Stroking and Filling Graphics Primitives

You already know how to create different geometric primitives and more complicated shapes. This lesson teaches how to add some color and fancy outlines to your graphics and represents filling and stroking:

• Filling – is a process of painting the shape’s interior with solid color or a color gradient, or a texture pattern
• Stroking – is a process of drawing a shape’s outline applying stroke width, line style, and color attribute

To apply fancy line styles and fill patterns to geometric primitives change the stroke and paint attributes in the Graphics2D context before rendering. For example, draw a dashed line by creating an appropriate Stroke object. To add this stroke to the Graphics2D context before you render the line call the setStroke method. Similarly, you apply a gradient fill to a Shape object by creating a GradientPaint object and adding it to the Graphics2D context.

The following code lines enrich geometric primitives with filling and stroking context:

// draw RoundRectangle2D.Double

final static float dash1[] = {10.0f};
    final static BasicStroke dashed =
        new BasicStroke(1.0f,
                        BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,
                        BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER,
                        10.0f, dash1, 0.0f);
g2.setStroke(dashed);
g2.draw(new RoundRectangle2D.Double(x, y,
                                   rectWidth,
                                   rectHeight,
                                   10, 10));

// fill Ellipse2D.Double
redtowhite = new GradientPaint(0,0,color.RED,100, 0,color.WHITE);
g2.setPaint(redtowhite);
g2.fill (new Ellipse2D.Double(0, 0, 100, 50));

The ShapesDemo2D.java code example represents additional implementations of stoking and filling.

Defining Fancy Line Styles and Fill Patterns

Using the Java 2D Stroke and Paint classes, you can define fancy line styles and fill patterns.

Line Styles

Line styles are defined by the stroke attribute in the Graphics2D rendering context. To set the stroke attribute, you create a BasicStroke object and pass it into the Graphics2D setStroke method.

A BasicStroke object holds information about the line width, join style, end-cap style, and dash style. This information is used when a Shape is rendered with the draw method.

The line width is the thickness of the line measured perpendicular to its trajectory. The line width is specified as a float value in user coordinate units, which are roughly equivalent to 1/72 of an inch when the default transform is used.

The join style is the decoration that is applied where two line segments meet. BasicStroke supports the following three join styles:

JOIN_BEVEL

JOIN_MITER

JOIN_ROUND

The end-cap style is the decoration that is applied where a line segment ends. BasicStroke supports the following three end-cap styles:

CAP_BUTT

CAP_ROUND

CAP_SQUARE

The dash style defines the pattern of opaque and transparent sections applied along the length of the line. The dash style is defined by a dash array and a dash phase. The dash array defines the dash pattern. Alternating elements in the array represent the dash length and the length of the space between dashes in user coordinate units. Element 0 represents the first dash, element 1 the first space, and so on. The dash phase is an offset into the dash pattern, also specified in user coordinate units. The dash phase indicates what part of the dash pattern is applied to the beginning of the line.

Fill Patterns

Fill patterns are defined by the paint attribute in the Graphics2D rendering context. To set the paint attribute, you create an instance of an object that implements the Paint interface and pass it into the Graphics2D setPaint method.

The following three classes implement the Paint interface: Color, GradientPaint, and TexturePaint.

To create a GradientPaint, you specify a beginning position and color and an ending position and color. The gradient changes proportionally from one color to the other color along the line connecting the two positions. For example:

The pattern for a TexturePaint class is defined by a BufferedImage class. To create a TexturePaint object, you specify the image that contains the pattern and a rectangle that is used to replicate and anchor the pattern. The following image represents this feature: