Appliance X9-2L has two 6.8TB NVMe disks that host DATA and RECO disk groups. There are two partitions, one each for DATA and RECO for Oracle ASM storage information. When you first deploy and configure X9-2L in this release, you can set the storage on X9-2L in multiple of 2 packs of NVMe drives, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 disks, up to a maximum of 12 disks.

The table describes the NVMe storage configurations with expansion memory and storage options for single-node systems.

Table 11-1 Storage Options for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S and X9-2L

Configuration | Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S | Oracle Database Appliance X9-2L
--- | --- | ---
Base Configuration | 2 x 6.8 TB NVMe = 13.6 TB NVMe | 2 x 6.8 TB NVMe = 13.6 TB NVMe
Storage addition options | None | 10 x 6.8 TB NVMe storage drives for a total storage of 81.6 TB NVMe. Order Qty 1 - 7603394 (Two 6.8 TB 2.5-inch NVMe PCIe 4.0 SSD with coral-d bracket for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2L) Pack of two 6.8 TB NVMe disks to a maximum of 12 disks.

Parent topic: Managing Storage on Single-Node Systems

#### Adding NVMe Storage Disks

Depending on the available drives, you can expand Oracle Database Appliance X9-2 storage to add NVMe disks or replace existing NVMe disks.

Use the ODAADMCLI commands to perform appliance storage maintenance tasks, including perform storage diagnostics and collect diagnostic logs for storage components.

Preparing for a Storage Upgrade

1. Check the disk health of the existing storage disks.

       # odaadmcli show disk

2. Run the the `odaadmcli show disk` and `asmcmd lsdsk -p` commands to view and review the storage disk information in OAKD and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM).

       # odaadmcli show disk

       # asmcmd lsdsk -p

3. Use ORAchk to confirm Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware health.

Adding NVMe Storage Disks

The default configuration for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S or X9-2L includes two (2) NVMe disks. You cannot expand storage for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2S.

For Oracle Database Appliance X9-2L, you can expand storage by adding 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 disks, up to a maximum of 12 disks. When you expand storage, adding odd numbers of NVMe drives is not supported.

WARNING:

Pulling a drive before powering it off will crash the kernel, which can lead to data corruption. Do not pull the drive when the LED is an amber or green color. When you need to replace an NVMe drive, use the software to power off the drive before pulling the drive from the slot. If you have more than one disk to replace, complete the replacement of one disk before starting replacement of the next disk.

Follow all these steps to add NVMe storage disks:

1. Before adding the NVMe disks, ensure that the current disks are online in `oakd` and Oracle ASM. Otherwise, the prechecks fail. For example, for 2-disks expansion to slots 2 and 3, the disks in slots 0 and 1 must be online in Oracle ASM and `oakd`. For 4-disks expansion from slots 2 to 5 when slots 0 to 5 are filled, then all disks in slots 0 to 1 must be online. For 10-disks expansion from slots 2 to 11, all disks in slots 0 to 1 must be online.
2. Insert each disk one at a time in the appropriate slot and wait for the disk to power ON.
3. The disk automatically powers on when you insert the disk in the slot. Wait for one minute and then check disk status. If the disk is in the ON state, then you need not power on the disk manually. If the disk state is OFF as per the disk status, and then power on the disk manually, and then check the status again.

       # odaadmcli power disk status slot_number

       # odaadmcli power disk on slot_number

   For example, to add two (2) NVMe disks, insert the disks in slots 2 and 3.

       # odaadmcli power disk status pd_02
       # odaadmcli power disk on pd_02

       # odaadmcli power disk status pd_03
       # odaadmcli power disk on pd_03

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each disk to be added.
5. Run the `odaadmcli expand storage` command to add the new storage disks. Note: You must run this step to add the storage disk. Otherwise, the newly-added disk is not visible to OAKD and hence does not display when you run the `odaadmcli show disk` or `odaadmcli show storage` commands. The newly-added disk is recognized by OAKD after the `odaadmcli expand storage` command completes running successfully.

       # odaadmcli expand storage -ndisk number_of_disks

   For example, to add two (2) NVMe drives:

       #odaadmcli expand storage -ndisk 2
       Running precheck, it may take a few minutes.
       Precheck passed.

