5 Load Balancing

Load balancing is the method of sharing a workload equally among servers. It prevents clients from overwhelming certain servers.

The Load Balancer service provides automated traffic distribution from one entry point to multiple servers reachable from your virtual cloud network (VCN). The service offers a load balancer with your choice of a public or private IP address.

There are two types of load balancers:

  • Load Balancer as a Service (LBaaS): This type of load balancer operates at all protocol layers, including the application. When the term "load balancer" (LB) appears without qualification, the statement refers to LBaaS.

  • Network Load Balancer (NLB): This type of load balancer operates on protocol layers below the application itself, at the Network Layer. The term "network load balancer" (NLB) always refers to a network load balancer, not to LBaaS.

The verb "load balancing" refers to the actions of both LBs and NLBs. The term "load balancer" can refer to both LBs and NLBs. When you need to be specific, use LB and NLB.

A load balancer (both LBs and NLBs) can be either private or public.

  • Private: A private load balancer is isolated from the network outside the Oracle Private Cloud Appliance. A private load balancer is assigned a private IP address from the address block of the specified private subnet. This private IP address is used as a front end for incoming internal VCN traffic, to balance that traffic across all backend servers.

    For a private LB you need a VCN with at least one private subnet. The subnet must have security rules that allow the intended traffic. The backend servers must be reachable from the selected VCN.

  • Public: A public load balancer accepts traffic from a network location outside of the appliance. A public load balancer can be assigned a public IP address from a public subnet of a VCN that has a NAT gateway and an internet gateway (IGW) configured, or you can select the public IP address from a list. This public IP address is used as the entry point for incoming traffic, to balance that traffic across all backend servers. You can associate the public IP address with a friendly DNS name through any DNS provider.

    For a public LB, you need a VCN with at least one public subnet. The subnet must have security rules that allow the intended traffic. The backend servers must be reachable from the selected VCN.

    You can select a public IP address from a list, or you can allow the system to assign an IP address.

    For a public LB, create a NAT gateway as described in Enabling Public Connections through a NAT Gateway.