       Initializing NVMe disks. It might take a few minutes.
       Initialization of NVMe disks completed successfully.

       Check the progress of expansion of storage by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       Waiting for expansion to finish. It may take several minutes to complete
       depending upon the number of disks being expanded

       odaadmcli expand storage command completed.

       Check status of newly expanded disk in OAK by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       All of them must be ONLINE status. Check status of newly expanded disk in ASM
       by executing 'asmcmd lsdsk -p', mount status must be CACHED and header status
       should be MEMBER for all the newly added disks. If the status of newly added
       disks in OAK and ASM are different then expand storage command failed.

       Expand Storage Operation Status :
         OAKD : Success
          ASM : Success

       If the command reported status is not 'Success' then manually
       verify the status by following the steps outlined above.

6. Check the status of the new disk in OAKD with the `odaadmcli show disk` command. The disk must have the status `Online` and `Good` in OAKD. Check the status of the new disk in Oracle ASM with the `asmcmd lsdsk -p` command. The disk must be in `CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL` state.

       # odaadmcli show disk

       # asmcmd lsdsk -p

Parent topic: Managing Storage on Single-Node Systems

#### Replacing NVMe Storage Disks

Understand how you can replace existing NVMe disks on Oracle Database Appliance.

Preparing for a Storage Upgrade

1. Update Oracle Database Appliance to the latest Patch Bundle before expanding storage.

       # odacli describe-component

2. Check the disk health of the existing storage disks.

       # odaadmcli show disk

3. Run the the `odaadmcli show disk` and `asmcmd lsdsk -p` commands to view and review the storage disk information in OAKD and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM).

       # odaadmcli show disk

       # asmcmd lsdsk -p

4. Use ORAchk to confirm Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware health.

Replacing NVMe Storage Disks

Follow all these steps to replace NVMe storage disks:

WARNING:

Pulling a drive before powering it off will crash the kernel, which can lead to data corruption. Do not pull the drive when the LED is an amber or green color. When you need to replace an NVMe drive, use the software to power off the drive before pulling the drive from the slot. If you have more than one disk to replace, complete the replacement of one disk before starting replacement of the next disk.

1. Power OFF the NVMe disk before removing it from the slot.
2. Wait for one minute for OAKD to complete the operation for disk removal.
3. Insert the new disk in the slot.
4. Wait for at least 2-3 minutes between inserting each disk for OAKD to complete the operation to add the disk to Oracle ASM and OAK.
5. Check the status of the new disk in OAKD with the `odaadmcli show disk` command. The disk must have the status `Online` and `Good` in OAKD. Check the status of the new disk in Oracle ASM with the `asmcmd lsdsk -p` command. The disk must be in `CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL` state.

       # odaadmcli show disk

       # asmcmd lsdsk -p

Parent topic: Managing Storage on Single-Node Systems

### Managing Storage on High-Availability Systems

Understand the storage for your Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA system.

- About Storage Options for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA
  Oracle Database Appliance High-Availability systems have options for high performance and high capacity storage configurations.
- Adding Solid-State Drives (SSDs) for Data Storage
  Add a pack of solid-state drives (SSDs) for data storage into the existing Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA base configuration to fully populate the base storage shelf.
- Adding the Storage Expansion Shelf
  After the base storage shelf is fully populated, you can add the storage expansion shelf to expand your data storage on your multi-node platform.

Parent topic: Managing Storage

#### About Storage Options for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA

Oracle Database Appliance High-Availability systems have options for high performance and high capacity storage configurations.

The base configuration of Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA hardware model has six slots (slots 0-5) with 7.68 TB drives of SSD raw storage. If you choose to order and deploy the full storage capacity, then you can fill the remaining 18 slots (slots 6-23) with either SSD or HDD drives. For even more storage, you can add a storage expansion shelf to double the storage capacity of your appliance.

In all configurations, the base storage and the storage expansion shelf each have six SSDs for DATA/RECO in the SSD option or FLASH in the HDD option.

Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA does not allocate dedicated SSD drives for REDO disk groups. Instead, the space for REDO logs is allocated on SSD drives as required.

For Oracle ASM storage, the REDO logs are stored in the available disk group space during database creation, based on the database shape selected. For Oracle ACFS storage, the space for REDO logs is allocated during the database storage creation assuming the minimum db shape (odb1s). If you create the database storage without database, then the space allocated for REDO logs is 4 GB, assuming the minimum db shape (odb1s). Subsequently, when you create a database with your required database shape on the existing database storage, the REDO logs space is extended based on shape of the database.

On Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA High Performance configurations, with only SSD drives, the DATA and RECO disk groups use all the SSD drives whether 6, 12, 18, 24, or 48 with storage expansion shelf. REDO logs are stored in the RECO disk group.

On Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA High Capacity configurations, with both HDD and SSD drives, the DATA and RECO disk groups use the HDD drives, and the SSD drives store the FLASH disk group. REDO logs are stored in the FLASH disk group.

On both High Performance and High Capacity configurations, REDO logs are always created on SSD drives, similar to earlier Oracle Database Appliance hardware models. REDO logs are always created with high redundancy irrespective of the redundancy level of the disk group, whether RECO or FLASH.

High Performance

A high performance configuration uses solid state drives (SSDs) for DATA and RECO storage. The base configuration has six disks, each with 7.68 TB SSD raw storage for DATA and RECO.

You can add up to three (3) 6-Pack SSDs on the base configuration, for a total of 184.32 TB SSD raw storage. If you need more storage, you can double the capacity by adding an expansion shelf of SSD drives. The expansion shelf provides an additional 24 SSDs, each with 7.68TB raw storage for DATA and RECO, for a total of another 184.32 TB SSD raw storage.

Adding an expansion shelf requires that the base storage shelf and expansion shelf are fully populated with SSD drives. When you expand the storage, there is no downtime.

A system fully configured for high performance has 368.64 TB SSD raw storage for DATA and RECO.

High Capacity

A high capacity configuration uses a combination of SSD and HDD drives.

The base configuration has six disks, each with 7.68 TB SSD raw storage for FLASH.

The following expansion options are available:

- Base shelf: additional 324 TB HDD raw storage for DATA and RECO (18 HDDs, each with 18 TB storage)

- Expansion Storage shelf: additional shelf storage configuration must be identical to the storage configuration of the base shelf.

A system fully configured for high capacity has a total of 740.16 TB raw storage for DATA, RECO, and FLASH, with 92.16 TB SSD and 648 TB HDD.

Table 11-2 Storage Options for Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA

Configuration | Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA SSD-Only Configuration for High Performance | Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA SSD and HDD Configuration for High Capacity
--- | --- | ---
Base configuration | Base storage shelf contains 6 SSDs of 7.68 TB. 6 x 7.68 TB SSD = 46 TB SSD | Base storage shelf is fully populated with 6-pack SSDs of 7.68 TB and 18-drives of HDDs with 18 TB. 6 x 7.68 TB SSD = 46 TB SSD 18 x 18TB HDD = 324 TB HDD Total storage on the first JBOD = 370 TB, with 46 TB SSD and 324 TB HDD
Storage addition options | Base shelf contains 6 SSDs. Additional 18 SSDs must be added in packs of 6. Base system: 6 x 7.68 TB SSD = 46 TB SSD Adding 6 SSDs: 12x 7.68 TB SSD = 92 TB SSD Adding 12 SSDs: 18 x 7.68 TB SSD = 138 TB SSD Adding 18 SSDs: 24 x 7.68 TB SSD = 184 TB SSD (full shelf) | Not applicable. Base storage shelf is fully populated.
Storage shelf expansion options | The optional expansion storage shelf can only be installed after the base storage shelf is fully populated, and it must have the same configuration as the base storage shelf. Total storage on the base storage shelf = 184 TB SSD Storage on the expansion shelf = 24 x 7.68 TB SSD = 184 TB SSD Total storage including both JBODs = 368.6 TB SSD | The optional expansion storage shelf can only be installed after the base storage shelf is fully populated, and it must have the same configuration as the base storage shelf. Total storage on the base storage shelf = 370 TB, with 46 TB SSD and 324 TB HDD Total storage including both JBODs = 740 TB, with 92 TB SSD and 648 TB HDD

Parent topic: Managing Storage on High-Availability Systems

#### Adding Solid-State Drives (SSDs) for Data Storage

Add a pack of solid-state drives (SSDs) for data storage into the existing Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA base configuration to fully populate the base storage shelf.

If you need to add storage to the base configuration, you can order one, two, or three 6-pack of SSDs to complete the base configuration on Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA.

You must fully populate the base configuration before you can add an expansion shelf to Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA. If you add an expansion shelf, the shelf must have the same disk storage configuration as the base configuration.

Note:

For a high-performance configuration, you can add SSDs to the base storage shelf or add a storage expansion shelf. For high-capacity base configuration with 6-SSDs, if you want to expand storage to use HDDs, then you must reimage and deploy the appliance.
Before adding the disks to the system, ensure that Oracle Database Appliance is on the latest release.

1. Insert disks one at a time in the slots.

   To add one 6-pack of SSDs, insert the disks in slots 6 to 11. To add two 6-pack of SSDs, insert the disks in slots 6 to 17. To add three 6-pack of SSDs, insert the disks in slots 6 to 23.

   Note:

   Allow at least one minute between inserting each disk.
   After all disks are added, go to Step 2.
2. Run the `odaadmcli expand storage` command on any node.

       # odaadmcli expand storage -ndisk number_of_disks_to_be_added -enclosure enclosure_number_of_the_disks_to_be_added

   The enclosure number is 0 when you add storage disks to the first JBOD.

   For example:

       # odaadmcli expand storage -ndisk 6 -enclosure 0
       Running precheck, it may take a few minutes.
       Precheck passed.

       Check the progress of expansion of storage by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       Waiting for expansion to finish. It may take several minutes to complete
       depending upon the number of disks being expanded

       odaadmcli expand storage command completed.

       Check status of newly expanded disk in OAK by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       All of them must be ONLINE status. Check status of newly expanded disk in ASM
       by executing 'asmcmd lsdsk -p', mount status must be CACHED and header status
       should be MEMBER for all the newly added disks. If the status of newly added
       disks in OAK and ASM are different then expand storage command failed.

       Expand Storage Operation Status :
         OAKD : Success
          ASM : Success

       If the command reported status is not 'Success' then manually
       verify the status by following the steps outlined above.

   It takes 10 to 12 minutes to add all of the disks to the configuration.
3. Run the `odaadmcli show disk` command to ensure that all disks are listed, are online, and are in a good state.

       # odaadmcli show disk

4. Verify that the disks in slots 6 to 11 are added to Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM).
   1. Run the `asm_script` to verify that the disks in slots 6 to 11 are added to Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM). If the 6 disks are successfully added (CACHED and MEMBER), then go to Step 7.

          # su gridUser /opt/oracle/oak/bin/stordiag/asm_script.sh 1 6

      For example:

          # su grid /opt/oracle/oak/bin/stordiag/asm_script.sh 1 6 | grep CACHED
          .......
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S06_1399645200p1 SSD_E0_S06_1399645200P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S06_1399645200p2 SSD_E0_S06_1399645200P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S07_1399646692p1 SSD_E0_S07_1399646692P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S07_1399646692p2 SSD_E0_S07_1399646692P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S08_1399649840p1 SSD_E0_S08_1399649840P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S08_1399649840p2 SSD_E0_S08_1399649840P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S09_1399649424p1 SSD_E0_S09_1399649424P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S09_1399649424p2 SSD_E0_S09_1399649424P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S10_1399649846p1 SSD_E0_S10_1399649846P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S10_1399649846p2 SSD_E0_S10_1399649846P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S11_1399649428p1 SSD_E0_S11_1399649428P1 1 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER
          /dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S11_1399649428p2 SSD_E0_S11_1399649428P2 3 NORMAL ONLINE CACHED MEMBER

   2. If the disks are not added to Oracle ASM, then add them manually. As `grid` user, execute the `sqlplus '/as sysasm'` command on the first node to add the disks to Oracle ASM.

      Add the Oracle ASM disks as follows:

          SQL> alter diskgroup /*+ _OAK_AsmCookie */ data add disk
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S06_1399765076p1' name SSD_E0_S06_1399765076p1,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S07_1399765116p1' name SSD_E0_S07_1399765116p1,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S08_1399765484p1' name SSD_E0_S08_1399765484p1,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S09_1399765504p1' name SSD_E0_S09_1399765504p1,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S10_1399765506p1' name SSD_E0_S10_1399765506p1,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S11_1399765508p1' name SSD_E0_S11_1399765508p1;

          SQL> alter diskgroup /*+ _OAK_AsmCookie */ reco add disk
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S06_1399765076p2' name SSD_E0_S06_1399765076p2,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S07_1399765116p2' name SSD_E0_S07_1399765116p2,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S08_1399765484p2' name SSD_E0_S08_1399765484p2,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S09_1399765504p2' name SSD_E0_S09_1399765504p2,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S10_1399765506p2' name SSD_E0_S10_1399765506p2,
          '/dev/mapper/SSD_E0_S11_1399765508p2' name SSD_E0_S11_1399765508p2;

5. Use the `odaadmcli show validation storage errors` command to show hard storage errors.
   Hard errors include having the wrong type of disk inserted into a particular slot, an invalid disk model, or an incorrect disk size.
   `# odaadmcli show validation storage errors`
6. Use the `odaadmcli show validation storage failures` command to show soft validation errors.
   A typical soft disk error would be an invalid version of the disk firmware.
   `# odaadmcli show validation storage failures`
7. Confirm that the `oak_storage_conf.xml` file shows the number of disks added on both nodes. For example, if you added 6 disks to the base configuration, then the `numberOfDisks` option must show 12. If you added 12 disks to the base configuration, then the `numberOfDisks` option must show 18.

       #cat /opt/oracle/oak/conf/oak_storage_conf.xml
       <!--
       This file is created by the ODA software as part of system provisioning
       based on system provisioning requests. Values of element nodes can be
       changed by OAK in response to storage configuration change operation.
       DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE.
       -->
       <CometConfiguration>
         <OakStorageConfigInfo type="string" dimension="vector" readonly="true" required="true" default="">
           <!-- Number of disks part of OAK -->
           <numberOfDisks>12</numberOfDisks>
           <!-- Number of partitions per disk part of DATA diskgroup in single partition scheme -->
           <!-- All ASM diskgroups in single partition scheme will have same number of partition -->
           <numOfDataDiskPartitionInAsm>1</numOfDataDiskPartitionInAsm>
         </OakStorageConfigInfo>
       </CometConfiguration>

Parent topic: Managing Storage on High-Availability Systems

#### Adding the Storage Expansion Shelf

After the base storage shelf is fully populated, you can add the storage expansion shelf to expand your data storage on your multi-node platform.

The expansion shelf is available on Oracle Database Appliance multi-node platforms, such as Oracle Database Appliance X9-2-HA. The addition of the storage expansion shelf includes checks across both nodes. It is important to confirm that SSH does work across the nodes and all users can connect as expected using their shared password.

You must fully populate the base configuration before you can add an expansion shelf. If you add an expansion shelf, the shelf must have the same disk storage configuration as the base storage shelf.

Note:

Oracle recommends that you add a storage expansion shelf when you have relatively little activity on your databases. When the system discovers the new storage, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) automatically rebalances the disk groups. The rebalance operation may degrade database performance until the operation completes.

1. Install and cable the storage expansion shelf, but do not power on the expansion shelf.

   Caution:

   Review cabling instructions carefully to ensure that you have carried out cabling correctly. Incorrect connections can cause data loss when adding a storage expansion shelf to Oracle Database Appliance with existing databases.

2. Verify that both nodes plus the base storage shelf are up and running. Log into each server node and run the`odacli validate-storagetopology` command to confirm that the base configuration cabling is correct.

       # odacli validate-storagetopology
        ...
             INFO  : Check if JBOD powered on
         SUCCESS   : JBOD : Powered-on
             INFO  : Check for correct number of EBODS(2 or 4)
         SUCCESS   : EBOD found : 2                                                                                                                                                                     INFO       : Check for overall status of cable validation on Node0
         SUCCESS   : Overall Cable Validation on Node0
         SUCCESS   : JBOD Nickname set correctly : Oracle Database Appliance - E0

   Run the command to confirm that the two server nodes are properly cabled to the base storage shelf and all disks are online, with a good status, and added to the existing disk groups on both nodes. If there any failures, then fix the cabling before proceeding to the next step.

   Note:

   If the output shows that `EBOD found` is 2, then you only have the base storage shelf. If `EBOD found` is 4, then you have a base storage shelf and an expansion shelf.

   Note:

   If you add a new JBOD fresh from the factory, then the output of the `odacli validate-storagetopology` command is:

       # odacli validate-storagetopology
        ...
       WARNING : JBOD Nickname is incorrectly set to :

3. Power on the storage expansion shelf and wait for 20 minutes before issuing the CLI command for storage expansion.
4. Log in to each server node and run the `odacli validate-storagetopology` command to validate the storage cabling and confirm that the new storage shelf is recognized.

       # odacli validate-storagetopology

         INFO    : Check if JBOD powered on
         SUCCESS : 2JBOD : Powered-on
         INFO    : Check for correct number of EBODS(2 or 4)
         SUCCESS : EBOD found : 4
          ...
          ...

          INFO    : Check for overall status of cable validation on Node0
          SUCCESS : Overall Cable Validation on Node0
          SUCCESS : JBOD0 Nickname set correctly : Oracle Database Appliance - E0
          SUCCESS : JBOD1 Nickname set correctly : Oracle Database Appliance - E1

   If you add a new JBOD fresh from the factory, then the output of the `odacli validate-storagetopology` command is:

       # odacli validate-storagetopology
        ...
       WARNING : JBOD Nickname is incorrectly set to :

   Look for the following indicators that both storage shelves are recognized:
   - When there are two shelves, the JBOD (just a bunch of disks) is numbered. For example:

         SUCCESS : 2JBOD : Powered-on

   - When both shelves are recognized, the `EBOD found` value is 4.

         SUCCESS : EBOD found : 4

   - When the expansion shelf is cabled properly, the nickname is `E1`. For example:

                 SUCCESS : JBOD0 Nickname set correctly : Oracle Database Appliance - E0
                 SUCCESS : JBOD1 Nickname set correctly : Oracle Database Appliance - E1

   Fix any errors before proceeding.

5. Run the `odaadmcli show disk` command to ensure that all disks in the expansion shelf are listed, are online, and are in a good state.

       # odaadmcli show disk

   When all disks are online and in a good state, proceed to the next step.
6. Run the `odaadmcli show enclosure` command to check the health of components in expansion shelf.

       # odaadmcli show enclosure

7. Run the `odaadmcli expand storage` command.

       # odaadmcli expand storage -ndisk 24 -enclosure 1

       Running precheck, it may take a few minutes.
       Precheck passed.

       Check the progress of expansion of storage by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       Waiting for expansion to finish. It may take several minutes to complete
       depending upon the number of disks being expanded

       odaadmcli expand storage command completed.

       Check status of newly expanded disk in OAK by executing 'odaadmcli show disk'
       All of them must be ONLINE status. Check status of newly expanded disk in ASM
       by executing 'asmcmd lsdsk -p', mount status must be CACHED and header status
       should be MEMBER for all the newly added disks. If the status of newly added
       disks in OAK and ASM are different then expand storage command failed.

       Expand Storage Operation Status :
         OAKD : Success
          ASM : Success

       If the command reported status is not 'Success' then manually
       verify the status by following the steps outlined above.

   It takes approximately 30 to 40 minutes to add all of the disks to the configuration.
8. Use the `odaadmcli show validation storage errors` command to show hard storage errors.
   Hard errors include having the wrong type of disk inserted into a particular slot, an invalid disk model, or an incorrect disk size.

       # odaadmcli show validation storage errors

9. Use the `odaadmcli show validation storage failures` command to show soft validation errors.
   A typical soft disk error would be an invalid version of the disk firmware.

       # odaadmcli show validation storage failures

10. Run the `odacli describe-component` command to verify that all firmware components in the storage expansion are current.

        # odacli describe-component

11. If needed, update the storage shelf and then run the `odacli describe-component` command to confirm that the firmware is current.

        # odacli update
        # odacli describe-component

Parent topic: Managing Storage on High-Availability Systems